Human GM-CSF Quantikine ELISA Kit

• Reactivity: Hu
• Applications: ELISA
• Conjugate: HRP

Human GM-CSF Quantikine ELISA Kit Summary

• Background: The Quantikine Human GM-CSF Immunoassay is a 3.5 or 4.5 hour solid phase ELISA designed to measure GM-CSF levels in cell culture supernates, serum, and plasma. It contains E. coli-expressed recombinant human GM-CSF and antibodies raised against the recombinant factor. It has been shown to quantitate recombinant human GM-CSF accurately. Results obtained using natural human GM-CSF sho...wed linear curves that were parallel to the standard curves obtained using the Quantikine kit standards. These results indicate that this kit can be used to determine relative mass values for natural GM-CSF.
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• Specificity: Natural and recombinant human GM-CSF
• Source: N/A
• Assay Type: Solid Phase Sandwich ELISA
• Inter-Assay: See PDF Datasheet for details
• Intra-Assay: See PDF Datasheet for details
• Spike Recovery: See PDF Datasheet for details
• Sample Volume: See PDF Datasheet for details
• Gene: CSF2

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • ELISA
• Application Notes: No significant interference observed with available related molecules.

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Store the unopened product at 2 - 8 °C. Do not use past expiration date.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for Human GM-CSF Quantikine ELISA Kit

• colony stimulating factor 2 (granulocyte-macrophage)
• Colony-stimulating factor
• CSF
• CSF2
• CSF-2
• GMCSF
• GM-CSF
• GMCSFgranulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor
• granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor
• MGC131935
• MGC138897
• Molgramostim
• molgramostin
• Sargramostim

Background

GM-CSF (Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor) induces the development of monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, and myeloid and dermal dendritic cells. It also acts as a neutrophil and dendritic cell chemoattractant. GM-CSF promotes Th1 and Th17 cell mediated autoimmune inflammation as well as the inflammatory activation of dendritic cells, microglia, alveolar macrophages, and eosinophils. In addition, it cooperates with G-CSF in promoting tumor cell proliferation and invasion. GM-CSF signals through a receptor complex composed of GM-CSF R alpha and the Common beta Chain (beta c) with Syndecan-2 as a potential co-receptor. The beta c subunit is shared by the receptor complexes for IL-3 and IL-5.

⚠ WARNING: This product can expose you to chemicals including N,N-Dimethylforamide, which is known to the State of California to cause cancer. For more information, go to www.P65Warnings.ca.gov.

Publications for GM-CSF (DGM00)(59)

