Recombinant Canine GM-CSF Protein

• Reactivity: Ca
• Applications: Bioactivity

Recombinant Canine GM-CSF Protein Summary

• Details of Functionality: Measured in a cell proliferation assay using TF‑1 human erythroleukemic cells. Kitamura, T. et al. (1989) J. Cell Physiol. 140:323. The ED₅₀ for this effect is 1-4 ng/mL.
• Source: E. coli-derived canine GM-CSF protein
  Ala18-Lys144
• Accession #: P48749.1
• N-terminal Sequence: Ala18
• Protein/Peptide Type: Recombinant Proteins
• Gene: CSF2
• Purity: >97%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain
• Endotoxin Note: <0.01 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Bioactivity
• Theoretical MW: 14.2 kDa.
  Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors.

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with BSA as a carrier protein.
• Purity: >97%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in sterile PBS containing at least 0.1% human or bovine serum albumin.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for Recombinant Canine GM-CSF Protein

• colony stimulating factor 2 (granulocyte-macrophage)
• Colony-stimulating factor
• CSF
• CSF2
• CSF-2
• GMCSF
• GM-CSF
• GMCSFgranulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor
• granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor
• MGC131935
• MGC138897
• Molgramostim
• molgramostin
• Sargramostim

Background

GM-CSF was initially characterized as a factor that can support the in vitro colony formation of granulocyte-macrophage progenitors. It is also a growth factor for erythroid, megakaryocyte, and eosinophil progenitors. GM-CSF is produced by a number of different cell types (including T cells, B cells, macrophages, mast cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and adipocytes) in response to cytokine or inflammatory stimuli. On mature hematopoietic cells, GM-CSF is a survival factor for and activates the effector functions of granulocytes, monocytes/macrophages, and eosinophils (1, 2). GM-CSF promotes a Th1 biased immune response, angiogenesis, allergic inflammation, and the development of autoimmunity (3 - 5). It shows clinical effectiveness in ameliorating chemotherapy-induced neutropenia, and GM-CSF transfected tumor cells are utilized as cancer vaccines (6, 7). The 22 kDa glycosylated GM-CSF, similar to IL-3 and IL-5, is a cytokine with a core of four bundled alpha -helices (8 - 10). Mature canine GM-CSF shares 49% - 57% amino acid sequence identity with mouse and rat GM-CSF and 69% - 72% with feline, human, and porcine GM-CSF. GM-CSF exerts its biological effects through a heterodimeric receptor complex composed of GM-CSF R alpha /CD116 and the signal transducing common beta chain (CD131) which is also a component of the high-affinity receptors for IL-3 and IL-5 (11, 12). In addition, GM-CSF binds a naturally occurring soluble form of GM-CSF R alpha (13). The activity of GM-CSF is species specific between human and mouse, although human GM-CSF is active on canine cells (14, 15).

1. Martinez-Moczygemba, M. and D.P. Huston (2003) J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 112:653.
2. Barreda, D.R. et al. (2004) Dev. Comp. Immunol. 28:509. 
3. Eksioglu, E.A. et al. (2007) Exp. Hematol. 35:1163. 
4. Cao, Y. (2007) J. Clin. Invest. 117:2362.
5. Fleetwood, A.J. et al. (2005) Crit. Rev. Immunol. 25:405.
6. Heuser, M. et al. (2007) Semin. Hematol. 44:148.
7. Hege, K.M. et al. (2006) Int. Rev. Immunol. 25:321.
8. Kaushansky, K. et al. (1992) Biochemistry 31:1881.
9. Diederichs, K. et al. (1991) Science 254:1779.
10. Nash, R.A. et al. (1991) Blood 78:930.
11. Onetto-Pothier, N. et al. (1990) Blood 75:59.
12. Hayashida, K. et al. (1990) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87:9655.
13. Pelley, J.L. et al. (2007) Exp. Hematol. 35:1483.
14. Shanafelt, A.B. et al. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266:13804.
15. Hogge, G.S. et al. (1990) Cancer Gene Ther. 6:26.

