Recombinant Human Dkk-1 Protein

Recombinant Human Dkk‑1 (Catalog # 5439-DK) inhibits Wnt induced TCF reporter activity in HEK293 human embryonic kidney cells. The ED50 for this effect is 10.0-250 ng/mL.

JOY6 human iPSCs were cultured in media containing Cultrex™ Stem Cell Qualified RGF BME (3434-010-02) and N21-MAX Insulin Free Media Supplement (AR010) along with Recombinant Human Activin A on day 0, Recombinant Human FGF-basic (4114-TC), Recombinant Human BMP-4, and CHIR99021 (4423) on days 1-5, and Recombinant Human Dkk-1 (Catalog # 5439-DK) on days 5-7 to induce cardiomyocyte differentiation. Cells were then cultured in media supplemented with N21-MAX Insulin Free Media Supplement (AR010) on days 7-12 and media supplemented with N21-MAX Media Supplement (AR008) from day 12 and beyond. Cells were fixed and stained for stage-specific markers at select time points during the procedure. The pluripotency marker Oct-4 was detected using a Mouse Anti-Human Oct-4A Monoclonal Antibody (MAB17591). The mesoderm marker, Snail is expressed intermediately during differentiation (Day 1). It was detected using a Goat Anti-Human Snail Polyclonal Antibody (AF3639). The cardiomyocyte markers NKX2.5 and Troponin T are not present in cells during early (Day 0) and intermediate (Day1) differentiation and become more highly expressed during the later stages of differentiation (Day 7, Day 30). NKX2.5 was detected using a Goat Anti-Human NKX2.5 Polyclonal Antibody (AF2444) and Troponin T was detected using a Mouse Anti-Human Cardiac Troponin T Monoclonal Antibody (MAB1874). Snail and NKX2.5 primary antibodies were visualized with a NorthernLights™ 557-conjugated Donkey Anti-Goat IgG Secondary Antibody (NL001). Oct-4 and Troponin T were visualized with a NorthernLights 557-conjugated Donkey Anti-Mouse IgG Secondary Antibody (NL007).

JOY6 human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were differentiated into cardiomyocytes in media containing Cultrex™ Stem Cell Qualified Reduced Growth Factor Basement Membrane Extract (3434-010-02) and N21-MAX Insulin Free Media Supplement (AR010) along with Recombinant Human Activin A on day 0, Recombinant Human FGF-basic (4114-TC), Recombinant Human BMP-4, and CHIR99021 (4423) on days 1-5, and Recombinant Human Dkk-1 (Catalog # 5439-DK) on days 5-7. Following culture in media supplemented with N21-MAX Insulin Free Media Supplement (AR010) on days 7-12 and media supplemented with N21-MAX Media Supplement (AR008) from day 12 and beyond, cells were fixed and stained for the atrial-specific marker, MLC2a, and the ventricle-specific marker, MYH7 using a Rabbit Anti-Human MYH7 Monoclonal Antibody (MAB90961).

• Reactivity: Hu
• Applications: Bioactivity

Recombinant Human Dkk-1 Protein Summary

• Details of Functionality: Measured by its ability to inhibit Wnt induced TCF reporter activity in HEK293 human embryonic kidney cells. The ED 50 for this effect is 10.0-250 ng/mL.
• Source: Spodoptera frugiperda, Sf 21 (baculovirus)-derived human Dkk-1 protein Thr32-His266
• Accession #: O94907
• N-terminal Sequence: Thr32
• Protein/Peptide Type: Recombinant Proteins
• Gene: DKK1
• Purity: >95%, by SDS-PAGE with silver staining
• Endotoxin Note: <1.0 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Bioactivity
• Theoretical MW: 25.8 kDa.
  Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors.
• SDS-PAGE: 33-38 kDa, reducing conditions

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 degreesC as supplied. 1 month, 2 to 8 degreesC under sterile conditions after reconstitution. 3 months, -20 to -70 degreesC under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with BSA as a carrier protein.
• Purity: >95%, by SDS-PAGE with silver staining
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in PBS containing at least 0.1% human or bovine serum albumin.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for Recombinant Human Dkk-1 Protein

• dickkopf (Xenopus laevis) homolog 1
• dickkopf homolog 1 (Xenopus laevis)
• dickkopf related protein-1
• Dickkopf-1
• dickkopf-related protein 1
• Dkk1
• Dkk-1
• hDkk-1
• SKdickkopf-1 like