Publications using DGM00

• Kang, JS;Lee, Y;Lee, Y;Gil, D;Kim, MJ;Wood, C;Delorme, V;Lee, JM;Ko, KC;Kim, JH;Lee, MO; Generation of induced alveolar assembloids with functional alveolar-like macrophages Nature communications 2025-04-09 [PMID: 40199883] (Human)
• Parween, F;Singh, SP;Kathuria, N;Zhang, HH;Ashida, S;Otaizo-Carrasquero, FA;Shamsaddini, A;Gardina, PJ;Ganesan, S;Kabat, J;Lorenzi, HA;Riley, DJ;Myers, TG;Pittaluga, S;Bielekova, B;Farber, JM; Migration arrest and transendothelial trafficking of human pathogenic-like Th17 cells are mediated by differentially positioned chemokines Nature communications 2025-02-26 [PMID: 40000641] (Human)
• F Parween, SP Singh, HH Zhang, N Kathuria, FA Otaizo-Car, A Shamsaddin, PJ Gardina, S Ganesan, J Kabat, HA Lorenzi, TG Myers, JM Farber Chemokine positioning determines mutually exclusive roles for their receptors in extravasation of pathogenic human T cells bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology, 2023-02-13;0(0):. 2023-02-13 [PMID: 36789428] (Human)
• C Papagoras, S Tsiami, A Chrysantho, I Mitroulis, X Baraliakos Serum granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is increased in patients with active radiographic axial spondyloarthritis and persists despite anti-TNF treatment Arthritis Research & Therapy, 2022-08-16;24(1):195. 2022-08-16 [PMID: 35974380] (Human)
• N Jirapongwa, S Thongchot, W Chiraphapp, T Chieochans, D Sa-Nguanra, M Warnnissor, P Thuwajit, PT Yenchitsom, C Thuwajit Mesothelin?specific T cell cytotoxicity against triple negative breast cancer is enhanced by 40s ribosomal protein subunit 3?treated self?differentiated dendritic cells Oncology reports, 2022-05-26;48(1):. 2022-05-26 [PMID: 35616135] (Human)
• AV Smirnov, GV Kontsevaya, TA Shnaider, AM Yunusova, NA Feofanova, LA Gerlinskay, IA Serova, OL Serov, NR Battulin Evaluation of the alpha-casein (CSN1S1) locus as a potential target for a site-specific transgene integration Scientific Reports, 2022-05-14;12(1):7983. 2022-05-14 [PMID: 35568783] (Mouse)
• S Zhang, D Dong, Y Zhang, J Wang, L Liu, Y Zhao miR-124-3p relieves allergic rhinitis by inhibiting dipeptidyl peptidase-4 International immunopharmacology, 2021-10-26;101(0):108279. 2021-10-26 [PMID: 34715574] (Human)
• B Cao, M Liu, J Huang, J Zhou, J Li, H Lian, W Huang, Y Guo, S Yang, L Lin, M Cai, C Zhi, J Wu, L Liang, Y Hu, H Hu, J He, B Liang, Q Zhao, K Zhu Development of mesothelin-specific CAR NK-92 cells for the treatment of gastric cancer International journal of biological sciences, 2021-09-03;17(14):3850-3861. 2021-09-03 [PMID: 34671203] (Human)
• W Gao, Z Jin, Y Zheng, Y Xu Psoralen inhibits the inflammatory response and mucus production in allergic rhinitis by inhibiting the activator protein�1 pathway and the downstream expression of cystatin?SN Molecular Medicine Reports, 2021-07-19;24(3):. 2021-07-19 [PMID: 34278468] (Human)
• F Zhou, P Liu, H Lv, Z Gao, W Chang, Y Xu miR-31 attenuates murine allergic rhinitis by suppressing interleukin-13-induced nasal epithelial inflammatory responses Mol Med Rep, 2020-11-12;23(1):. 2020-11-12 [PMID: 33179116] (Human)
• M Drill, KL Powell, LK Kan, NC Jones, TJ O'Brien, JA Hamilton, M Monif Inhibition of purinergic P2X receptor 7 (P2X7R) decreases granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) expression in U251 glioblastoma cells Sci Rep, 2020-09-09;10(1):14844. 2020-09-09 [PMID: 32908225] (Human)
• DH Kim, A Gu, JS Lee, EJ Yang, A Kashif, MH Hong, G Kim, BS Park, SJ Lee, IS Kim Suppressive effects of S100A8 and S100A9 on neutrophil apoptosis by cytokine release of human bronchial epithelial cells in asthma Int J Med Sci, 2020-02-04;17(4):498-509. 2020-02-04 [PMID: 32174780] (Human)
