Recombinant Human CCL4/MIP-1 beta Protein, CF

• Reactivity: Hu
• Applications: Bioactivity
• Format: Carrier-Free

Recombinant Human CCL4/MIP-1 beta Protein, CF Summary

• Details of Functionality: Measured by its ability to chemoattract BaF3 mouse pro‑B cells transfected with human CCR5. The ED₅₀ for this effect is 1‑6 ng/mL.
• Source: E. coli-derived human CCL4/MIP-1 beta protein
  Ala24-Asn92 (Major); Pro30-Asn92 (minor)
• Accession #: P13236.1
• N-terminal Sequence: Ala24 (major); Pro30 (minor)
• Protein/Peptide Type: Recombinant Proteins
• Gene: CCL4
• Purity: >97%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain
• Endotoxin Note: <0.10 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Bioactivity
• Theoretical MW: 7.8 kDa (major) & 7.3 kDa (minor).
  Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors.

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in Acetonitrile and TFA.
• Purity: >97%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in sterile PBS.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for Recombinant Human CCL4/MIP-1 beta Protein, CF

• ACT2
• ACT-2
• AT744.1
• C-C motif chemokine 4
• CCL4
• chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4
• Exodus-3
• G-26 T-lymphocyte-secreted protein
• G-26
• HC21
• LAG1
• LAG-1
• Lymphocyte activation gene 1 protein
• Macrophage inflammatory protein 1-beta
• MIP1 beta
• MIP-1 beta
• MIP1B
• MIP1B1
• MIP-1-beta
• MIP-1-beta(1-69)
• PAT 744
• Protein H400
• SCYA2
• SCYA4
• secreted protein G-26
• SIS-gamma
• small inducible cytokine A4 (homologous to mouse Mip-1b)
• Small-inducible cytokine A4
• T-cell activation protein 2

Background

CCL4, also known as macrophage inflammatory protein 1 beta (MIP-1 beta ) is a 7.8 kDa beta chemokine that is secreted at sites of inflammation by activated leukocytes, lymphocytes, vascular endothelial cells, and pulmonary smooth muscle cells (1, 2). CCL4 attracts a variety of immune cells to sites of microbial infection as well as to other pathologic inflammation such as allergic asthma and ischemic myocardium (3 - 8). A CCL4 deficiency in mice promotes the development of autoantibodies, possibly as a result of compromised regulatory T cell recruitment (6). CCL4 is secreted from activated monocytes as a heterodimer with CCL3/MIP-1 alpha (9). The first two N-terminal amino acids can be cleaved from human CCL4 by CD26/DPPIV (10, 11). Both the full length and truncated forms exert biological activity through CCR5, and the truncated form additionally interacts with CCR1 and CCR2b (10). In humans, the ability of CCL4 to bind CCR5 inhibits the cellular entry of M-tropic HIV-1 which utilizes CCR5 as a coreceptor (2). Both forms of CCL4 block HIV-1 infection of T cells by inducing the downregulation of CCR5 (10). Mature human CCL4 shares 77% and 80% aa sequence identity with mouse and rat CCL4, respectively. 

1. Rot, A. and U.H. von Andrian (2004) Annu. Rev. Immunol. 22:891.
2. Menten, P. et al. (2002) Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 13:455.
3. Sun, X. et al. (2006) Infec. Immun. 74:5943.
4. Bisset, L.R. and Schmid-Grendelmeier, P. (2005) Curr. Opin. Pulm. Med. 11:35.
5. Frangogiannis, N.G. (2004) Inflamm. Res. 53:585.
6. Bystry, R.S. et al. (2001) Nat. Immunol. 2:1126.
7. Oliveira, S.H.P. et al. (2002) J. Leukoc. Biol. 71:1019.
8. Schall, T.J. et al. (1993) J. Exp. Med. 177:1821.
9. Guan, E. et al. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276:12404.
10. Guan, E. et al. (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277:32348.
11. Guan, E. et al. (2004) J. Cell. Biochem. 92:53.

