Dkk-1 Antibody [Unconjugated]

Western blot shows lysates of MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line, HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, A431 human epithelial carcinoma cell line, and A549 human lung carcinoma cell line. PVDF membrane was probed with 1 µg/mL of Goat Anti-Human/Mouse Dkk-1 Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF1096) followed by HRP-conjugated Anti-Goat IgG Secondary Antibody (Catalog # HAF017). Specific bands were detected for Dkk-1 at approximately 28-40 kDa (as indicated). This experiment was conducted under reducing conditions and using Immunoblot Buffer Group 1.

Western blot shows lysates of Neuro-2A mouse neuroblastoma cell line. PVDF membrane was probed with 1 µg/mL of Goat Anti-Human/Mouse Dkk-1 Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF1096) followed by HRP-conjugated Anti-Goat IgG Secondary Antibody (Catalog # HAF017). Specific bands were detected for Dkk-1 at approximately 28-40 kDa (as indicated). This experiment was conducted under reducing conditions and using Immunoblot Buffer Group 1.

Western blot shows lysates of HeLa human cervical epithelial carcinoma parental cell line and Dkk-1 knockout HeLa cell line (KO). PVDF membrane was probed with 0.2 µg/mL of Goat Anti-Human/Mouse Dkk-1 Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF1096) followed by HRP-conjugated Anti-Goat IgG Secondary Antibody (Catalog # HAF017). A specific band was detected for Dkk-1 at approximately 35 kDa (as indicated) in the parental HeLa cell line, but is not detectable in knockout HeLa cell line. GAPDH (Catalog # AF5718) is shown as a loading control. This experiment was conducted under reducing conditions and using Immunoblot Buffer Group 1.

• Reactivity: Hu, Mu
• Applications: WB, B/N, KO
• Clonality: Polyclonal
• Host: Goat
• Conjugate: Unconjugated
• Concentration: LYOPH

Dkk-1 Antibody [Unconjugated] Summary

• Immunogen: S. frugiperda insect ovarian cell line Sf 21-derived recombinant human Dkk-1
  Thr32-His266
  Accession # O94907
• Specificity: Detects human and mouse Dkk-1 in direct ELISAs and Western blots. In direct ELISAs, less than 1% cross-reactivity with recombinant human (rh) Dkk-2, and rhDkk-4 is observed.
• Source: N/A
• Isotype: IgG
• Clonality: Polyclonal
• Host: Goat
• Gene: DKK1
• Purity Statement: Antigen Affinity-purified
• Endotoxin Note: <0.10 EU per 1 μg of the antibody by the LAL method.

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Blockade of Receptor-ligand Interaction
  • Knockout Validated
  • Western Blot 1 ug/mL

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose. *Small pack size (SP) is supplied either lyophilized or as a 0.2 µm filtered solution in PBS.
• Preservative: No Preservative
• Concentration: LYOPH
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute at 0.2 mg/mL in sterile PBS.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for Dkk-1 Antibody [Unconjugated]

• dickkopf (Xenopus laevis) homolog 1
• dickkopf homolog 1 (Xenopus laevis)
• dickkopf related protein-1
• Dickkopf-1
• dickkopf-related protein 1
• Dkk1
• Dkk-1
• hDkk-1
• SKdickkopf-1 like

Background

Dickkopf related protein 1 (Dkk-1) is a member of the Dkk protein family that includes Dkk-1, -2, -3, and -4 (1). All four members are secreted proteins that are synthesized as precursor proteins with an N-terminal signal peptide and 2 conserved cysteine-rich domains, which are separated by a linker region. Dkk proteins have potential furin type proteolytic cleavage sites, and short forms of Dkk-2 and Dkk-4 containing only the second cysteine-rich domain can be generated by proteolytic processing (1). Dkk proteins have distinct patterns of expression in adult and embryonic tissues, suggesting that they may play diverse roles in these tissues. The Dkk proteins have distinct effects on Wnt signaling. Dkk-1 and Dkk-4 are Wnt antagonists. Dkk-3 has not been demonstrated to affect Wnt signaling, and Dkk-2 acts as an agonist or antagonist, depending on the cellular context. Wnt signaling regulates many important developmental processes including neural crest differentiation, brain development, kidney morphogenesis, and sex determination. In addition, Wnt signaling has also been implicated in tumor formation. Canonical Wnt signaling via the beta-catenin pathway is transduced by a receptor complex composed of the Frizzled proteins (Fz) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-related proteins (LRP5/6) (2, 3). Unlike many soluble Wnt antagonists that function by binding extracellular Wnt ligands to prevent interaction of Wnt with the Fz-LRP5/6 receptor complex, Dkk-1 and Dkk-4 antagonize Wnt/ beta -catenin signaling by direct high-affinity binding to the Wnt coreceptor LRP5/6 and inhibiting interaction of LRP5/6 with the Wnt-Frizzled complex (4). Dkk-1 and Dkk-4 also bind the transmembrane proteins Kremen1 (Krm1) and Krm2 with high-affinity (5). Krm2 has been shown to form a ternary complex with Dkk-1 or -4 and LRP5/6 to trigger internalization of the complex and removal LRP6 from the cell surface. Thus, Dkk-1/4 and Kremens function synergistically to antagonize LRP5/6-mediated Wnt activity. Dkk-2 also binds to LRP5/6 and the Kremens, but Dkk-2 acts as antagonist of the Wnt signaling pathway only in the presence of Krm2 (5, 6). Dkk 2 binding to LRP5/6 in the absence of Krm2 activates rather than inhibits Wnt signaling (6).