Background

Dickkopf related protein 1 (Dkk-1) is the founding member of the Dickkopf family of proteins that includes Dkk-1, -2, -3, -4, and a related protein, Soggy (1, 2). Dkk proteins are secreted proteins that contain two conserved cysteine-rich domains separated by a linker region. Each domain contains ten cysteine residues (1-3). Mature human Dkk-1 is a 40 kDa glycosylated protein that shares 86%, 87%, 90% and 91% aa sequence identity with mouse, rat, rabbit and bovine Dkk-1, respectively. It also shares 42% and 36% aa identity with human Dkk-2 and Dkk-4, respectively. Dkk-1 and Dkk-4 are well documented antagonists of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway (1, 2). This pathway is activated by Wnt engagement of a receptor complex composed of the Frizzled proteins and one of two low-density lipoprotein receptor-related proteins, LRP5 or LRP6 (4). Dkk-1 antagonizes Wnt by forming ternary complexes of LRP5/6 with Kremen1 or Kremen2 (4, 5). Dkk-1/LRP6/Krm2 complex internalization has been shown to down-regulate Wnt signaling (4, 5). Dkk-1 is expressed throughout development and antagonizes Wnt-7a during limb development (6, 7). Other sites of expression include developing neurons, hair follicles and the retina of the eye (8, 9). The balance between Wnt signaling and Dkk-1 inhibition is critical for bone formation and homeostasis (10). Insufficient or excess Dkk-1 activity in bone results in increased or decreased bone density, respectively (8, 11). In adults, Dkk-1 is expressed in osteoblasts and osteocytes, and neurons. Cerebral ischemia induces Dkk-1 expression, which contributes to neuronal cell death (12).

1. Krupnik, V.E. et al. (1999) Gene 238:301.  
2. Niehrs, C. (2006) Oncogene 25:7469. 
3. Bullock, C.M. et al. (2004) Mol. Pharmacol. 65:582. 
4. Mao, B. et al. (2001) Nature 411:321. 
5. Mao, B. et al. (2002) Nature 417:664.  
6. Kemp, C. et al. (2005) Dev. Dyn. 233:1064.
7. Adamska, M. et al. (2004) Dev. Biol. 272:134.
8. Li, J. et al. (2006) Bone 36:754.
9. Verani, R. et al. (2006) J. Neurochem. 101:242.
10. Pinzone, J.J. et al. (2009) Blood 113:517.
11. Morvan, F. et al. (2006) J. Bone Miner. Res. 21:934.
12. Cappuccio, I. et al. (2005) J. Neurosci. 25:2647.

Publications for Dkk-1 (5439-DK)(91)

