GDF-15 Antibody (147627) [Unconjugated]

AML cell lines highly express GDF15. a RT-qPCR analysis of different cytokines associated with the regulation of adipogenesis in AML cell lines (K562, THP-1 and HL-60). GAPDH was used as a housekeeping gene. *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001. b and c, RT-qPCR (b) and Western blotting (c) analysis of GDF15 in different cell lines (Kasumi, HL-60, THP-1, K562 and HEL). The densitometry values of protein expression changes were indicated. beta -actin was used as an internal control for RT-qPCR and Western blotting analysis. d ELISA detection of GDF15 expression in the supernatant of THP-1 cells with different cell densities Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following open publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29566722), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by R&D Systems.

The relationship of GDF15 expression and small marrow adipocytes in AML patients. a RT-qPCR analysis of GDF15 mRNA expression in BM from AML patients (n = 15) and the controls (n = 12). The results shown are from three independent experiments. *P < 0.05. b Western blotting analysis of GDF15 protein levels in BM from AML patients and the controls. The densitometry values of protein expression changes were indicated. beta -actin protein was used as an internal control for Western blotting analysis. c and d Representative confocal images showed the expression of GDF15 and leukemic cell markers CD34 (c) or CD117 (d) in BM sections of AML patients. DAPI was used to stain the nuclei. White triangles showed the leukemic cells with GDF15+. White arrows showed the non-leukemic cells with GDF15. Scale bar represents 40 μm. e and f Scatter plot showed the positive correlation of small adipocyte volume (e) or small adipocyte number (f) with the level of GDF15 in BM of AML (n = 20, R = 0.6679, P = 0.0013, or n = 20, R = 0.7205, P = 0.003, Spearman correlation test) Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following open publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29566722), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by R&D Systems.

• Reactivity: Hu, Pm
• Applications: WB, ELISA(Cap)
• Clone: 147627
• Clonality: Monoclonal
• Host: Mouse
• Conjugate: Unconjugated

GDF-15 Antibody (147627) [Unconjugated] Summary

• Immunogen: Chinese hamster ovary cell line CHO-derived recombinant human GDF-15
  Ala197-Ile308
  Accession # Q99988
• Specificity: Detects human GDF-15 in ELISAs and Western blots. In ELISAs, no cross-reactivity with recombinant human GDF‑11, recombinant mouse (rm) GDF‑5, rmGDF‑6, rmGDF‑7, or rmGDF‑8 is observed.
• Source: N/A
• Isotype: IgG2b
• Clonality: Monoclonal
• Host: Mouse
• Gene: GDF15
• Purity Statement: Protein A or G purified from hybridoma culture supernatant

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • ELISA Capture (Matched Antibody Pair) 2-8 ug/mL
  • ELISA Detection (Matched Antibody Pair) 0.1-0.4 ug/mL
  • ELISA Standard (Matched Pair)
  • Western Blot 1 ug/mL
• Application Notes: ELISA Detection: Human GDF-15 Biotinylated Antibody (Catalog number BAF940)
  Standard: Recombinant Human GDF-15 (Catalog number 957-GD)

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose. *Small pack size (SP) is supplied either lyophilized or as a 0.2 µm filtered solution in PBS.
• Preservative: No Preservative
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute at 0.5 mg/mL in sterile PBS.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for GDF-15 Antibody (147627) [Unconjugated]

• GDF15
• GDF-15
• growth differentiation factor 15
• growth/differentiation factor 15
• Macrophage inhibitory cytokine 1
• MIC-1
• MIC-1NSAID-activated gene 1 protein
• MIC1Prostate differentiation factor
• NAG-1
• NAG-1NSAID-regulated gene 1 protein
• NSAID (nonsteroidal inflammatory drug)-activated protein 1
• PDF
• PDFGDF-15
• PLAB
• PLABNRG-1
• Placental bone morphogenetic protein
• Placental TGF-beta
• PTGF-beta
• PTGFBPTGF-beta

