IL-34 Antibody [Unconjugated]

Western blot shows lysates of mouse spleen tissue and mouse brain tissue. PVDF membrane was probed with 1 µg/mL of Sheep Anti-Mouse IL-34 Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF5195) followed by HRP-conjugated Anti-Sheep IgG Secondary Antibody (Catalog # HAF016). A specific band was detected for IL-34 at approximately 33 kDa (as indicated). This experiment was conducted under reducing conditions and using Immunoblot Buffer Group 8.

Recombinant Mouse IL‑34 (Catalog # 5195-ML) induces proliferation in the M‑NFS‑60 mouse myelogenous leukemia lymphoblast cell line in a dose-dependent manner (orange line). Proliferation elicited by Recombinant Mouse IL‑34 (100 ng/mL) is neutralized (green line) by increasing concentrations of Sheep Anti-Mouse IL‑34 Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF5195). The ND50 is typically 0.3-1.5 μg/mL.

• Reactivity: Mu
• Applications: WB, B/N
• Clonality: Polyclonal
• Host: Sheep
• Conjugate: Unconjugated
• Concentration: LYOPH

IL-34 Antibody [Unconjugated] Summary

• Immunogen: Mouse myeloma cell line NS0-derived recombinant mouse IL‑34
  Asn21-Pro235
  Accession # Q8R1R4
• Specificity: Detects mouse IL-34 in direct ELISAs and Western blots. In direct ELISAs, approximately 25% cross-reactivity with recombinant human IL-34 is observed.
• Source: N/A
• Isotype: IgG
• Clonality: Polyclonal
• Host: Sheep
• Gene: Il34
• Purity Statement: Antigen Affinity-purified
• Endotoxin Note: <0.10 EU per 1 μg of the antibody by the LAL method.

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Neutralization 0.3-1.5 ug/mL
  • Western Blot 1 ug/mL

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose. *Small pack size (SP) is supplied either lyophilized or as a 0.2 µm filtered solution in PBS.
• Preservative: No Preservative
• Concentration: LYOPH
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute at 0.2 mg/mL in sterile PBS.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for IL-34 Antibody [Unconjugated]

• C16orf77
• IL34
• IL-34
• interleukin 34

Background

Interleukin 34 (IL-34; also known as uncharacterized protein C16orf77 homolog) is a 39 kDa, secreted cytokine that belongs to no known cytokine family (1). Mouse IL-34 is synthesized as a 235 amino acid (aa) precursor with a 20 aa signal sequence and a 215 aa mature chain (SwissProt # Q8R1R4). The mature chain contains two potential sites for N-linked glycosylation. There are three isoforms for IL-34. Isoform 1 (Q8R1R4-1) is the recombinant mouse IL-34 described in this insert. Isoform 2 (Q8R1R4-2) has an 85 aa substitution for the final 101 aa’s in isoform 1, and isoform 3 (Q8R1R4-3) lacks Q81 in isoform 1. Mouse IL-34 is 71% identical to human IL-34 on the amino acid level. IL-34 is expressed in various tissues, including heart, brain, lung, liver, kidney, spleen, thymus, testes, ovary, small intestine, prostate, and colon, and it is most abundant in the spleen (1). The receptor for IL-34 is colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF‑1R) (1). IL-34 stimulates monocyte viability (1). In functional studies, IL-34, like CSF-1, the other ligand for CSF-1R, stimulated phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1 and -2 (ERK1/2) in human monocytes (1). In addition, IL-34 promoted the formation of the colony-forming unit-macrophage (CFU-M), a macrophage progenitor, in human bone marrow cultures (1).

1. Lin, H. et al. (2008) Science 320:807.

Limitations

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

Publications for IL-34 Antibody (AF5195)(12)