• T Sun, M Ju, X Dai, H Dong, W Gu, Y Gao, R Fu, X Liu, Y Huang, W Liu, Y Chi, W Wang, H Li, Y Zhou, L Shi, R Yang, L Zhang Multilevel defects in the hematopoietic niche in essential thrombocythemia Haematologica, 2019-07-09;0(0):. 2019-07-09 [PMID: 31289202] (Human)
• D Hao, X Wen, L Liu, L Wang, X Zhou, Y Li, X Zeng, G He, X Jiang Sanshool improves UVB-induced skin photodamage by targeting JAK2/STAT3-dependent autophagy Cell Death Dis, 2019-01-08;10(1):19. 2019-01-08 [PMID: 30622245] (Human)
• K Huang, L Ran, W Wang, R Zhou, X Cai, R Li, Y Li, C Zhou, W He, R Wang Glucocorticoid insensitivity by staphylococcal enterotoxin B in keratinocytes of allergic dermatitis is associated with impaired nuclear translocation of the Glucocorticoid Receptor ? J. Dermatol. Sci., 2018-11-26;92(3):272-280. 2018-11-26 [PMID: 30522881] (Human)
• V Kemp, DJM van den Wo, MGM Camps, T van Hall, P Kinderman, N Pronk-van, RC Hoeben Arming oncolytic reovirus with GM-CSF gene to enhance immunity Cancer Gene Ther., 2018-11-23;0(0):. 2018-11-23 [PMID: 30467340]
• G Jordakieva, I Grabovac, E Valic, KE Schmidt, A Graff, A Schuster, K Hoffmann-S, C Oberhuber, O Scheiner, A Goll, J Godnic-Cva Occupational exposure to ultrafine particles in police officers: no evidence for adverse respiratory effects J Occup Med Toxicol, 2018-02-03;13(0):5. 2018-02-03 [PMID: 29434649] (ELISA Capture, Human)
• F Reggiani, V Labanca, P Mancuso, C Rabascio, G Talarico, S Orecchioni, A Manconi, F Bertolini Adipose progenitor cell secretion of GM-CSF and MMP9 promotes a stromal and immunological microenvironment that supports breast cancer progression Cancer Res., 2017-07-28;0(0):. 2017-07-28 [PMID: 28754674] (Human)
• YH Sun, L He, MY Yan, RQ Zhao, B Li, F Wang, Y Yang, HP Yu Overexpression of GLP-1 receptors suppresses proliferation and cytokine release by airway smooth muscle cells of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease via activation of ABCA1 Mol Med Rep, 2017-05-25;0(0):. 2017-05-25 [PMID: 28560433]
• Ingrid C Weel Association between Placental Lesions, Cytokines and Angiogenic Factors in Pregnant Women with Preeclampsia PLoS ONE, 2016-06-17;11(6):e0157584. 2016-06-17 [PMID: 27315098] (Human)
• Pundir P, MacDonald C, Kulka M The Novel Receptor C5aR2 Is Required for C5a-Mediated Human Mast Cell Adhesion, Migration, and Proinflammatory Mediator Production. J Immunol, 2015-08-17;195(6):2774-87. 2015-08-17 [PMID: 26283482] (Human)
• Spampinato S, Obermeier B, Cotleur A, Love A, Takeshita Y, Sano Y, Kanda T, Ransohoff R Sphingosine 1 Phosphate at the Blood Brain Barrier: Can the Modulation of S1P Receptor 1 Influence the Response of Endothelial Cells and Astrocytes to Inflammatory Stimuli? PLoS ONE, 2015-07-21;10(7):e0133392. 2015-07-21 [PMID: 26197437] (Human)
• Park S, Breitbach C, Lee J, Park J, Lim H, Kang W, Moon A, Mun J, Sommermann E, Maruri Avidal L, Patt R, Pelusio A, Burke J, Hwang T, Kirn D, Park Y Phase 1b Trial of Biweekly Intravenous Pexa-Vec (JX-594), an Oncolytic and Immunotherapeutic Vaccinia Virus in Colorectal Cancer. Mol Ther, 2015-06-15;23(9):1532-40. 2015-06-15 [PMID: 26073886] (Human)
• Rudisch A, Dewhurst M, Horga L, Kramer N, Harrer N, Dong M, van der Kuip H, Wernitznig A, Bernthaler A, Dolznig H, Sommergruber W High EMT Signature Score of Invasive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Cells Correlates with NFkappaB Driven Colony-Stimulating Factor 2 (CSF2/GM-CSF) Secretion by Neighboring Stromal Fibroblasts. PLoS ONE, 2015-04-28;10(4):e0124283. 2015-04-28 [PMID: 25919140] (Human)
• Huang , Yao-Huei, Yang , Pei-Ming, Chuah , Qiu-Yu, Lee , Yi-Jang, Hsieh , Yi-Fen, Peng , Chih-Wen, Chiu , Shu-Jun Autophagy promotes radiation-induced senescence but inhibits bystander effects in human breast cancer cells. Autophagy, 2014-04-30;10(7):1212-28. 2014-04-30 [PMID: 24813621] (Human)