1. Krupnik, V.E. et al. (1999) Gene 238:301.
2. Zorn, A.M (2001) Current Biology R592.
3. Mao, J. et al. (2001) Mol. Cell 7:801.
4. Nusse, R. et al. (2001) Nature 411:255.
5. Mao, J. et al. (2002) Nature 417:664.
6. Mao, B. and C. Niehrs (2003) Gene 302:179.

Limitations

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

Publications for Dkk-1 Antibody (AF1096)(24)

Publications using AF1096

• Liu, R;Shi, X;Qian, S;Sun, Z;Dai, H;Wu, Y;Cao, S;Luo, J;Zhang, Z; Tumor cells induce neural DKK1 expression to promote MDSC infiltration and subsequent T cell suppression Cellular signalling 2024-12-20 [PMID: 39710089] (Neutralization, Mouse)
• Sung, EA;Dozmorov, MG;Song, S;Aung, T;Park, MH;Sime, PJ;Chae, WJ; Ablation of LRP6 in alpha-smooth muscle actin-expressing cells abrogates lung inflammation and fibrosis upon bleomycin-induced lung injury bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology 2024-09-10 [PMID: 39314349] (Western Blot, Transgenic Mouse)
• YC Hsu, CC Chang, CC Hsieh, YT Huang, YH Shih, HC Chang, PJ Chang, CL Lin Dickkopf-1 Acts as a Profibrotic Mediator in Progressive Chronic Kidney Disease International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2023-04-21;24(8):. 2023-04-21 [PMID: 37108841] (Western Blot, Mouse)
• Degang Yu, Shuhong Zhang, Chao Ma, Sen Huang, Long Xu, Jun Liang et al. CCL3 in the bone marrow microenvironment causes bone loss and bone marrow adiposity in aged mice JCI Insight 2023-01-10 [PMID: 36378535] (Neutralization, Mouse)
• Degang Yu, Shuhong Zhang, Chao Ma, Sen Huang, Long Xu, Jun Liang et al. CCL3 in the bone marrow microenvironment causes bone loss and bone marrow adiposity in aged mice JCI Insight 1/10/2023 [PMID: 36378535]
• JH Won, JS Choi, JI Jun CCN1 interacts with integrins to regulate intestinal stem cell proliferation and differentiation Nature Communications, 2022-06-03;13(1):3117. 2022-06-03 [PMID: 35660741] (Neutralizing, Mouse)
• Hyunjoon Kim, Soohyun Jang, Young-suk Lee The m6A(m)-independent role of FTO in regulating WNT signaling pathways Life Science Alliance 5/1/2022 [PMID: 35169043]
• Gianluca Amadei, Kasey Y.C. Lau, Joachim De Jonghe, Carlos W. Gantner, Berna Sozen, Christopher Chan et al. Inducible Stem-Cell-Derived Embryos Capture Mouse Morphogenetic Events In Vitro Developmental Cell 2/8/2021 [PMID: 33378662]
• A Claveria-C, L Colyn, I Uriarte, MU Latasa, M Arechederr, JM Herranz, L Alvarez, JM Urman, ML Martinez-C, JM Banales, B Sangro, K Rombouts, J Oyarzabal, JJG Marin, C Berasain, MA Avila, MG Fernandez- Dual Pharmacological Targeting of HDACs and PDE5 Inhibits Liver Disease Progression in a Mouse Model of Biliary Inflammation and Fibrosis Cancers, 2020-12-13;12(12):. 2020-12-13 [PMID: 33322158] (Western Blot, Human)
• S Jumpertz, T Hennes, Y Asare, AK Schütz, J Bernhagen CSN5/JAB1 suppresses the WNT inhibitor DKK1 in colorectal cancer cells Cell. Signal, 2017-02-14;0(0):. 2017-02-14 [PMID: 28229932] (Bioassay, Human)
• Bulk cell density and Wnt/TGFbeta signalling regulate mesendodermal patterning of human pluripotent stem cells Nat Commun, 2016-12-09;7(0):13602. 2016-12-09 [PMID: 27934856] (Western Blot, Human)
• A J Browne, A Göbel, S Thiele, L C Hofbauer, M Rauner, T D Rachner p38 MAPK regulates the Wnt inhibitor Dickkopf-1 in osteotropic prostate cancer cells Cell Death & Disease 2/25/2016 [PMID: 26913608]
• Zhang H, Yu C, Dai J, Keller J, Hua A, Sottnik J, Shelley G, Hall C, Park S, Yao Z, Zhang J, McCauley L, Keller E Parathyroid hormone-related protein inhibits DKK1 expression through c-Jun-mediated inhibition of beta-catenin activation of the DKK1 promoter in prostate cancer. Oncogene, 2013-06-10;33(19):2464-77. 2013-06-10 [PMID: 23752183] (Western Blot, Human)