Publications for CCL4/MIP-1 beta (271-BME/CF)(25)

Publications using 271-BME/CF

• Wellemans V, Benhassou H, Fuselier E, Bellesort F, Dury S, Lebargy F, Dormoy V, Fichel C, Naour R, Gounni A, Lamkhioued B Role of CCR3 in respiratory syncytial virus infection of airway epithelial cells. iScience, 2021-11-14;24(12):103433. 2021-11-14 [PMID: 34917892] (Bioassay, Human)
• M Meena, M Van Delen, M De Laere, A Sterkens, C Costas Rom, Z Berneman, N Cools Transmigration across a Steady-State Blood-Brain Barrie Induces Activation of Circulating Dendritic Cells Partly Mediated by Actin Cytoskeletal Reorganization Membranes, 2021-09-13;11(9):. 2021-09-13 [PMID: 34564517] (Bioassay, Human)
• A Swaims-Koh, AN Sheth, J Brody, FP Hardnett, S Sharma, EW Bonning, I Ofotokun, I Massud, JG García-Ler Proinflammatory oscillations over the menstrual cycle drives bystander CD4 T cell recruitment and SHIV susceptibility from vaginal challenge EBioMedicine, 2021-07-03;69(0):103472. 2021-07-03 [PMID: 34229275] (Bioassay, Human)
• L Marischen, A Englert, AL Schmitt, H Einsele, J Loeffler Human NK cells adapt their immune response towards increasing multiplicities of infection of Aspergillus fumigatus BMC Immunol., 2018-12-18;19(1):39. 2018-12-18 [PMID: 30563459] (Western Blot)
• Benjamin Malard Adsorption as a Contributor for Inflammatory Mediators Removal by Different Hemofiltration Membranes: A Pilot Study Artif Organs, 2016-12-02;0(0):. 2016-12-02 [PMID: 27911005] (Hemofiltration Procedure, Human)
• Del Corno M, Donninelli G, Varano B, Da Sacco L, Masotti A, Gessani S HIV-1 gp120 activates the STAT3/interleukin-6 axis in primary human monocyte-derived dendritic cells. J Virol, 2014-07-09;88(19):11045-55. 2014-07-09 [PMID: 25008924] (Bioassay, Human)
• Alonzo , Francis, Kozhaya , Lina, Rawlings , Stephen, Reyes-Robles , Tamara, DuMont , Ashley L, Myszka , David G, Landau , Nathanie, Unutmaz , Derya, Torres , Victor J CCR5 is a receptor for Staphylococcus aureus leukotoxin ED. Nature, 2012-12-12;493(7430):51-5. 2012-12-12 [PMID: 23235831] (Bioassay, Human)
• Wilson TR, Fridlyand J, Yan Y, Penuel E, Burton L, Chan E, Peng J, Lin E, Wang Y, Sosman J, Ribas A, Li J, Moffat J, Sutherlin DP, Koeppen H, Merchant M, Neve R, Settleman J Widespread potential for growth-factor-driven resistance to anticancer kinase inhibitors. Nature, 2012-07-26;487(7408):505-9. 2012-07-26 [PMID: 22763448] (Bioassay, Human)
• Badr G, Lefevre EA, Mohany M Thymoquinone inhibits the CXCL12-induced chemotaxis of multiple myeloma cells and increases their susceptibility to Fas-mediated apoptosis. PLoS ONE, 2011-09-01;6(9):e23741. 2011-09-01 [PMID: 21912642] (Bioassay, Human)
• Leick M, Catusse J, Follo M, Nibbs RJ, Hartmann TN, Veelken H, Burger M CCL19 is a specific ligand of the constitutively recycling atypical human chemokine receptor CRAM-B. Immunology, 2009-12-02;129(4):536-46. 2009-12-02 [PMID: 20002784] (Bioassay, Human)
• Hartl D, Krauss-Etschmann S, Koller B, Hordijk PL, Kuijpers TW, Hoffmann F, Hector A, Eber E, Marcos V, Bittmann I, Eickelberg O, Griese M, Roos D Infiltrated neutrophils acquire novel chemokine receptor expression and chemokine responsiveness in chronic inflammatory lung diseases. J. Immunol., 2008-12-01;181(11):8053-67. 2008-12-01 [PMID: 19017998] (Bioassay, Human)
• Montecucco F, Steffens S, Burger F, Pelli G, Monaco C, Mach F C-reactive protein (CRP) induces chemokine secretion via CD11b/ICAM-1 interaction in human adherent monocytes. J. Leukoc. Biol., 2008-06-30;84(4):1109-19. 2008-06-30 [PMID: 18591415] (Bioassay, Human)
• Bonecchi R, Borroni EM, Anselmo A, Doni A, Savino B, Mirolo M, Fabbri M, Jala VR, Haribabu B, Mantovani A, Locati M Regulation of D6 chemokine scavenging activity by ligand- and Rab11-dependent surface up-regulation. Blood, 2008-05-14;112(3):493-503. 2008-05-14 [PMID: 18480427] (Bioassay, Human)