• Sawada H, Saito T, Nickel N, Alastalo T, Glotzbach J, Chan R, Haghighat L, Fuchs G, Januszyk M, Cao A, Lai Y, Perez V, Kim Y, Wang L, Chen P, Spiekerkoetter E, Mitani Y, Gurtner G, Sarnow P, Rabinovitch M Reduced BMPR2 expression induces GM-CSF translation and macrophage recruitment in humans and mice to exacerbate pulmonary hypertension. J Exp Med, 2014-01-20;211(2):263-80. 2014-01-20 [PMID: 24446489] (Human)
• Dickinson R, Milne P, Jardine L, Zandi S, Swierczek S, McGovern N, Cookson S, Ferozepurwalla Z, Langridge A, Pagan S, Gennery A, Heiskanen-Kosma T, Hamalainen S, Seppanen M, Helbert M, Tholouli E, Gambineri E, Reykdal S, Gottfreethsson M, Thaventhiran J, Morris E, Hirschfield G, Richter A, Jolles S, Bacon C, Hambleton S, Haniffa M, Bryceson Y, Allen C, Prchal J, Dick J, Bigley V, Collin M The evolution of cellular deficiency in GATA2 mutation. Blood, 2013-12-17;123(6):863-74. 2013-12-17 [PMID: 24345756] (Human)
• Smrz D, Bandara G, Beaven M, Metcalfe D, Gilfillan A Prevention of F-actin assembly switches the response to SCF from chemotaxis to degranulation in human mast cells. Eur J Immunol, 2013-06-04;43(7):1873-82. 2013-06-04 [PMID: 23616175] (Human)
• Chen C, Duckworth C, Zhao Q, Pritchard D, Rhodes J, Yu L Increased circulation of galectin-3 in cancer induces secretion of metastasis-promoting cytokines from blood vascular endothelium. Clin Cancer Res, 2013-02-11;19(7):1693-704. 2013-02-11 [PMID: 23401226] (Human)
• Houser KR, Johnson DK, Ishmael FT Anti-inflammatory effects of methoxyphenolic compounds on human airway cells. J Inflamm (Lond), 2012-03-13;9(0):6. 2012-03-13 [PMID: 22414048] (Human)
• Freund A, Patil CK, Campisi J p38MAPK is a novel DNA damage response-independent regulator of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. EMBO J., 2011-03-11;30(8):1536-48. 2011-03-11 [PMID: 21399611] (Human)
• Huang SJ, Zenclussen AC, Chen CP, Basar M, Yang H, Arcuri F, Li M, Kocamaz E, Buchwalder L, Rahman M, Kayisli U, Schatz F, Toti P, Lockwood CJ The implication of aberrant GM-CSF expression in decidual cells in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Am. J. Pathol., 2010-09-09;177(5):2472-82. 2010-09-09 [PMID: 20829438] (Human)
• Beziat V, Nguyen S, Exley M, Achour A, Simon T, Chevallier P, Sirvent A, Vigouroux S, Debre P, Rio B, Vieillard V, Lubrano-Berthelier C, Alatrakchi N Shaping of iNKT cell repertoire after unrelated cord blood transplantation. Clin. Immunol., 2010-02-13;135(3):364-73. 2010-02-13 [PMID: 20153980] (Human)
• Calmy A, Gayet-Ageron A, Montecucco F, Nguyen A, Mach F, Burger F, Ubolyam S, Carr A, Ruxungtham K, Hirschel B, Ananworanich J HIV increases markers of cardiovascular risk: results from a randomized, treatment interruption trial. AIDS, 2009-05-15;23(8):929-39. 2009-05-15 [PMID: 19425222] (Human)
• Schuster C, Vaculik C, Fiala C, Meindl S, Brandt O, Imhof M, Stingl G, Eppel W, Elbe-Burger A HLA-DR+ leukocytes acquire CD1 antigens in embryonic and fetal human skin and contain functional antigen-presenting cells. J. Exp. Med., 2009-01-12;206(1):169-81. 2009-01-12 [PMID: 19139172] (Human)
• Hartl D, Krauss-Etschmann S, Koller B, Hordijk PL, Kuijpers TW, Hoffmann F, Hector A, Eber E, Marcos V, Bittmann I, Eickelberg O, Griese M, Roos D Infiltrated neutrophils acquire novel chemokine receptor expression and chemokine responsiveness in chronic inflammatory lung diseases. J. Immunol., 2008-12-01;181(11):8053-67. 2008-12-01 [PMID: 19017998] (Human)
• Aranha CC, Gupta SM, Reddy KV Assessment of cervicovaginal cytokine levels following exposure to microbicide Nisin gel in rabbits. Cytokine, 2008-05-29;43(1):63-70. 2008-05-29 [PMID: 18513989] (Rabbit)