Publications using 5439-DK

• Yang, R;Wang, L;Li, Y;Zhu, J;Wang, J;Schlessinger, D;Sima, J; DKK3-LRP1 complex and a chemical inhibitor regulate A? clearance in models of Alzheimer's disease Science advances 2025-11-07 [PMID: 41202125] (Bioassay, Human, Mouse)
• Cooney, RA;Saal, ML;Geraci, KP;Maynard, C;Cleaver, O;Hoang, ON;Moore, TT;Hwang, RF;Axelrod, JD;Vladar, EK; A WNT4 and DKK3 driven canonical to noncanonical Wnt signaling switch controls multiciliogenesis Journal of cell science 2023-07-28 [PMID: 37505110] (Bioassay, Human)
• Voss, AJ;Lanjewar, SN;Sampson, MM;King, A;Hill, EJ;Sing, A;Sojka, C;Bhatia, TN;Spangle, JM;Sloan, SA; Identification of ligand-receptor pairs that drive human astrocyte development Nature neuroscience 2023-07-17 [PMID: 37460808] (Bioassay, Human)
• YC Hsu, CC Chang, CC Hsieh, YT Huang, YH Shih, HC Chang, PJ Chang, CL Lin Dickkopf-1 Acts as a Profibrotic Mediator in Progressive Chronic Kidney Disease International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2023-04-21;24(8):. 2023-04-21 [PMID: 37108841] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• M Rickman, M Ghim, K Pang, AC von Huelse, EM Drudi, M Sureda-Viv, N Ayoub, V Tajadura-O, SJ George, PD Weinberg, CM Warboys Disturbed flow increases endothelial inflammation and permeability via a Frizzled-4-beta-catenin-dependent pathway Journal of Cell Science, 2023-03-24;0(0):. 2023-03-24 [PMID: 36846872] (Bioassay, Human)
• L Feige, T Kozaki, G Dias de Me, V Guillemot, F Larrous, F Ginhoux, H Bourhy Susceptibilities of CNS Cells towards Rabies Virus Infection Is Linked to Cellular Innate Immune Responses Viruses, 2022-12-29;15(1):. 2022-12-29 [PMID: 36680128] (Bioassay, Human)
• ESY Ng, N Kady, J Hu, A Dave, Z Jiang, J Pei, MB Gorin, A Matynia, RA Radu Membrane Attack Complex Mediates Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cell Death in Stargardt Macular Degeneration Cells, 2022-11-02;11(21):. 2022-11-02 [PMID: 36359858] (Bioassay, Human)
• K Nagano, K Yamana, H Saito, R Kiviranta, AC Pedroni, D Raval, C Niehrs, F Gori, R Baron R-spondin 3 deletion induces Erk phosphorylation to enhance Wnt signaling and promote bone formation in the appendicular skeleton Elife, 2022-11-02;11(0):. 2022-11-02 [PMID: 36321691] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• Y Song, Z Wang, J Jiang, Y Piao, Q Bai, Q Piao, L Li, C Xu, H Liu, H Piao, L Li, G Yan miR-181-5p attenuates neutrophilic inflammation in asthma by targeting DEK International immunopharmacology, 2022-09-14;112(0):109243. 2022-09-14 [PMID: 36115279] (Bioassay, Human)
• C Kornsuthis, A Chansaenro, J Manokawinc, KA Tompkins, N Pirarat, T Osathanon Non-canonical Wnt signaling participates in Jagged1-induced osteo/odontogenic differentiation in human dental pulp stem cells Scientific Reports, 2022-05-09;12(1):7583. 2022-05-09 [PMID: 35534526] (Cell Culture, Human)
• TF Amaral, JGV de Grazia, LAG Martinhao, F De Col, LGB Siqueira, JHM Viana, PJ Hansen Actions of CSF2 and DKK1 on bovine embryo development and pregnancy outcomes are affected by composition of embryo culture medium Scientific Reports, 2022-05-07;12(1):7503. 2022-05-07 [PMID: 35525843] (Cell Culture, Bovine)
• T Suda, T Yamashita, H Sunagozaka, H Okada, K Nio, Y Sakai, T Yamashita, E Mizukoshi, M Honda, S Kaneko Dickkopf-1 Promotes Angiogenesis and is a Biomarker for Hepatic Stem Cell-like Hepatocellular Carcinoma International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2022-03-03;23(5):. 2022-03-03 [PMID: 35269944] (Bioassay, Human)
• B Ghosh, K Nishida, L Chandrala, S Mahmud, S Thapa, C Swaby, S Chen, AA Khosla, J Katz, VK Sidhaye Epithelial plasticity in COPD results in cellular unjamming due to an increase in polymerized actin Journal of Cell Science, 2022-02-24;0(0):. 2022-02-24 [PMID: 35118497] (Cell Culture, Human)
• R Kunimatsu, A Kimura, S Sakata, Y Tsuka, Y Yoshimi, T Abe, I Kado, Y Yashima, J Izumino, A Nakatani, M Kitagawa, M Miyauchi, T Takata, K Tanimoto Effects of baicalin on the proliferation and expression of OPG and RANKL in human cementoblast-lineage cells Journal of dental sciences, 2021-06-12;17(1):162-169. 2021-06-12 [PMID: 35028034] (Bioassay, Human)
• M Dahlmann, A Monks, ED Harris, D Kobelt, M Osterland, F Khaireddin, P Herrmann, W Kemmner, S Burock, W Walther, RH Shoemaker, U Stein Combination of Wnt/beta-Catenin Targets S100A4 and DKK1 Improves Prognosis of Human Colorectal Cancer Cancers, 2021-12-22;14(1):. 2021-12-22 [PMID: 35008201] (Bioassay, Human)