• Nobile C, Lind M, Miro F, Chemin K, Tourret M, Occhipinti G, Dogniaux S, Amigorena S, Hivroz C Cognate CD4+ T-cell-dendritic cell interactions induce migration of immature dendritic cells through dissolution of their podosomes. Blood, 2008-01-18;111(7):3579-90. 2008-01-18 [PMID: 18203954] (Bioassay, Human)
• Aldinucci D, Lorenzon D, Cattaruzza L, Pinto A, Gloghini A, Carbone A, Colombatti A Expression of CCR5 receptors on Reed-Sternberg cells and Hodgkin lymphoma cell lines: involvement of CCL5/Rantes in tumor cell growth and microenvironmental interactions. Int. J. Cancer, 2008-02-15;122(4):769-76. 2008-02-15 [PMID: 17935139] (Bioassay, Human)
• Grivel JC, Elliott J, Lisco A, Biancotto A, Condack C, Shattock RJ, McGowan I, Margolis L, Anton P HIV-1 pathogenesis differs in rectosigmoid and tonsillar tissues infected ex vivo with CCR5- and CXCR4-tropic HIV-1. AIDS, 2007;21(10):1263-72. 2007 [PMID: 17545702] (ELISA (Standard), N/A)
• Bayry J, Triebel F, Kaveri SV, Tough DF Human dendritic cells acquire a semimature phenotype and lymph node homing potential through interaction with CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells. J. Immunol., 2007-04-01;178(7):4184-93. 2007-04-01 [PMID: 17371975] (Bioassay, Human)
• Biancotto A, Grivel JC, Iglehart SJ, Vanpouille C, Lisco A, Sieg SF, Debernardo R, Garate K, Rodriguez B, Margolis LB, Lederman MM Abnormal activation and cytokine spectra in lymph nodes of people chronically infected with HIV-1. Blood, 2007-02-08;109(10):4272-9. 2007-02-08 [PMID: 17289812] (ELISA (Standard))
• Catusse J, Parry CM, Dewin DR, Gompels UA Inhibition of HIV-1 infection by viral chemokine U83A via high-affinity CCR5 interactions that block human chemokine-induced leukocyte chemotaxis and receptor internalization. Blood, 2007-01-05;109(9):3633-9. 2007-01-05 [PMID: 17209056] (Bioassay, Human)
• Gounni Abdelilah S, Wellemans V, Agouli M, Guenounou M, Hamid Q, Beck LA, Lamkhioued B Increased expression of Th2-associated chemokines in bullous pemphigoid disease. Role of eosinophils in the production and release of these chemokines. Clin. Immunol., 2006-06-16;120(2):220-31. 2006-06-16 [PMID: 16782408] (ELISA (Standard))
• Nakayama T, Shirane J, Hieshima K, Shibano M, Watanabe M, Jin Z, Nagakubo D, Saito T, Shimomura Y, Yoshie O Novel antiviral activity of chemokines. Virology, 2006-04-17;350(2):484-92. 2006-04-17 [PMID: 16603217] (Binding Assay, Bioassay, Virus)
• Dioszeghy V, Benlhassan-Chahour K, Delache B, Dereuddre-Bosquet N, Aubenque C, Gras G, Le Grand R, Vaslin B Changes in soluble factor-mediated CD8+ cell-derived antiviral activity in cynomolgus macaques infected with simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac251: relationship to biological markers of progression. J. Virol., 2006-01-01;80(1):236-45. 2006-01-01 [PMID: 16352548] (ELISA (Standard))
• Vierboom MP, Zavodny PJ, Chou CC, Tagat JR, Pugliese-Sivo C, Strizki J, Steensma RW, McCombie SW, Celebi-Paul L, Remarque E, Jonker M, Narula SK, Hart B Inhibition of the development of collagen-induced arthritis in rhesus monkeys by a small molecular weight antagonist of CCR5. Arthritis Rheum., 2005-02-01;52(2):627-36. 2005-02-01 [PMID: 15693002] (Bioassay, Primate - Macaca mulatta (Rhesus Macaque))
• Honczarenko M, Le Y, Glodek AM, Silberstein LE CCR5-binding chemokines modulate CXCL12 (SDF-1)-induced responses of progenitor B cells in human bone marrow through heterologous desensitization of the CXCR4 chemokine receptor. Blood, 2002-10-01;100(7):2321-9. 2002-10-01 [PMID: 12239139] (Bioassay, Human)
• Lehner T, Wang Y, Doyle C, Tao L, Bergmeier LA, Mitchell E, Bogers WM, Heeney J, Kelly CG Induction of inhibitory antibodies to the CCR5 chemokine receptor and their complementary role in preventing SIV infection in macaques. Eur. J. Immunol., 1999-08-01;29(8):2427-35. 1999-08-01 [PMID: 10458756] (Bioassay, Primate - Macaca mulatta (Rhesus Macaque))

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: CCL4
• Uniprot:
  • P13236.1()