• Sorrentino A, Ferracin M, Castelli G, Biffoni M, Tomaselli G, Baiocchi M, Fatica A, Negrini M, Peschle C, Valtieri M Isolation and characterization of CD146+ multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells. Exp. Hematol., 2008-05-27;36(8):1035-46. 2008-05-27 [PMID: 18504067] (Human)
• Makowska JS, Grzegorczyk J, Bienkiewicz B, Wozniak M, Kowalski ML Systemic responses after bronchial aspirin challenge in sensitive patients with asthma. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 2007-12-20;121(2):348-54. 2007-12-20 [PMID: 18086495] (Human)
• Hatfield K, Ryningen A, Corbascio M, Bruserud O Microvascular endothelial cells increase proliferation and inhibit apoptosis of native human acute myelogenous leukemia blasts. Int. J. Cancer, 2006-11-15;119(10):2313-21. 2006-11-15 [PMID: 16921487] (Human)
• Vassina EM, Yousefi S, Simon D, Zwicky C, Conus S, Simon HU cIAP-2 and survivin contribute to cytokine-mediated delayed eosinophil apoptosis. Eur. J. Immunol., 2006-07-01;36(7):1975-84. 2006-07-01 [PMID: 16761316] (Human)
• Pang L, Nie M, Corbett L, Sutcliffe A, Knox AJ Mast cell beta-tryptase selectively cleaves eotaxin and RANTES and abrogates their eosinophil chemotactic activities. J. Immunol., 2006-03-15;176(6):3788-95. 2006-03-15 [PMID: 16517749] (Human)
• Anderson ST, Williams AJ, Brown JR, Newton SM, Simsova M, Nicol MP, Sebo P, Levin M, Wilkinson RJ, Wilkinson KA Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis undetected by tuberculin skin testing. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 2006-02-02;173(9):1038-42. 2006-02-02 [PMID: 16456140] (Human)
• Bartemes KR, Cooper KM, Drain KL, Kita H Secretory IgA induces antigen-independent eosinophil survival and cytokine production without inducing effector functions. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 2005-10-01;116(4):827-35. 2005-10-01 [PMID: 16210057] (Human)
• Ameredes BT, Calhoun WJ Modulation of GM-CSF release by enantiomers of beta-agonists in human airway smooth muscle. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 2005-07-01;116(1):65-72. 2005-07-01 [PMID: 15990776] (Human)
• Kahlon KS, Brown C, Cooper LJ, Raubitschek A, Forman SJ, Jensen MC Specific recognition and killing of glioblastoma multiforme by interleukin 13-zetakine redirected cytolytic T cells. Cancer Res., 2004-12-15;64(24):9160-6. 2004-12-15 [PMID: 15604287] (Human)
• Chen LL, Tager IB, Peden DB, Christian DL, Ferrando RE, Welch BS, Balmes JR Effect of ozone exposure on airway responses to inhaled allergen in asthmatic subjects. Chest, 2004-06-01;125(6):2328-35. 2004-06-01 [PMID: 15189958] (Human)
• Henkel JS, Engelhardt JI, Siklos L, Simpson EP, Kim SH, Pan T, Goodman JC, Siddique T, Beers DR, Appel SH Presence of dendritic cells, MCP-1, and activated microglia/macrophages in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis spinal cord tissue. Ann. Neurol., 2004-02-01;55(2):221-35. 2004-02-01 [PMID: 14755726] (Human)
• Xiao T, Fujita H, Saeki H, Mitsui H, Sugaya M, Tada Y, Kakinuma T, Torii H, Nakamura K, Asahina A, Tamaki K Thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC/CCL17) produced by mouse epidermal Langerhans cells is upregulated by TNF-alpha and IL-4 and downregulated by IFN-gamma. Cytokine, 2003-08-01;23(4):126-32. 2003-08-01 [PMID: 12967648] (Human)
• Lamming CE, 175, Augustin L, Blackstad M, Lund TC, Hebbel RP, Verfaillie CM Spontaneous circulation of myeloid-lymphoid-initiating cells and SCID-repopulating cells in sickle cell crisis. 2003-03-01;111(6):811-9. 2003-03-01 [PMID: 12639987] (Human)
