Progranulin/PGRN Antibody (296628) [Unconjugated]

Specificity of PGRN antibodies and detection of multiple endogenous GRNs. A, Whole-cell lysates from HAP1 WT and HAP1 PGRN KO cells, either reduced (+TCEP) or nonreduced (-TCEP), were analyzed for PGRN antibody specificity by immunoblot. The bottoms of the blots (<15 kDa) were exposed longer to reveal levels of endogenous GRNs. B, Whole-cell lysates from HEK293T WT and N-TAP PGRN stable overexpressing (PGRN) cells were analyzed as in A by immunoblot. C, Representative immunofluorescent images of HAP1 PGRN KO and WT cells stained with the corresponding PGRN antibodies as in A and B. Scale bar, 10 µm. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following open publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28828399), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by R&D Systems.

Specificity of PGRN antibodies and detection of multiple endogenous GRNs. A, Whole-cell lysates from HAP1 WT and HAP1 PGRN KO cells, either reduced (+TCEP) or nonreduced (-TCEP), were analyzed for PGRN antibody specificity by immunoblot. The bottoms of the blots (<15 kDa) were exposed longer to reveal levels of endogenous GRNs. B, Whole-cell lysates from HEK293T WT and N-TAP PGRN stable overexpressing (PGRN) cells were analyzed as in A by immunoblot. C, Representative immunofluorescent images of HAP1 PGRN KO and WT cells stained with the corresponding PGRN antibodies as in A and B. Scale bar, 10 µm. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following open publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28828399), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by R&D Systems.

• Reactivity: Hu
• Applications: WB, IP
• Clone: 296628
• Clonality: Monoclonal
• Host: Mouse
• Conjugate: Unconjugated
• Concentration: LYOPH

Progranulin/PGRN Antibody (296628) [Unconjugated] Summary

• Immunogen: Mouse myeloma cell line NS0-derived recombinant human Progranulin/PGRN
  Thr18-Leu593
  Accession # P28799
• Specificity: Detects recombinant human Progranulin/PGRN in direct ELISAs and Western blots. In direct ELISAs and Western blots, no cross-reactivity with recombinant mouse Progranulin/PGRN is observed.
• Source: N/A
• Isotype: IgG2a
• Clonality: Monoclonal
• Host: Mouse
• Gene: GRN
• Purity Statement: Protein A or G purified from hybridoma culture supernatant

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Immunoprecipitation 25 ug/mL
  • Western Blot 1 ug/mL

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in Tris and NaCl with Trehalose. *Small pack size (SP) is supplied either lyophilized or as a 0.2 µm filtered solution in PBS.
• Preservative: No Preservative
• Concentration: LYOPH
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute at 0.5 mg/mL in sterile PBS.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for Progranulin/PGRN Antibody (296628) [Unconjugated]

• Acrogranin
• CLN11
• GEP
• GP88
• granulin precursor
• GRN
• PCDGF
• PEPI
• PGRN
• Proepithelin
• Progranulin

Background

Progranulin, also known as acrogranin, PC cell-derived growth factor (PCDGF) and epithelin/granulin precursor, is a ubiquitously expressed, 88 kDa, secreted glycoprotein (1‑3). Structurally, it does not belong to any of the well-established growth factor families (4). Human Progranulin is 593 amino acids (aa) in length and contains a 17 aa signal sequence and 5 potential sites for N-linked glycosylation. It has a highly repetitive organization, containing seven tandem copies of a 55‑57 aa consensus motif that contains 12 conserved cysteine residues: VxCx5-6Cx5CCx8CCx6CCxDx2HCCPx4Cx5-6Cx2 (1). There is one alternate splice form for human Progranulin. This has a deletion of aa corresponding to aa 377‑531 of the standard form. Progranulin is secreted as a full length form (2, 4), and may undergo proteolysis leading to the release of numerous peptides made from the seven tandem repeats, called the granulins (5‑7). Human Progranulin shares 75% aa sequence identity with mouse and rat Progranulin. Progranulin is involved in the regulation of cellular proliferation, as well as differentiation, development, and pathological processes (4). It has been isolated as a differentially expressed gene during mesothelial differentiation (8), macrophage development (9), the development of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis (10), sexual differentiation of the brain (11), and has also been shown to be a mediator of cartilage proliferation and of wound response and tissue repair (4, 12‑13). High levels of Progranulin expression have been found to be associated with several human cancers and are believed to contribute to tumorigenesis in breast cancer, clear cell renal carcinoma, invasive ovarian carcinoma, glioblastoma, adipocyte teratoma, and multiple myeloma
(4‑5, 12, 14‑19). In addition, mutations in the Progranulin gene are a cause of frontotemporal dementia, and increased expression of Progranulin is seen in activated microglia in many neurodegenerative diseases including Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, motor neuron disease and Alzheimer's disease (20). Mutations in Progranulin causing neurodegenerative disease indicate that Progranulin is important for neuronal survival (20).