• M Kowalski-J, H Schihada, A Turku, T Huber, TP Sakmar, G Schulte Frizzled BRET sensors based on bioorthogonal labeling of unnatural amino acids reveal WNT-induced dynamics of the cysteine-rich domain Science Advances, 2021-11-10;7(46):eabj7917. 2021-11-10 [PMID: 34757789] (Bioassay, Human)
• L Johnson Ch, H Lahlou, C Steinacher, S Assou, Y Messat, J Dudás, A Edge, B Crespo, M Crosier, C Sergi, A Schrott-Fi, A Zine Transcriptome-Wide Analysis Reveals a Role for Extracellular Matrix and Integrin Receptor Genes in Otic Neurosensory Differentiation from Human iPSCs International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2021-10-07;22(19):. 2021-10-07 [PMID: 34639189] (Bioassay, Human)
• HJ Wu, A Landshamme, EK Stamenova, A Bolondi, H Kretzmer, A Meissner, F Michor Topological isolation of developmental regulators in mammalian genomes Nature Communications, 2021-08-12;12(1):4897. 2021-08-12 [PMID: 34385432] (Bioassay, Human)
• HZ Qi, YL Ye, Y Suo, H Qu, HY Zhang, KB Yang, ZP Fan, F Huang, L Xuan, YQ Chen, H Jin, QF Liu Wnt/&amp;beta-catenin signaling mediates the abnormal osteogenic and adipogenic capabilities of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from chronic graft-versus-host disease patients Cell Death & Disease, 2021-03-23;12(4):308. 2021-03-23 [PMID: 33758171] (Bioassay, Human)
• D Baek, KH Park, KM Lee, S Jung, S Joung, J Kim, JW Lee Ubiquitin-specific protease 53 promotes osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells Cell Death & Disease, 2021-03-04;12(3):238. 2021-03-04 [PMID: 33664230] (Bioassay, Human)
• MP Srikanth, RA Feldman Elevated Dkk1 Mediates Downregulation of the Canonical Wnt Pathway and Lysosomal Loss in an iPSC Model of Neuronopathic Gaucher Disease Biomolecules, 2020-12-03;10(12):. 2020-12-03 [PMID: 33287247] (Bioassay, Human)
• Y Jin, X Sun, F Pei, Z Zhao, J Mao Wnt16 signaling promotes osteoblast differentiation of periosteal derived cells in vitro and in vivo PeerJ, 2020-11-24;8(0):e10374. 2020-11-24 [PMID: 33282557] (Cell Culture, Mouse)
• L Fang, C Gao, RX Bai, HF Wang, SY Du Overexpressed sFRP3 exerts an inhibitory effect on hepatocellular carcinoma via inactivation of the Wnt/&amp;beta-catenin signaling pathway Cancer Gene Ther., 2020-09-26;0(0):. 2020-09-26 [PMID: 32978504] (Bioassay, Human)
• P Teotia, M Niu, I Ahmad Mapping developmental trajectories and subtype diversity of normal and glaucomatous human retinal ganglion cells by single-cell transcriptome analysis Stem Cells, 2020-06-18;0(0):. 2020-06-18 [PMID: 32557945] (Bioassay, Human)
• A El-Sehemy, HJ Selvadurai, A Ortin-Mart, NT Pokrajac, Y Mamatjan, N Tachibana, KJ Rowland, L Lee, NI Park, KD Aldape, P Dirks, VA Wallace Norrin mediates tumor-promoting and -suppressive effects in glioblastoma via Notch and WNT J. Clin. Invest., 2020-06-01;0(0):. 2020-06-01 [PMID: 32182224] (Cell Culture, Human)
• W Liu, X Chen, M Wu, L Li, J Liu, J Shi, T Hong Recombinant Klotho protein enhances cholesterol efflux of THP-1 macrophage-derived foam cells via suppressing Wnt/&amp;beta-catenin signaling pathway BMC Cardiovasc Disord, 2020-03-05;20(1):120. 2020-03-05 [PMID: 32138681] (Bioassay, Human)
• S Schivo, S Khurana, K Govindaraj, J Scholma, J Kerkhofs, L Zhong, X Huang, J van de Pol, R Langerak, AJ van Wijnen, L Geris, M Karperien, JN Post ECHO, the executable CHOndrocyte: A computational model to study articular chondrocytes in healthy and disease Cell. Signal., 2019-12-11;0(0):109471. 2019-12-11 [PMID: 31837466] (Bioassay, Human)
• M Haas, JL Gómez Vázq, DI Sun, HT Tran, M Brislinger, A Tasca, O Shomroni, K Vleminckx, P Walentek δN-Tp63 Mediates Wnt/ β-Catenin-Induced Inhibition of Differentiation in Basal Stem Cells of Mucociliary Epithelia Cell Rep, 2019-09-24;28(13):3338-3352.e6. 2019-09-24 [PMID: 31553905] (Bioassay, Human)
• JM Segal, D Kent, DJ Wesche, SS Ng, M Serra, B Oulès, G Kar, G Emerton, SJI Blackford, S Darmanis, R Miquel, TV Luong, R Yamamoto, A Bonham, W Jassem, N Heaton, A Vigilante, A King, R Sancho, S Teichmann, SR Quake, H Nakauchi, ST Rashid Single cell analysis of human foetal liver captures the transcriptional profile of hepatobiliary hybrid progenitors Nat Commun, 2019-07-26;10(1):3350. 2019-07-26 [PMID: 31350390] (Bioassay, Human)
• K Hang, C Ye, J Xu, E Chen, C Wang, W Zhang, L Ni, Z Kuang, L Ying, D Xue, Z Pan Apelin enhances the osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells partly through Wnt/?-catenin signaling pathway Stem Cell Res Ther, 2019-06-25;10(1):189. 2019-06-25 [PMID: 31238979] (Bioassay, Human)