Background

Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF-15), also called Macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (MIC-1), placental transforming growth factor-beta , prostate-derived factor, and placental bone morphogenetic protein, is a divergent member of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta ) superfamily. GDF-15 is highly expressed in placenta and is expressed at lower levels in kidney, pancreas, prostate and colon. It is also widely expressed in brain. Similarly to other TGF-beta family proteins, GDF-15 is synthesized as a large precursor protein that is cleaved at the dibasic cleavage site (RXXR) to release the carboxy-terminal domain. The carboxy-terminal domain of GDF-15 contains the characteristic seven conserved cysteine residues necessary for the formation of the cysteine knot and the single interchain disulfide bond. Furthermore, the carboxy-terminal domain contains two additional cysteine residues that form a fourth intrachain disulfide bond. Biologically active GDF-15 is a disulfide-linked homodimer of the carboxy-terminal 112 amino acid residues. Mature human GDF-15 shares 66.1% and 68.7% amino acid sequence similarity with rat and mouse GDF-15, respectively, which are remarkably low homologies between species in TGF-beta superfamily. GDF-15 has been shown to have various functions, including inhibition of production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha ) from lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages, induction of cartilage formation, early-stage endochonadal bone formation, and promotion of neuronal survival.

1. Bootcov, M.R. et al. (1997) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94:11514.
2. Böttner, M. et al. (1999) Gene 237:105.
3. Fairlie, W.D. et al. (1998) J. Leukoc. Biol 65:2.
4. Fairlie, W.D. et al. (2001) J B.C 20:16911.
5. Bauskin, A.R. et al. (2000) EMBO J. 19:2212.
6. Strelau, J. et al. (2000) J. Neurosci. 20:8597.
7. Schober, A. et al. (2001) J. Comp. Neurol. 439:32.

Limitations

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

Publications for GDF-15 Antibody (MAB957)(17)