• Ravindranath A, Yuen HF, Chan KK, Grills C, Fennell DA, Lappin TR, El-Tanani M Wnt-beta-catenin-Tcf-4 signalling-modulated invasiveness is dependent on osteopontin expression in breast cancer. Br. J. Cancer, 2011-07-19;105(4):542-51. 2011-07-19 [PMID: 21772333] (Western Blot, Human)
• Scheel C, Eaton E, Li S, Chaffer C, Reinhardt F, Kah K, Bell G, Guo W, Rubin J, Richardson A, Weinberg R Paracrine and autocrine signals induce and maintain mesenchymal and stem cell states in the breast. Cell, 2011-06-10;145(6):926-40. 2011-06-10 [PMID: 21663795] (Neutralization, Human)
• Zhang K, Watanabe M, Kashiwakura Y, Li SA, Edamura K, Huang P, Yamaguchi K, Nasu Y, Kobayashi Y, Sakaguchi M, Ochiai K, Yamada H, Takei K, Ueki H, Huh NH, Li M, Kaku H, Na Y, Kumon H Expression pattern of REIC/Dkk-3 in various cell types and the implications of the soluble form in prostatic acinar development. Int. J. Oncol., 2010-12-01;37(6):1495-501. 2010-12-01 [PMID: 21042718] (Western Blot, Human)
• Choi W, Wolber R, Gerwat W The fibroblast-derived paracrine factor neuregulin-1 has a novel role in regulating the constitutive color and melanocyte function in human skin. J. Cell. Sci., 2010-08-24;123(0):3102-11. 2010-08-24 [PMID: 20736300] (Western Blot, Human)
• Lee N, Smolarz AJ, Olson S, David O, Reiser J, Kutner R, Daw NC, Prockop DJ, Horwitz EM, Gregory CA A potential role for Dkk-1 in the pathogenesis of osteosarcoma predicts novel diagnostic and treatment strategies. Br. J. Cancer, 2007-11-06;97(11):1552-9. 2007-11-06 [PMID: 17987039] (IHC-P, Immunodepletion, Western Blot, Human)
• Matushansky I, Hernando E, Socci ND, Mills JE, Matos TA, Edgar MA, Singer S, Maki RG, Cordon-Cardo C Derivation of sarcomas from mesenchymal stem cells via inactivation of the Wnt pathway. J. Clin. Invest., 2007-11-01;117(11):3248-57. 2007-11-01 [PMID: 17948129] (IHC-P, Western Blot, Human)
• Lane NE, Nevitt MC, Lui LY, de Leon P, Corr M Wnt signaling antagonists are potential prognostic biomarkers for the progression of radiographic hip osteoarthritis in elderly Caucasian women. Arthritis Rheum., 2007-10-01;56(10):3319-25. 2007-10-01 [PMID: 17907185] (ELISA Development, Human)
• Li ZG, Yang J, Vazquez ES, Rose D, Vakar-Lopez F, Mathew P, Lopez A, Logothetis CJ, Lin SH, Navone NM Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) mediates the prostate cancer-induced formation of new bone. Oncogene, 2007-08-13;27(5):596-603. 2007-08-13 [PMID: 17700537] (IHC, Western Blot, Human, Mouse)
• Knobloch J, Shaughnessy JD, Ruther U Thalidomide induces limb deformities by perturbing the Bmp/Dkk1/Wnt signaling pathway. FASEB J., 2007-02-05;21(7):1410-21. 2007-02-05 [PMID: 17283219] (Neutralization, Chicken)
• Naot D, Bava U, Matthews B, Callon KE, Gamble GD, Black M, Song S, Pitto RP, Cundy T, Cornish J, Reid IR Differential gene expression in cultured osteoblasts and bone marrow stromal cells from patients with Paget&apos;s disease of bone. J. Bone Miner. Res., 2007-02-01;22(2):298-309. 2007-02-01 [PMID: 17129176] (ELISA Development, Human)
• Thompson MC, Fuller C, Hogg TL, Dalton J, Finkelstein D, Lau CC, Chintagumpala M, Adesina A, Ashley DM, Kellie SJ, Taylor MD, Curran T, Gajjar A, Gilbertson RJ Genomics identifies medulloblastoma subgroups that are enriched for specific genetic alterations. J. Clin. Oncol., 2006-03-27;24(12):1924-31. 2006-03-27 [PMID: 16567768] (IHC, Human)

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: DKK1
• Uniprot:
  • O94907()