• OC Tysoe, AW Justin, T Brevini, SE Chen, KT Mahbubani, AK Frank, H Zedira, E Melum, K Saeb-Parsy, AE Markaki, L Vallier, F Sampazioti Isolation and propagation of primary human cholangiocyte organoids for the generation of bioengineered biliary tissue Nat Protoc, 2019-05-20;14(6):1884-1925. 2019-05-20 [PMID: 31110298] (Bioassay, Human)
• O Lyros, AK Lamprecht, L Nie, R Thieme, K Götzel, M Gasparri, G Haasler, P Rafiee, R Shaker, I Gockel Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) promotes tumor growth via Akt-phosphorylation and independently of Wnt-axis in Barrett&#039;s associated esophageal adenocarcinoma Am J Cancer Res, 2019-02-01;9(2):330-346. 2019-02-01 [PMID: 30906632] (Bioassay, Human)
• S Pérez-Garc, M Carrión, R Villanueva, T Hermida-Gó, M Fernández-, M Mellado, FJ Blanco, Y Juarranz, RP Gomariz Wnt and RUNX2 mediate cartilage breakdown by osteoarthritis synovial fibroblast-derived ADAMTS-7 and -12 J. Cell. Mol. Med., 2019-03-22;0(0):. 2019-03-22 [PMID: 30903650] (Bioassay, Human)
• F Tsurumi, S Baba, D Yoshinaga, K Umeda, T Hirata, J Takita, T Heike The intracellular Ca2+ concentration is elevated in cardiomyocytes differentiated from hiPSCs derived from a Duchenne muscular dystrophy patient PLoS ONE, 2019-03-15;14(3):e0213768. 2019-03-15 [PMID: 30875388] (Bioassay, Human)
• M Pontremoli, M Brioschi, R Baetta, S Ghilardi, C Banfi Identification of DKK-1 as a novel mediator of statin effects in human endothelial cells Sci Rep, 2018-11-12;8(1):16671. 2018-11-12 [PMID: 30420710] (Bioassay, Human)
• IF LaRocque-d, JDB Rocha, MP Nunes, PAV Oliveira, DO Nascimento, L Freire-de-, CM Takiya, A Morrot, D Decote-Ric, JO Previato, GA DosReis, L Mendonça-P, CG Freire-de- Involvement of the capsular GalXM-induced IL-17 cytokine in the control of Cryptococcus neoformans infection Sci Rep, 2018-11-06;8(1):16378. 2018-11-06 [PMID: 30401972] (Bioassay, Human)
• H Takeuchi, S Inagaki, W Morozumi, Y Nakano, Y Inoue, Y Kuse, T Mizoguchi, S Nakamura, M Funato, H Kaneko, H Hara, M Shimazawa VGF nerve growth factor inducible is involved in retinal ganglion cells death induced by optic nerve crush Sci Rep, 2018-11-06;8(1):16443. 2018-11-06 [PMID: 30401804] (Bioassay, Human)
• B Cha, X Geng, MR Mahamud, JY Zhang, L Chen, W Kim, EH Jho, Y Kim, D Choi, JB Dixon, H Chen, YK Hong, L Olson, TH Kim, BJ Merrill, MJ Davis, RS Srinivasan Complementary Wnt Sources Regulate Lymphatic Vascular Development via PROX1-Dependent Wnt/?-Catenin Signaling Cell Rep, 2018-10-16;25(3):571-584.e5. 2018-10-16 [PMID: 30332639] (Bioassay, Human)
• YK Bae, JH Kwon, M Kim, GH Kim, SJ Choi, W Oh, YS Yang, HJ Jin, HB Jeon Intracellular Calcium Determines the Adipogenic Differentiation Potential of Human Umbilical Cord Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells via the Wnt5a/?-Catenin Signaling Pathway Stem Cells Int, 2018-07-11;2018(0):6545071. 2018-07-11 [PMID: 30123291] (Bioassay, Human)
• YC Chen, CL Tsai, YH Wei, YT Wu, WT Hsu, HC Lin, YC Hsu ATOH1/RFX1/RFX3 transcription factors facilitate the differentiation and characterisation of inner ear hair cell-like cells from patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells harbouring A8344G mutation of mitochondrial DNA Cell Death Dis, 2018-04-01;9(4):437. 2018-04-01 [PMID: 29740017] (Bioassay, Human)
• M Amin, Y Kushida, S Wakao, M Kitada, K Tatsumi, M Dezawa Cardiotrophic Growth Factor-Driven Induction of Human Muse Cells Into Cardiomyocyte-Like Phenotype Cell Transplant, 2018-02-01;27(2):285-298. 2018-02-01 [PMID: 29637816] (Bioassay, Human)
• MM Adil, T Gaj, AT Rao, RU Kulkarni, CM Fuentes, GN Ramadoss, FK Ekman, EW Miller, DV Schaffer hPSC-Derived Striatal Cells Generated Using a Scalable 3D Hydrogel Promote Recovery in a Huntington Disease Mouse Model Stem Cell Reports, 2018-04-05;0(0):. 2018-04-05 [PMID: 29628395] (Bioassay, Human)
• S Kokabu, V Rosen BMP3 expression by osteoblast lineage cells is regulated by canonical Wnt signaling FEBS Open Bio, 2017-12-16;8(2):168-176. 2017-12-16 [PMID: 29435407] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• ML Xu, CWC Bi, EYL Liu, TTX Dong, KWK Tsim Wnt3a Induces the Expression of Acetylcholinesterase during Osteoblast Differentiation via the Runx2 Transcription Factor J. Biol. Chem., 2017-06-12;0(0):. 2017-06-12 [PMID: 28607150] (Bioassay, Rat)
• T Liu, L Zhang, Y Wang, H Zhang, L Li, X Bao Dickkopf-1 inhibits Wnt3a-induced migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of human lens epithelial cells Exp. Eye Res., 2017-06-03;0(0):. 2017-06-03 [PMID: 28587752] (Bioassay, In Vivo, Human, Rabbit)