Publications using MAB957

• Wang, SF;Chang, YL;Fang, WL;Li, AF;Chen, CF;Yeh, TS;Hung, GY;Huang, KH;Lee, HC; Growth differentiation factor 15 induces cisplatin resistance through upregulation of xCT expression and glutathione synthesis in gastric cancer Cancer science 2023-06-01 [PMID: 37260027] (Western Blot, Neutralization, Human)
• A Radwanska, CT Cottage, A Piras, C Overed-Say, C Sihlbom, R Budida, C Wrench, J Connor, S Monkley, P Hazon, H Schluter, MJ Thomas, CM Hogaboam, LA Murray Increased expression and accumulation of GDF15 in IPF extracellular matrix contribute to fibrosis JCI Insight, 2022-08-22;7(16):. 2022-08-22 [PMID: 35993367] (In Vivo, Mouse)
• Jae Seung Chang, Eunha Chang, Yoonsuk Lee, Yong Sung Cha, Seung-Kuy Cha, Won Gil Cho et al. Hyperbaric Oxygen Exposure Attenuates Circulating Stress Biomarkers: A Pilot Interventional Study International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 10/27/2020 [PMID: 33120884]
• Jyun-Yuan Huang, Yen-Yun Wang, Steven Lo, Ling-Ming Tseng, Dar-Ren Chen, Yi-Chia Wu et al. Visfatin Mediates Malignant Behaviors through Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Intermediary in Breast Cancer Cancers (Basel) 12/20/2019 [PMID: 31861872]
• A Melvin, E Lacerda, HM Dockrell, S O'Rahilly, L Nacul Circulating levels of GDF15 in patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome J Transl Med, 2019-12-04;17(1):409. 2019-12-04 [PMID: 31801546] (ELISA Capture, Human)
• Guangfu Chen, Min Wang, Xiang Liu GDF15 promotes osteosarcoma cell migration and invasion by regulating the TGF‑ beta signaling pathway Molecular Medicine Reports 9/10/2019 [PMID: 31545486]
• Guangfu Chen, Min Wang, Xiang Liu GDF15 promotes osteosarcoma cell migration and invasion by regulating the TGF‑ beta signaling pathway Molecular Medicine Reports 2019-09-10 [PMID: 31545486] (Western Blot, ELISA Capture, Human)
• OE Olsen, A Skjærvik, BF Størdal, A Sundan, T Holien TGF-? contamination of purified recombinant GDF15 PLoS ONE, 2017-11-21;12(11):e0187349. 2017-11-21 [PMID: 29161287] (Neutralization, Human)
• Chen Li, Xiaobing Wang, Ignacio Casal, Jingyu Wang, Peiwei Li, Wei Zhang et al. Growth differentiation factor 15 is a promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in colorectal cancer Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine 8/1/2016 [PMID: 26990020]
• Walter Maetzler, Willy Deleersni, Valérie Hanssens, Alice Bernard, Kathrin Brockmann, Justus Marquetan, Isabel Wurster, Tim W Rattay, Lorenzo Roncoroni, Eva Schaeffer, Stefanie Lerche, Anja Apel, Christian Deuschle, Daniela Berg GDF15/MIC1 and MMP9 Cerebrospinal Fluid Levels in Parkinson&#039;s Disease and Lewy Body Dementia. PLoS ONE, 2016-03-03;0(0):1932-6203. 2016-03-03 [PMID: 26938614] (Luminex Development, Human)
• Chen Li, Jingyu Wang, Jianlu Kong, Jinlong Tang, Yihua Wu, Enping Xu et al. GDF15 promotes EMT and metastasis in colorectal cancer Oncotarget 1/5/2016 [PMID: 26497212]
• Uchiyama T, Kawabata H, Miura Y et al. The role of growth differentiation factor 15 in the pathogenesis of primary myelofibrosis. Cancer Med 10/1/2015 [PMID: 26276681]
• Li , Ji, Veltri , Robert W, Yuan , Zhen, Christudass , Christhu, Mandecki , Wlodek Macrophage inhibitory cytokine 1 biomarker serum immunoassay in combination with PSA is a more specific diagnostic tool for detection of prostate cancer. PLoS ONE, 2015-04-08;10(4):e0122249. 2015-04-08 [PMID: 25853582] (ELISA Development (Capture), Human)
• Tanno , Toshihik, Lim , Yiting, Wang , Qiuju, Chesi , Marta, Bergsagel , P Leif, Matthews , Geoff, Johnstone , Ricky W, Ghosh , Nilanjan, Borrello , Ivan, Huff , Carol An, Matsui , William Growth differentiating factor 15 enhances the tumor-initiating and self-renewal potential of multiple myeloma cells. Blood, 2013-12-17;123(5):725-33. 2013-12-17 [PMID: 24345755] (Neutralization, Human)
• Mingguo Huang, Shintaro Narita, Takamitsu Inoue, Norihiko Tsuchiya, Shigeru Satoh, Hiroshi Nanjo et al. Diet-induced macrophage inhibitory cytokine 1 promotes prostate cancer progression Endocrine-Related Cancer 2/1/2014 [PMID: 24344250]
• Foley PW, Stegemann B, Ng K, Ramachandran S, Proudler A, Frenneaux MP, Ng LL, Leyva F Growth differentiation factor-15 predicts mortality and morbidity after cardiac resynchronization therapy. Eur. Heart J., 2009-08-07;30(22):2749-57. 2009-08-07 [PMID: 19666898] (ELISA Development, Human)
• Khan SQ, Ng K, Dhillon O, Kelly D, Quinn P, Squire IB, Davies JE, Ng LL Growth differentiation factor-15 as a prognostic marker in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Eur. Heart J., 2009-01-23;30(9):1057-65. 2009-01-23 [PMID: 19168526] (ELISA Development, Human)

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: GDF15
• Uniprot:
  • Q99988()