1. Plowman, G.D. et al. (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267:13073.
2. Zhou, J. et al. (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268:10863.
3. Liu, Y. et al. (2007) BMC Cancer 7:22.
4. Xu, K. et al. (2007) J. Biol. Chem. 282:11347.
5. Davidson, B. et al. (2004) Cancer 100:2139.
6. Zanocco-Marani, T. et al. (1999) Cancer Res. 59:5331.
7. Lu, R. and G. Serrero (2000) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97:3993.
8. Sun, X. et al. (2004) Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 30:510.
9. Barreda, D.R. et al. (2004) Dev. Comp. Immunol. 28:727.
10. Justen, H.P. et al. (2000) Mol. Cell Biol. Res. Commun. 3:165.
11. Suzuki, M. and M. Nishiahara (2002) Mol. Genet. Metab. 75:31.
12. He, Z. et al. (2003) Nat. Med. 9:225.
13. Zhu, J. et al. (2002) Cell 111:867.
14. He, Z. and A. Bateman (2003) J. Mol. Med. 81:600.
15. Bateman, A. et al. (1990) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 173:1161.
16. Gonzalez, E.M. et al. (2003) J. Biol. Chem. 278:38113.
17. Jones, M.B. et al. (2003) Gynecol. Oncol. 88:S136.
18. Wang, W. et al. (2003) Clin. Cancer Res. 9:2221.
19. Zhang, H. and G. Serrero (1998) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95:14202.
20. Baker, M. et al. (2006) Nature 442:916.

Limitations

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

Publications for Progranulin/PGRN Antibody (MAB2420)(7)

Publications using MAB2420

• AM Monteys, AA Hundley, PT Ranum, L Tecedor, A Muehlmatt, E Lim, D Lukashev, R Sivasankar, BL Davidson Regulated control of gene therapies by drug-induced splicing Nature, 2021-07-28;0(0):. 2021-07-28 [PMID: 34321659] (FRET, Mouse)
• JK Götzl, M Brendel, G Werner, S Parhizkar, L Sebastian, G Kleinberge, AV Colombo, M Deussing, M Wagner, J Winkelmann, J Diehl-Schm, J Levin, K Fellerer, A Reifschnei, S Bultmann, P Bartenstei, A Rominger, S Tahirovic, ST Smith, C Madore, O Butovsky, A Capell, C Haass Opposite microglial activation stages upon loss of PGRN or TREM2 result in reduced cerebral glucose metabolism EMBO Mol Med, 2019-06-01;0(0):. 2019-06-01 [PMID: 31122931] (ELISA Detection, Human)
• M Suárez-Cal, A Capell, MÁ Araque Cab, E Morenas-Ro, K Fellerer, N Franzmeier, G Kleinberge, E Eren, Y Deming, L Piccio, CM Karch, C Cruchaga, K Paumier, RJ Bateman, AM Fagan, JC Morris, J Levin, A Danek, M Jucker, CL Masters, MN Rossor, JM Ringman, LM Shaw, JQ Trojanowsk, M Weiner, M Ewers, C Haass CSF progranulin increases in the course of Alzheimer&#039;s disease and is associated with sTREM2, neurodegeneration and cognitive decline EMBO Mol Med, 2018-12-01;0(0):. 2018-12-01 [PMID: 30482868] (ELISA Development (Detection), Human)
• Holler CJ, Taylor G, Deng Q, Kukar T. Intracellular Proteolysis of Progranulin Generates Stable, Lysosomal Granulins that Are Haploinsufficient in Patients with Frontotemporal Dementia Caused by GRN Mutations eNeuro 8/22/2017 [PMID: 28828399]
• Sleegers K, Brouwers N, Van Damme P, Engelborghs S, Gijselinck I, van der Zee J, Peeters K, Mattheijssens M, Cruts M, Vandenberghe R, De Deyn PP, Robberecht W, Van Broeckhoven C Serum biomarker for progranulin-associated frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Ann. Neurol., 2009-05-01;65(5):603-9. 2009-05-01 [PMID: 19288468] (ELISA Development, Human)
• Van Damme P, Van Hoecke A, Lambrechts D, Vanacker P, Bogaert E, van Swieten J, Carmeliet P, Van Den Bosch L, Robberecht W Progranulin functions as a neurotrophic factor to regulate neurite outgrowth and enhance neuronal survival. J. Cell Biol., 2008-03-31;181(1):37-41. 2008-03-31 [PMID: 18378771] (ELISA Development, Human)
• Shankaran SS, Capell A, Hruscha AT, Fellerer K, Neumann M, Schmid B, Haass C Missense mutations in the progranulin gene linked to frontotemporal lobar degeneration with ubiquitin-immunoreactive inclusions reduce progranulin production and secretion. J. Biol. Chem., 2007-11-05;283(3):1744-53. 2007-11-05 [PMID: 17984093] (ICC, Human)

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: GRN
• Uniprot:
  • P28799(Human)