Human LAP (TGF-beta 1) Quantikine ELISA Kit

• Reactivity: Hu
• Applications: ELISA
• Conjugate: HRP

Human LAP (TGF-beta 1) Quantikine ELISA Kit Summary

• Background: The Quantikine Human LAP (TGF-beta 1) Immunoassay is a 4.5 hour solid phase ELISA designed to measure LAP (TGF-beta 1) in acid activated cell culture supernates, serum, plasma, and urine. It contains recombinant human LAP (TGF-beta 1) expressed by CHO cells and has been shown to quantitate the recombinant factor accurately. Results obtained using natural LAP (TGF-beta 1) showed linea...r curves that were parallel to the standard curves obtained using the recombinant kit standards. These results indicate that this kit will provide accurate quantitation for both recombinant and natural human LAP (TGF-beta 1).
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• Specificity: Natural and recombinant human LAP (TGF-beta 1) and Latent TGF-beta 1).
• Source: N/A
• Inter-Assay: See PDF Datasheet for details
• Intra-Assay: See PDF Datasheet for details
• Spike Recovery: See PDF Datasheet for details
• Sample Volume: See PDF Datasheet for details
• Gene: TGFB1

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • ELISA
• Application Notes: No significant interference observed with available related molecules.

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Store the unopened product at 2 - 8 °C. Do not use past expiration date.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for Human LAP (TGF-beta 1) Quantikine ELISA Kit

• CED
• DPD1
• LAP (TGFbeta 1)
• LAP (TGF-beta 1)
• LAP
• TGFB
• TGFB1
• TGFbeta
• transforming growth factor beta 1

Background

TGF- beta 1 (Transforming Growth Factor beta 1) and the closely related TGF-beta 2 and -beta 3 are members of the large TGF-beta superfamily. TGF beta proteins are highly pleiotropic cytokines with distinct, but overlapping, activities regulating processes such as immune function, proliferation, and epithelial mesenchymal transition (1-3). Almost all cells can produce TGF-beta 1, and a particularly high concentration is found in platelets (1-4). Human TGF-beta 1 cDNA encodes a 390 amino acid (aa) precursor that contains a 29 aa signal peptide and a 361 aa proprotein (2). A furin-like convertase processes the proprotein within the trans-Golgi to generate an N-terminal 249 aa latency-associated peptide (LAP) and a C-terminal 112 aa mature TGF- beta 1 (2, 3, 5). Disulfide-linked homodimers of LAP and TGF-beta 1 remain non-covalently associated after secretion, forming the inactive small latent TGF-beta 1 complex (5-12). Covalent linkage of LAP to one of three latent TGF-beta binding proteins (LTBPs) creates a large latent complex that may interact with the extracellular matrix (3, 5-7, 13). TGF-beta activation from latency is controlled both spatially and temporally by multiple pathways that may include the actions of proteases such as plasmin, MMP-2 or MMP-9, adhesion through integrins such as alpha v beta 6 and alpha v beta 8, and/or interaction with Thrombospondin-1 (3, 5, 7, 12-14). 

Recombinant TGF-beta 1 LAP is capable of complexing with and inactivating all other human TGF-beta isoforms and those of most other species (15). The TGF-beta 1 LAP is associated in vivo with TGF-beta 1 and binds >98% of the TGF-beta 1 in circulation (16). Its circulating concentration correlates with that of total TGF-beta 1, making LAP a convenient surrogate in the measurement of TGF-beta 1 (16). LAP is accessible for antibody recognition whether or not TGF-beta 1 is bound. In contrast, latent TGF-beta 1 is surrounded by a LAP "straightjacket", altering its conformation and sequestering it from recognition by receptors or antibodies (4, 8). Acid dissociation of TGF-beta 1 from its LAP is thus required to assay total TGF-beta 1 (4, 16). The LAP portion of human TGF-beta 1 shares 91%, 92%, 85%, 86% and 88% aa identity with porcine, canine, mouse, rat, and equine TGF-beta 1 LAP, respectively, while the mature human TGF-beta 1 portion shares 100% aa identity with porcine, canine, and bovine TGF-beta 1, and 99% aa identity with mouse, rat, and equine TGF-beta 1. Assays for TGF-beta 1 LAP may therefore be more species-specific than assays for mature TGF-beta 1. Assay of human LAP is an especially convenient way to eliminate interference from bovine serum TGF-beta 1 and its LAP in tissue culture media. 

