IL-34 Antibody

Recombinant Human IL‑34 (Catalog # 5265-IL) stimulates proliferation in human peripheral blood monocytes in a dose-dependent manner (orange line). Proliferation elicited by Recombinant Human IL‑34 (10 ng/mL) is neutralized (green line) by increasing concentrations of Sheep Anti-Human IL‑34 Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF5265). The ND50 is typically 0.035‑0.175 µg/mL.

Western blot shows lysates of human brain cortex tissue. PVDF membrane was probed with 1 µg/mL of Sheep Anti-Human IL-34 Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF5265) followed by HRP-conjugated Anti-Sheep IgG Secondary Antibody (Catalog # HAF016). A specific band was detected for IL-34 at approximately 45 kDa (as indicated). This experiment was conducted under reducing conditions and using Immunoblot Buffer Group 1.

• Reactivity: Hu
• Applications: WB, B/N
• Clonality: Polyclonal
• Host: Sheep
• Conjugate: Unconjugated
• Concentration: LYOPH

IL-34 Antibody Summary

• Immunogen: Mouse myeloma cell line NS0-derived recombinant human IL‑34
  Asn21-Pro242
  Accession # NP_689669
• Specificity: Detects human IL-34 in direct ELISAs and Western blots. In direct ELISAs, approximately 30% cross-reactivity with recombinant mouse IL-34 is observed.
• Source: N/A
• Isotype: IgG
• Clonality: Polyclonal
• Host: Sheep
• Gene: IL34
• Purity Statement: Antigen Affinity-purified
• Endotoxin Note: <0.10 EU per 1 μg of the antibody by the LAL method.

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Neutralization 0.035-0.175 ug/mL
  • Western Blot 1 ug/mL

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose. *Small pack size (SP) is supplied either lyophilized or as a 0.2 µm filtered solution in PBS.
• Preservative: No Preservative
• Concentration: LYOPH
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute at 0.2 mg/mL in sterile PBS.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for IL-34 Antibody

• C16orf77
• IL34
• IL-34
• interleukin 34

Background

Interleukin 34 (IL-34; also known as uncharacterized protein C16orf77) is secreted as a homodimer consisting of 39 kDa monomers (1). It belongs to no known cytokine family. Human IL-34 is synthesized as a 242 amino acid (aa) precursor that contains a 20 aa signal sequence and a 222 aa mature chain. The mature chain contains one potential site of N-linked glycosylation. Human IL-34 is 71% identical to mouse IL-34 on the amino acid level (1). IL-34 is expressed in various tissues, including the heart, brain, liver, kidney, spleen, thymus, testes, ovary, small intestine, prostate, and colon, and is most abundant in the spleen (1). The receptor for IL-34 is colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF-1R) (1). IL-34 stimulates monocyte proliferation (1). In functional studies, IL-34, like CSF-1, the other ligand for CSF-1R, stimulated phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1 and -2 (ERK1/2) in human monocytes (1). In addition, IL-34 promoted the formation of the colony-forming unit-macrophage (CFU-M), a macrophage progenitor, in human bone marrow cultures (1).

1. Lin, H. et al. (2008) Science 320:807.

Limitations

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

Publications for IL-34 Antibody (AF5265)(5)

Publications using AF5265

• Obst J, Simon E, Martin-Estebane M, Pipi E, Barkwill L, Gonzalez-Rivera I, Buchanan F, Prescott A, Faust D, Fox S, Brownlees J, Taylor D, Perry V, Nuthall H, Atkinson P, Karran E, Routledge C, Gomez-Nicola D Inhibition of IL-34 Unveils Tissue-Selectivity and Is Sufficient to Reduce Microglial Proliferation in a Model of Chronic Neurodegeneration. Front Immunol, 2020-10-08;11(0):579000. 2020-10-08 [PMID: 33162994] (In Vivo, Mouse)
• Douglas G. Walker, Tiffany M. Tang, Lih-Fen Lue Studies on Colony Stimulating Factor Receptor-1 and Ligands Colony Stimulating Factor-1 and Interleukin-34 in Alzheimer's Disease Brains and Human Microglia Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience 8/9/2017 [PMID: 28848420]
• Dong Zhang, Miaomiao Li, Yang Dong, Xinhui Zhang, Xingyun Liu, Zhangming Chen et al. 1 alpha ,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 up-regulates IL-34 expression in SH-SY5Y neural cells Innate Immunity 10/1/2017 [PMID: 28816551]
• Dong Zhang, Miaomiao Li, Yang Dong, Xinhui Zhang, Xingyun Liu, Zhangming Chen et al. 1 alpha ,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 up-regulates IL-34 expression in SH-SY5Y neural cells Innate Immunity 2017-10-01 [PMID: 28816551] (Western Blot, Human)
• Baek J, Zeng R, Weinmann-Menke J, Valerius M, Wada Y, Ajay A, Colonna M, Kelley V IL-34 mediates acute kidney injury and worsens subsequent chronic kidney disease. J Clin Invest, 2015-06-29;125(8):3198-214. 2015-06-29 [PMID: 26121749] (Western Blot, Mouse)

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: IL34
• Uniprot:
  • NP_689669()