Publications using AF5195

• GY Wang, V Garcia, J Lee, J Yanum, J Lin, H Jiang, G Dai Nrf2 deficiency causes hepatocyte dedifferentiation and reduced albumin production in an experimental extrahepatic cholestasis model PLoS ONE, 2022-06-13;17(6):e0269383. 2022-06-13 [PMID: 35696363] (IHC, Western Blot, Mouse)
• Banglao Xu, Xue Lin, Yi Gong, Xiaofei Lai, Lei Ren, Ju Cao Interleukin-34: an important modifier in the pathogenesis of influenza pneumonia Critical Care 12/1/2021 [PMID: 34348768]
• Y Wada, M Iyoda, K Matsumoto, T Suzuki, S Tachibana, N Kanazawa, H Honda Reno-protective effect of IL-34 inhibition on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in mice PLoS ONE, 2021-01-11;16(1):e0245340. 2021-01-11 [PMID: 33428678] (Neutralization, Mouse)
• Pons V, Levesque P, Plante M, Rivest S Conditional genetic deletion of CSF1 receptor in microglia ameliorates the physiopathology of Alzheimer&#039;s disease. Alzheimers Res Ther, 2021-01-05;13(1):8. 2021-01-05 [PMID: 33402196] (Western Blot, Mouse)
• Obst J, Simon E, Martin-Estebane M, Pipi E, Barkwill L, Gonzalez-Rivera I, Buchanan F, Prescott A, Faust D, Fox S, Brownlees J, Taylor D, Perry V, Nuthall H, Atkinson P, Karran E, Routledge C, Gomez-Nicola D Inhibition of IL-34 Unveils Tissue-Selectivity and Is Sufficient to Reduce Microglial Proliferation in a Model of Chronic Neurodegeneration. Front Immunol, 2020-10-08;11(0):579000. 2020-10-08 [PMID: 33162994] (Neutralization, Mouse)
• Bonnardel J, T'Jonck W, Gaublomme D et al.. Stellate Cells, Hepatocytes, and Endothelial Cells Imprint the Kupffer Cell Identity on Monocytes Colonizing the Liver Macrophage Niche Immunity. 10/15/2019 [PMID: 31561945]
  
  Details:
  Citation used the Alexa Fluor 647 format of this antibody.
• WeiYu Lin, Daqi Xu, Cary D. Austin, Patrick Caplazi, Kate Senger, Yonglian Sun et al. Function of CSF1 and IL34 in Macrophage Homeostasis, Inflammation, and Cancer Frontiers in Immunology 2019-09-04 [PMID: 31552020] (ELISA Capture, Mouse)
• Yukihiro Wada, Hilda M. Gonzalez-Sanchez, Julia Weinmann-Menke, Yasunori Iwata, Amrendra K. Ajay, Myriam Meineck et al. IL-34–Dependent Intrarenal and Systemic Mechanisms Promote Lupus Nephritis in MRL-Faslpr Mice Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2/1/2019 [PMID: 30622154]
• S Ogawa, Y Matsuoka, M Takada, K Matsui, F Yamane, E Kubota, S Yasuhara, K Hieda, N Kanayama, N Hatano, H Tokumitsu, M Magari IL-34 cell surface localization regulated by the 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein facilitates the differentiation of monocytic cells J. Biol. Chem., 2018-12-20;0(0):. 2018-12-20 [PMID: 30573681] (Flow Cytometry, Western Blot, Mouse)
• Baek J, Zeng R, Weinmann-Menke J, Valerius M, Wada Y, Ajay A, Colonna M, Kelley V IL-34 mediates acute kidney injury and worsens subsequent chronic kidney disease. J Clin Invest, 2015-06-29;125(8):3198-214. 2015-06-29 [PMID: 26121749] (Bioassay, Neutralization, Mouse)
• Yamane F, Nishikawa Y, Matsui K, Asakura M, Iwasaki E, Watanabe K, Tanimoto H, Sano H, Fujiwara Y, Stanley E, Kanayama N, Mabbott N, Magari M, Ohmori H CSF-1 receptor-mediated differentiation of a new type of monocytic cell with B cell-stimulating activity: its selective dependence on IL-34. J Leukoc Biol, 2013-09-19;95(1):19-31. 2013-09-19 [PMID: 24052571] (Western Blot, Mouse)
• Mizuno T, Doi Y, Mizoguchi H, Jin S, Noda M, Sonobe Y, Takeuchi H, Suzumura A Interleukin-34 selectively enhances the neuroprotective effects of microglia to attenuate oligomeric amyloid-beta neurotoxicity. Am. J. Pathol., 2011-08-26;179(4):2016-27. 2011-08-26 [PMID: 21872563] (Western Blot, Mouse)

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: Il34
• Uniprot:
  • Q8R1R4()