Deletion of the mouse TGF-beta 1 gene is lethal, either due to defective prenatal hematopoiesis and endothelial differentiation, or to postnatal overwhelming inflammation (17). Mutations within the human TGF-beta 1 LAP are associated with Camurati-Engelmann disease, a rare sclerosing bone dysplasia characterized by inappropriate presence of active TGF-beta 1 (7-9, 18). LAP on the surface of immature dendritic cells promotes differentiation and survival of regulatory T cells (T_reg) while inhibiting Th1 cell differentiation (19). Latent TGF-beta 1 is also expressed on the surface of Treg, where it is immobilized by binding of LAP to the alternate latent TGF binding protein, GARP, and contributes to the immunosuppressive role of T_reg (14, 20-23).

⚠ WARNING: This product can expose you to chemicals including N,N-Dimethylforamide, which is known to the State of California to cause cancer. For more information, go to www.P65Warnings.ca.gov.

Publications for LAP (TGF-beta 1) (DLAP00)(6)

Publications using DLAP00

• Malek, E;Rana, PS;Swamydas, M;Daunov, M;Miyagi, M;Murphy, E;Ignatz-Hoover, JJ;Metheny, L;Kim, SJ;Driscoll, JJ; The TGF? type I receptor kinase inhibitor vactosertib in combination with pomalidomide in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma: a phase 1b trial Nature communications 2024-08-27 [PMID: 39191755] (Human)
• Lee, J;Park, J;Chang, Y;Yoon, JP;Chung, SW; Effect of magnetic microbeads on sustained and targeted delivery of transforming growth factor-beta-1 for rotator cuff healing in a rat rotator cuff repair model Scientific reports 2024-07-31 [PMID: 39085278] (Human)
• X Zhang, G Wang, W Wang, C Ran, F Piao, Z Ma, Z Zhang, G Zheng, F Cao, H Xie, D Cui, C Samuel Oko, X Yu, Z Wang, D Zhao Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells paracrine TGF-beta1 to mediate the biological activity of osteoblasts in bone repair Cytokine, 2023-02-02;164(0):156139. 2023-02-02 [PMID: 36738525] (Human)
• RS Moubarak, A de Pablos-, V Ortiz-Bara, Y Gong, M Gowen, I Dolgalev, SAA Shadaloey, D Argibay, A Karz, R Von Itter, EC Vega-Sáenz, E Sokolova, F Darvishian, A Tsirigos, I Osman, E Hernando The histone demethylase PHF8 regulates TGFbeta signaling and promotes melanoma metastasis Science Advances, 2022-02-18;8(7):eabi7127. 2022-02-18 [PMID: 35179962] (Human)
• A Fujiwara, S Funaki, E Fukui, K Kimura, T Kanou, N Ose, M Minami, Y Shintani Effects of pirfenidone targeting the tumor microenvironment and tumor-stroma interaction as a novel treatment for non-small cell lung cancer Sci Rep, 2020;10(1):10900. 2020 [PMID: 32616870] (Human)
• S Wasai, M Sato, M Maehara, E Toyoda, R Uchiyama, T Takahashi, E Okada, Y Iwasaki, S Suzuki, M Watanabe Characteristics of autologous protein solution and leucocyte-poor platelet-rich plasma for the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee Sci Rep, 2020;10(1):10572. 2020 [PMID: 32601400] (Human)

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: TGFB1