• Hellman C, 107334, Hallden G, Hylander B, Lundahl J Regulation of the interleukin-5 receptor alpha-subunit on peripheral blood eosinophils from healthy subjects. Lagging strand gap suppression connects BRCA-mediated fork protection to nucleosome assembly through PCNA-dependent CAF-1 recycling, 2003-01-01;131(1):75-81. 2003-01-01 [PMID: 12519389] (Human)
• Qu C, Moran TM, Randolph GJ Autocrine type I IFN and contact with endothelium promote the presentation of influenza A virus by monocyte-derived APC. J. Immunol., 2003-01-15;170(2):1010-8. 2003-01-15 [PMID: 12517968] (Human)
• de Revel T, Becard N, Sorg T, Rousseau S, Spano JP, Thiebot H, Methali M, Gras G, Le Grand R, Dormont D Retroviral interleukin 1alpha gene transfer in bone marrow stromal cells in a primate model: induction of myelopoiesis stimulation. Br. J. Haematol., 2002-09-01;118(3):875-84. 2002-09-01 [PMID: 12181061] (Primate - Macaca fascicularis (Crab-eating Monkey or Cynomolgus Macaque))
• Pages F, Lebel-Binay S, Vieillefond A, Deneux L, Cambillau M, Soubrane O, Debre B, Tardy D, Lemonne JL, Abastado JP, Fridman WH, Thiounn N Local immunostimulation induced by intravesical administration of autologous interferon-gamma-activated macrophages in patients with superficial bladder cancer. Clin. Exp. Immunol., 2002-02-01;127(2):303-9. 2002-02-01 [PMID: 11876754] (Human)
• Loeuillet C, Bernard G, Remy-Martin J, Saas P, Herve P, Douay L, Chalmers D Distinct hematopoietic support by two human stromal cell lines. Exp. Hematol., 2001-06-01;29(6):736-45. 2001-06-01 [PMID: 11378269] (Human)
• Sato E, Koyama S Bleomycin stimulates lung fibroblast and epithelial cell lines to release eosinophil chemotactic activity. Eur. Respir. J., 2000-11-01;16(5):951-8. 2000-11-01 [PMID: 11153598] (Human)
• Szabowski A, Maas-Szabowski N, Andrecht S, Kolbus A, Schorpp-Kistner M, Fusenig NE, Angel P c-Jun and JunB antagonistically control cytokine-regulated mesenchymal-epidermal interaction in skin. Cell, 2000-11-22;103(5):745-55. 2000-11-22 [PMID: 11114331] (Human)
• Kadowaki N, Antonenko S, Lau JY, Liu YJ Natural interferon alpha/beta-producing cells link innate and adaptive immunity. J. Exp. Med., 2000-07-17;192(2):219-26. 2000-07-17 [PMID: 10899908] (Human)
• Chopra V, Dinh TV, Hannigan EV Serum levels of interleukins, growth factors and angiogenin in patients with endometrial cancer. J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol., 1997-01-01;123(3):167-72. 1997-01-01 [PMID: 9119882] (Human)

FAQs for GM-CSF (DGM00). (Showing 1 - 1 of 1 FAQs).

1. What is the difference between the Quantikine and Duoset ELISA kits?
   • Our Quantikine kits are fully optimized and validated for the sample types listed on the product specific webpage and datasheet, as this can vary between kits. Each kit is supplied ready to use with one pre-coated 96-well plate, a detection antibody directly conjugated to HRP, and all other necessary reagents. These kits are ideal for researchers who want the convenience of a ready to use and optimized ELISA product. Some of these kits are also available prepackaged in larger 6 and 50 plate sizes.Our DuoSet Kits, in contrast, are ELISA development kits containing the capture and detection antibody, the mass-value calibrated standard, and streptavidin-HRP to prepare approximately 5 or 15 plates. Ancillary reagents will need to be used/purchased, and for most kits, we will recommend one of our Ancillary Reagent Kits, which contain the reagents we use ourselves in-house. DuoSet kits are validated only for cell culture supernatant samples and therefore require further development and validation for accurate measurement in more complex samples such as serum and plasma. Our DuoSet Kits offer an economical, flexible alternative for the experienced ELISA user.

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: CSF2