• N Kramer, J Schmöllerl, C Unger, H Nivarthi, A Rudisch, D Unterleuth, M Scherzer, A Riedl, M Artaker, I Crncec, D Lenhardt, T Schwarz, B Prieler, X Han, M Hengstschl, J Schüler, R Eferl, R Moriggl, W Sommergrub, H Dolznig Autocrine WNT2 signaling in fibroblasts promotes colorectal cancer progression Oncogene, 2017-05-29;0(0):. 2017-05-29 [PMID: 28553956] (Bioassay)
• K Chen, Q Liu, LL Tsang, Q Ye, HC Chan, Y Sun, X Jiang Human MSCs promotes colorectal cancer epithelial-mesenchymal transition and progression via CCL5/?-catenin/Slug pathway Cell Death Dis, 2017-05-25;8(5):e2819. 2017-05-25 [PMID: 28542126] (Bioassay, Human)
• JR Chao, DA Lamba, TR Klesert, A Torre, A Hoshino, RJ Taylor, A Jayabalu, AL Engel, TH Khuu, RK Wang, M Neitz, J Neitz, TA Reh Transplantation of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Retinal Cells into the Subretinal Space of a Non-Human Primate Transl Vis Sci Technol, 2017-05-16;6(3):4. 2017-05-16 [PMID: 28516002] (Bioassay, Human)
• Y Gao, A Cai, H Xi, J Li, W Xu, Y Zhang, K Zhang, J Cui, X Wu, B Wei, L Chen Ring finger protein 43 associates with gastric cancer progression and attenuates the stemness of gastric cancer stem-like cells via the Wnt-?/catenin signaling pathway Stem Cell Res Ther, 2017-04-26;8(1):98. 2017-04-26 [PMID: 28446252] (Bioassay, Human)
• F Ou, K Su, J Sun, W Liao, Y Yao, Y Zheng, Z Zhang The LncRNA ZBED3-AS1 induces chondrogenesis of human synovial fluid mesenchymal stem cells Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2017-04-18;487(2):457-463. 2017-04-18 [PMID: 28431932] (Bioassay, Human)
• KC Chang, J Hertz, X Zhang, XL Jin, P Shaw, BA Derosa, JY Li, P Venugopala, DA Valenzuela, RD Patel, KR Russano, SA Alshamekh, C Sun, K Tenerelli, C Li, D Velmeshev, Y Cheng, TM Boyce, A Dreyfuss, MS Uddin, KJ Muller, DM Dykxhoorn, JL Goldberg Novel regulatory mechanisms for the SoxC transcriptional network required for visual pathway development J. Neurosci., 2017-04-14;0(0):. 2017-04-14 [PMID: 28411269] (Bioassay, Human)
• Z Geng, PJ Walsh, V Truong, C Hill, M Ebeling, RJ Kapphahn, SR Montezuma, C Yuan, H Roehrich, DA Ferrington, JR Dutton Generation of retinal pigmented epithelium from iPSCs derived from the conjunctiva of donors with and without age related macular degeneration PLoS ONE, 2017-03-10;12(3):e0173575. 2017-03-10 [PMID: 28282420] (Bioassay, Human)
• HS Jeong, MH Kwack, MK Kim, JC Kim, YK Sung Attenuation of Dickkopf 1-Induced Hair Growth Inhibition in Cultured Human Hair Follicles by Tianeptine Ann Dermatol, 2017-02-03;29(1):102-105. 2017-02-03 [PMID: 28223757] (Bioassay, Human)
• J Shao, PY Zhou, GH Peng Experimental Study of the Biological Properties of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Retinal Progenitor Cells Sci Rep, 2017-02-13;7(0):42363. 2017-02-13 [PMID: 28205557] (Bioassay, Human)
• AL Gibson, CK Hui Mingal, AT Foote, T Uchimura, M Zhang, L Zeng Wnt7a Inhibits IL-1? Induced Catabolic Gene Expression and Prevents Articular Cartilage Damage in Experimental Osteoarthritis Sci Rep, 2017-02-06;7(0):41823. 2017-02-06 [PMID: 28165497] (Bioassay, Human)
• YH Chang, TY Chu, DC Ding WNT/?-Catenin signaling pathway regulates non-tumorigenesis of human embryonic stem cells co-cultured with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells Sci Rep, 2017-02-03;7(0):41913. 2017-02-03 [PMID: 28157212] (Bioassay, Human)
• Reductive carboxylation is a major metabolic pathway in the retinal pigment epithelium Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2016-12-01;0(0):. 2016-12-01 [PMID: 27911769] (Bioassay, Human)
• Holger S Willenberg Endothelial cells regulate ?-catenin activity in adrenocortical cells via secretion of basic fibroblast growth factor Mol. Cell. Endocrinol., 2016-11-23;0(0):. 2016-11-23 [PMID: 27889473] (Bioassay, Human)
• Elena Neumann Expression of adipokines in osteoarthritis osteophytes and their effect on osteoblasts Matrix Biol., 2016-11-22;0(0):. 2016-11-22 [PMID: 27884778] (Bioassay, Human)
• Mousumi Majumder COX-2 Induces Breast Cancer Stem Cells via EP4/PI3K/AKT/NOTCH/WNT Axis Stem Cells, 2016-06-27;0(0):. 2016-06-27 [PMID: 27301070] (Bioassay, Human)
