Recombinant Feline GM-CSF Protein

• Reactivity: Fe
• Applications: Bioactivity

Recombinant Feline GM-CSF Protein Summary

• Details of Functionality: Measured in a cell proliferation assay using TF‑1 human erythroleukemic cells. Kitamura, T. et al. (1989) J. Cell Physiol. 140:323. The ED₅₀ for this effect is 2‑8 ng/mL.
• Source: E. coli-derived feline GM-CSF protein
  Ala18-Lys144 (Met36Ile, Thr56Ala & Lys126Asn), with an N-terminal Met
• Accession #: AAC06041
• N-terminal Sequence: Met
• Protein/Peptide Type: Recombinant Proteins
• Gene: CSF2
• Purity: >95%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain
• Endotoxin Note: <0.10 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Bioactivity
• Theoretical MW: 14.6 kDa.
  Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors.

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with BSA as a carrier protein.
• Purity: >95%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute at 10 μg/mL in sterile PBS containing at least 0.1% human or bovine serum albumin.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for Recombinant Feline GM-CSF Protein

• colony stimulating factor 2 (granulocyte-macrophage)
• Colony-stimulating factor
• CSF
• CSF2
• CSF-2
• GMCSF
• GM-CSF
• GMCSFgranulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor
• granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor
• MGC131935
• MGC138897
• Molgramostim
• molgramostin
• Sargramostim

Background

GM-CSF was initially characterized as a factor that can support the in vitro colony formation of granulocyte-macrophage progenitors. It is also a growth factor for erythroid, megakaryocyte, and eosinophil progenitors. GM-CSF is produced by a number of different cell types (including T cells, B cells, macrophages, mast cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and adipocytes) in response to cytokine or inflammatory stimuli. On mature hematopoietic cells, GM-CSF is a survival factor for and activates the effector functions of granulocytes, monocytes/macrophages, and eosinophils (1, 2). GM-CSF promotes a Th1 biased immune response, angiogenesis, allergic inflammation, and the development of autoimmunity (3 - 5). It shows clinical effectiveness in ameliorating chemotherapy-induced neutropenia, and GM-CSF transfected tumor cells are utilized as cancer vaccines (6, 7). The 22 kDa glycosylated GM-CSF, similar to IL-3 and IL-5, is a cytokine with a core of four bundled alpha -helices (8 - 10). Mature feline GM-CSF shares 52% - 56% amino acid sequence identity with mouse and rat GM-CSF and 67% - 72% canine, human, and porcine GM-CSF. GM-CSF exerts its biological effects through a heterodimeric receptor complex composed of GM-CSF R alpha /CD116 and the signal transducing common beta  chain (CD131) which is also a component of the high-affinity receptors for IL-3 and IL-5 (11, 12). In addition, GM-CSF binds a naturally occurring soluble form of GM-CSF R alpha (13). Feline and human GM-CSF show cross-species activity (14, 15).

1. Martinez-Moczygemba, M. and D.P. Huston (2003) J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 112:653. 
2. Barreda, D.R. et al. (2004) Dev. Comp. Immunol. 28:509. 
3. Eksioglu, E.A. et al. (2007) Exp. Hematol. 35:1163. 
4. Cao, Y. (2007) J. Clin. Invest. 117:2362. 
5. Fleetwood, A.J. et al. (2005) Crit. Rev. Immunol. 25:405. 
6. Heuser, M. et al. (2007) Semin. Hematol. 44:148. 
7. Hege, K.M. et al. (2006) Int. Rev. Immunol. 25:321. 
8. Kaushansky, K. et al. (1992) Biochemistry 31:1881.
9. Diederichs, K. et al. (1991) Science 254:1779.
10. Dunham, S.P. and J. Bruce (2004) Gene 332:97.
11. Onetto-Pothier, N. et al. (1990) Blood 75:59.
12. Hayashida, K. et al. (1990) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 87:9655.
13. Pelley, J.L. et al. (2007) Exp. Hematol. 35:1483.
14. Sprague, W.S. et al. (2005) J. Comp. Pathol. 133:136.
15. Dunham, S.P. and J. Bruce (2004) Gene 332:97.

Publications for GM-CSF (987-FL)(2)

Publications using 987-FL

• Lehman TL, O'Halloran KP, Fallon SA, Habermann LM, Campbell JA, Nordone S, Dean GA, Hoover EA, Avery PR Altered bone marrow dendritic cell cytokine production to toll-like receptor and CD40 ligation during chronic feline immunodeficiency virus infection. Immunology, 2008-09-02;126(3):405-12. 2008-09-02 [PMID: 18775027] (Bioassay, Feline)
• Freer G, Matteucci D, Mazzetti P, Bozzacco L, Bendinelli M Generation of feline dendritic cells derived from peripheral blood monocytes for in vivo use. Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol., 2005-10-01;12(10):1202-8. 2005-10-01 [PMID: 16210484] (Bioassay, Feline)

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: CSF2
• Uniprot:
  • AAC06041()