Publications for GM-CSF (1546-GM)(11)

Publications using 1546-GM

• Lyu, Q;Veldhuizen, EJA;Ludwig, IS;Rutten, VPMG;van Eden, W;Sijts, AJAM;Broere, F; Characterization of polarization states of canine monocyte derived macrophages PloS one 2023-11-08 [PMID: 37939066] (Bioassay, Canine)
• LW Stranahan, SP Chaki, DG Garcia-Gon, OH Khalaf, AM Arenas-Gam Evaluation of the Efficacy of the Brucella canis RM6/66 deltavjbR Vaccine Candidate for Protection against B. canis Infection in Mice mSphere, 2020-05-20;5(3):. 2020-05-20 [PMID: 32434839] (Bioassay, Canine)
• V Konduri, MM Halpert, YC Baig, R Coronado, JR Rodgers, JM Levitt, B Cerroni, S Piscoya, N Wilson, L DiBernardi, Z Omarbekov, L Seelhoff, V Ravi, L Douglass, WK Decker Dendritic cell vaccination plus low-dose doxorubicin for the treatment of spontaneous canine hemangiosarcoma Cancer Gene Ther., 2019-01-23;0(0):. 2019-01-23 [PMID: 30670791] (Bioassay, Canine)
• AJ Hernández-, MA Franco-Mol, EE Coronado-C, P Zapata-Ben, EM Gamboa, Y Ramos-Zaya, SE Santana-Kr, C Rodríguez- Immunogenic potential of three transmissible venereal tumor cell lysates to prime canine-dendritic cells for cancer immunotherapy Res. Vet. Sci., 2018-10-05;121(0):23-30. 2018-10-05 [PMID: 30316013] (Bioassay, Canine)
• F Heinrich, A Lehmbecker, BB Raddatz, K Kegler, A Tipold, VM Stein, A Kalkuhl, U Deschl, W Baumgärtne, R Ulrich, I Spitzbarth Morphologic, phenotypic, and transcriptomic characterization of classically and alternatively activated canine blood-derived macrophages in vitro PLoS ONE, 2017-08-17;12(8):e0183572. 2017-08-17 [PMID: 28817687] (Bioassay, Canine)
• In Vitro Evaluation of the Biological Responses of Canine Macrophages Challenged with PLGA Nanoparticles Containing Monophosphoryl Lipid A PLoS ONE, 2016-11-11;11(11):e0165477. 2016-11-11 [PMID: 27835636] (Bioassay, Canine)
• Bauer TR, Olson EM, Huo Y Treatment of canine leukocyte adhesion deficiency by foamy virus vectors expressing CD18 from a PGK promoter. Gene Ther., 2011-01-13;18(6):553-9. 2011-01-13 [PMID: 21228879] (Bioassay, Canine)
• Xiong W, Candolfi M, Liu C Human Flt3L generates dendritic cells from canine peripheral blood precursors: implications for a dog glioma clinical trial. PLoS ONE, 2010-06-11;5(6):e11074. 2010-06-11 [PMID: 20552015] (Bioassay, Canine)
• Lange S, Altmann S, Brandt B, Adam C, Riebau F, Vogel H, Weirich V, Hilgendorf I, Storb R, Freund M, Junghanss C Investigation of immunological approaches to enhance engraftment in a 1 Gy TBI canine hematopoietic stem cell transplantation model. Exp. Hematol., 2009-01-01;37(1):143-50. 2009-01-01 [PMID: 19100524] (Bioassay, Canine)
• Choi EW, Koo HC, Shin IS, Chae YJ, Lee JH, Han SM, Lee SJ, Bhang DH, Park YH, Lee CW, Youn HY Preventive and therapeutic effects of gene therapy using silica nanoparticles-binding of GM-CSF gene on white blood cell production in dogs with leukopenia. Exp. Hematol., 2008-06-11;36(9):1091-7. 2008-06-11 [PMID: 18550260] (ELISA (Capture), ELISA (Standard), Canine)
• Choi EW, Shin IS, Chae YJ, Koo HC, Lee JH, Chung TH, Park YH, Kim DY, Hwang CY, Lee CW, Youn HY Effects of GM-CSF gene transfer using silica-nanoparticles as a vehicle on white blood cell production in dogs. Exp. Hematol., 2008-04-02;36(7):807-15. 2008-04-02 [PMID: 18375041] (ELISA (Standard))

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: CSF2
• Uniprot:
  • P48749.1()