• Carthy J, Engstrom U, Heldin C, Moustakas A Commercially Available Preparations of Recombinant Wnt3a Contain Non-Wnt Related Activities Which May Activate TGF-beta Signaling. J Cell Biochem, 2015-09-22;117(4):938-45. 2015-09-22 [PMID: 26369756] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• Denicol A, Leao B, Dobbs K, Mingoti G, Hansen P Influence of Sex on Basal and Dickkopf-1 Regulated Gene Expression in the Bovine Morula. PLoS ONE, 2015-07-21;10(7):e0133587. 2015-07-21 [PMID: 26196299] (Bioassay, Bovine)
• Xue J, Chen Y, Wu Y, Wang Z, Zhou A, Zhang S, Lin K, Aldape K, Majumder S, Lu Z, Huang S Tumour suppressor TRIM33 targets nuclear beta-catenin degradation. Nat Commun, 2015-02-02;6(0):6156. 2015-02-02 [PMID: 25639486] (Bioassay, Human)
• Viale-Bouroncle S, Klingelhoffer C, Ettl T, Reichert T, Morsczeck C A protein kinase A (PKA)/beta-catenin pathway sustains the BMP2/DLX3-induced osteogenic differentiation in dental follicle cells (DFCs). Cell Signal, 2014-12-19;27(3):598-605. 2014-12-19 [PMID: 25530217] (Bioassay, Human)
• Maass K, Shekhar A, Lu J, Kang G, See F, Kim E, Delgado C, Shen S, Cohen L, Fishman G Isolation and characterization of embryonic stem cell-derived cardiac Purkinje cells. Stem Cells, 2015-04-01;33(4):1102-12. 2015-04-01 [PMID: 25524238] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• Tsai H, Deng W, Lai W, Chiu W, Yang C, Tsai Y, Hwang S, Renshaw P Wnts enhance neurotrophin-induced neuronal differentiation in adult bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells via canonical and noncanonical signaling pathways. PLoS ONE, 2014-08-29;9(8):e104937. 2014-08-29 [PMID: 25170755] (Bioassay, Human)
• Chen C, Zhou H, Zhang X, Ma X, Liu Z, Liu X Elevated levels of Dickkopf-1 are associated with beta-catenin accumulation and poor prognosis in patients with chondrosarcoma. PLoS ONE, 2014-08-21;9(8):e105414. 2014-08-21 [PMID: 25144498] (Bioassay, Human)
• Peng X, Yang L, Chang H, Dai G, Wang F, Duan X, Guo L, Zhang Y, Chen G Wnt/beta-catenin signaling regulates the proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal progenitor cells through the p53 pathway. PLoS ONE, 2014-05-12;9(5):e97283. 2014-05-12 [PMID: 24819053] (Bioassay, Human)
• Burnight E, Wiley L, Drack A, Braun T, Anfinson K, Kaalberg E, Halder J, Affatigato L, Mullins R, Stone E, Tucker B CEP290 gene transfer rescues Leber congenital amaurosis cellular phenotype. Gene Ther, 2014-05-08;21(7):662-72. 2014-05-08 [PMID: 24807808] (Bioassay, Human)
• Ronaghi , Mohammad, Nasr , Marjan, Ealy , Megan, Durruthy-Durruthy , Robert, Waldhaus , Joerg, Diaz , Giovanni, Joubert , Lydia-Ma, Oshima , Kazuo, Heller , Stefan Inner ear hair cell-like cells from human embryonic stem cells. Stem Cells Dev, 2014-03-10;23(11):1275-84. 2014-03-10 [PMID: 24512547] (Bioassay, Human)
• Singh A, Chappell J, Trost R, Lin L, Wang T, Tang J, Matlock B, Weller K, Wu H, Zhao S, Jin P, Dalton S Cell-cycle control of developmentally regulated transcription factors accounts for heterogeneity in human pluripotent cells. Stem Cell Reports, 2013-12-05;1(6):532-44. 2013-12-05 [PMID: 24371808] (Bioassay, Human)
• Basu M, Mukhopadhyay S, Chatterjee U, Roy S FGF16 promotes invasive behavior of SKOV-3 ovarian cancer cells through activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. J Biol Chem, 2013-11-19;289(3):1415-28. 2013-11-19 [PMID: 24253043] (Bioassay, Human)
• Navarrete E, Liang P, Lan F, Sanchez-Freire V, Simmons C, Gong T, Sharma A, Burridge P, Patlolla B, Lee A, Wu H, Beygui R, Wu S, Robbins R, Bers D, Wu J Screening drug-induced arrhythmia [corrected] using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes and low-impedance microelectrode arrays. Circulation, 2013-09-10;128(11):S3-13. 2013-09-10 [PMID: 24030418] (Bioassay, Human)
• Tucker , Budd A, Mullins , Robert F, Streb , Luan M, Anfinson , Kristin, Eyestone , Mari E, Kaalberg , Emily, Riker , Megan J, Drack , Arlene V, Braun , Terry A, Stone , Edwin M Patient-specific iPSC-derived photoreceptor precursor cells as a means to investigate retinitis pigmentosa. Elife, 2013-08-27;2(0):e00824. 2013-08-27 [PMID: 23991284] (Bioassay, Human)
• Rasmussen N, Wright T, Brooks S, Hacker K, Debebe Z, Sendor A, Walker M, Major M, Green J, Wahl G, Rathmell W Receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 2 (Ror2) expression creates a poised state of Wnt signaling in renal cancer. J Biol Chem, 2013-07-26;288(36):26301-10. 2013-07-26 [PMID: 23893409] (Bioassay, Human)
• Maroof A, Keros S, Tyson J, Ying S, Ganat Y, Merkle F, Liu B, Goulburn A, Stanley E, Elefanty A, Widmer H, Eggan K, Goldstein P, Anderson S, Studer L Directed differentiation and functional maturation of cortical interneurons from human embryonic stem cells. Cell Stem Cell, 2013-05-02;12(5):559-72. 2013-05-02 [PMID: 23642365] (Bioassay, Human)
• Buchholz , David E, Pennington , Britney, Croze , Roxanne, Hinman , Cassidy, Coffey , Peter J, Clegg , Dennis O Rapid and efficient directed differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into retinal pigmented epithelium. Stem Cells Transl Med, 2013-04-18;2(5):384-93. 2013-04-18 [PMID: 23599499] (Bioassay, Human)
• Liang , Ping, Lan , Feng, Lee , Andrew S, Gong , Tingyu, Sanchez-Freire , Veronica, Wang , Yongming, Diecke , Sebastia, Sallam , Karim, Knowles , Joshua W, Wang , Paul J, Nguyen , Patricia, Bers , Donald M, Robbins , Robert C, Wu , Joseph C Drug screening using a library of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes reveals disease-specific patterns of cardiotoxicity. Circulation, 2013-03-21;127(16):1677-91. 2013-03-21 [PMID: 23519760] (Bioassay, Human)
• Verjee L, Verhoekx J, Chan J, Krausgruber T, Nicolaidou V, Izadi D, Davidson D, Feldmann M, Midwood K, Nanchahal J Unraveling the signaling pathways promoting fibrosis in Dupuytren&#039;s disease reveals TNF as a therapeutic target. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2013-02-19;110(10):E928-37. 2013-02-19 [PMID: 23431165] (Bioassay, Human)
• Tahir S, Yang G, Goltsov A, Song K, Ren C, Wang J, Chang W, Thompson T Caveolin-1-LRP6 signaling module stimulates aerobic glycolysis in prostate cancer. Cancer Res, 2013-01-09;73(6):1900-11. 2013-01-09 [PMID: 23302227] (Bioassay, Human)
• Tucker B, Anfinson K, Mullins R, Stone E, Young M Use of a synthetic xeno-free culture substrate for induced pluripotent stem cell induction and retinal differentiation. Stem Cells Transl Med, 2012-12-27;2(1):16-24. 2012-12-27 [PMID: 23283489] (Bioassay, Human)
• Kwack MH, Kim MK, Kim JC, Sung YK Dickkopf 1 promotes regression of hair follicles. J. Invest. Dermatol., 2012-02-23;132(6):1554-60. 2012-02-23 [PMID: 22358062] (In Vivo, Mouse)
• Scheel C, Eaton E, Li S, Chaffer C, Reinhardt F, Kah K, Bell G, Guo W, Rubin J, Richardson A, Weinberg R Paracrine and autocrine signals induce and maintain mesenchymal and stem cell states in the breast. Cell, 2011-06-10;145(6):926-40. 2011-06-10 [PMID: 21663795] (Bioassay, Human)
• Tomaselli S, Megiorni F, Lin L, Mazzilli MC, Gerrelli D, Majore S, Grammatico P, Achermann JC Human RSPO1/R-spondin1 is expressed during early ovary development and augments beta-catenin signaling. PLoS ONE, 2011-01-28;6(1):e16366. 2011-01-28 [PMID: 21297984] (Bioassay, Human)
• Chua AW, Ma D, Gan SU, Fu Z, Han HC, Song C, Sabapathy K, Phan TT The role of R-spondin2 in keratinocyte proliferation and epidermal thickening in keloid scarring. J. Invest. Dermatol., 2010-12-16;131(3):644-54. 2010-12-16 [PMID: 21160497] (Bioassay, Human)
• Zhang Q, Jiang J, Han P, Yuan Q, Zhang J, Zhang X, Xu Y, Cao H, Meng Q, Chen L, Tian T, Wang X, Li P, Hescheler J, Ji G, Ma Y Direct differentiation of atrial and ventricular myocytes from human embryonic stem cells by alternating retinoid signals. Cell Res., 2010-11-23;21(4):579-87. 2010-11-23 [PMID: 21102549] (Bioassay, Human)
• Granchi D, Corrias MV, Garaventa A, Baglio SR, Cangemi G, Carlini B, Paolucci P, Giunti A, Baldini N Neuroblastoma and bone metastases: clinical significance and prognostic value of Dickkopf 1 plasma levels. Bone, 2010-07-14;48(1):152-9. 2010-07-14 [PMID: 20603237] (Bioassay, Human)
• Fasano CA, Chambers SM, Lee G, Tomishima MJ, Studer L Efficient derivation of functional floor plate tissue from human embryonic stem cells. Cell Stem Cell, 2010-04-02;6(4):336-47. 2010-04-02 [PMID: 20362538] (Bioassay, Human)
• Koch S, Capaldo CT, Samarin S, Nava P, Neumaier I, Skerra A, Sacks DB, Parkos CA, Nusrat A Dkk-1 inhibits intestinal epithelial cell migration by attenuating directional polarization of leading edge cells. Mol. Biol. Cell, 2009-09-23;20(22):4816-25. 2009-09-23 [PMID: 19776352] (Bioassay, Human)
• Zenzmaier C, Marksteiner J, Kiefer A, Berger P, Humpel C Dkk-3 is elevated in CSF and plasma of Alzheimer's disease patients. J. Neurochem., 2009-05-11;110(2):653-61. 2009-05-11 [PMID: 19457090] (Antibody Absorption)
• Cho SW, Yang JY, Sun HJ, Jung JY, Her SJ, Cho HY, Choi HJ, Kim SW, Kim SY, Shin CS Wnt inhibitory factor (WIF)-1 inhibits osteoblastic differentiation in mouse embryonic mesenchymal cells. Bone, 2009-02-27;44(6):1069-77. 2009-02-27 [PMID: 19254785] (Bioassay, Mouse)

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: DKK1
• Uniprot:
  • O94907()