Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase/DLD Antibody (1016619) [Unconjugated]

Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase/DLD was detected in immersion fixed HeLa human cervical epithelial carcinoma cell line using Mouse Anti-Human Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase/DLD Monoclonal Antibody (Catalog # MAB8646) at 8 µg/mL for 3 hours at room temperature. Cells were stained using the NorthernLights™ 557-conjugated Anti-Mouse IgG Secondary Antibody (red; Catalog # NL007) and counterstained with DAPI (blue). Specific staining was localized to cytoplasm. View our protocol for Fluorescent ICC Staining of Cells on Coverslips.

Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase/DLD was detected in immersion fixed paraffin-embedded sections of human liver tissue using Mouse Anti-Human Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase/DLD Monoclonal Antibody (Catalog # MAB8646) at 5 µg/mL for 1 hour at room temperature followed by incubation with the Anti-Mouse IgG VisUCyte™ HRP Polymer Antibody (Catalog # VC001). Before incubation with the primary antibody, tissue was subjected to heat-induced epitope retrieval using Antigen Retrieval Reagent-Basic (Catalog # CTS013). Tissue was stained using DAB (brown) and counterstained with hematoxylin (blue). Specific staining was localized to cytoplasm and nuclei in hepatocytes. View our protocol for IHC Staining with VisUCyte HRP Polymer Detection Reagents.

• Reactivity: Hu
• Applications: IHC, ICC/IF
• Clone: 1016619
• Clonality: Monoclonal
• Host: Mouse
• Conjugate: Unconjugated

Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase/DLD Antibody (1016619) [Unconjugated] Summary

• Immunogen: E. coli-derived human Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase/DLD
  Ala36-Phe509
  Accession # P09622
• Specificity: Detects human Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase/DLD in direct ELISAs.
• Source: N/A
• Isotype: IgG2b
• Clonality: Monoclonal
• Host: Mouse
• Purity Statement: Protein A or G purified from hybridoma culture supernatant

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Immunocytochemistry 5-25 ug/mL
  • Immunohistochemistry 5-25 ug/mL

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose. *Small pack size (SP) is supplied either lyophilized or as a 0.2 µm filtered solution in PBS.
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute at 0.5 mg/mL in sterile PBS.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase/DLD Antibody (1016619) [Unconjugated]

• 2-oxo-glutarate complex, branched chain keto acid dehydrogenase complex)
• branched chain keto acid dehydrogenase complex
• Diaphorase
• dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3 component of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
• Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase
• dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenasemitochondrial
• DLD
• DLDD
• DLDH
• E3 component of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, 2-oxo-glutarate complex
• E3
• EC 1.8.1
• EC 1.8.1.4
• GCSL
• Glycine cleavage system L protein
• glycine cleavage system protein L
• LAD
• Lipoamide Dehydrogenase
• lipoamide reductase
• lipoyl dehydrogenase
• PHE3

Background

Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLD), also known as LADH, is an NAD-dependent oxidoreductase in the mitochondrial matrix (1). DLD serves as the E3 subunit of four mitochondrial enzyme complexes: pyruvate dehydrogenase, alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, branched chain alpha-ketotacid dehydrogenase, and the glycine cleavage system (2, 3). It is active as a 120 kDa dimer that catalyzes oxidation within these enzyme complexes. Several mutations of human DLD have been described, some of which contribute to the loss of respiratory function during oxidative stress (4, 5). DLD mutations located at the interface between dimer subunits can impair dimer formation (5, 6). The involvement of DLD in the regulation of lipid peroxidation and lactate metabolism is important for mouse hippocampal neuroblast proliferation and hamster sperm capacitation, respectively (7, 8). DLD polymorphisms in insects can increase their resistance to the pesticide phosphine gas, while they can increase the sensitivity to arsenite in the nematode C. elegans (9). Mature human DLD shares 95-96% amino acid (aa) sequence identity with hamster, mouse, and rat DLD. Alternative splicing generates additional human DLD isoforms that lack the N-terminal 99 aa or carry a deletion of aa 147-194.

1. Brand, M.D. (2010) Exp. Gerontol. 45:466.
2. Johnson, M.T. et al. (1997) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94:14512.
3. Sundquist, A.R. and R.C. Fahey (1988) J. Bacteriol. 170:3459.
4. Ambrus, A. et al. (2011) Hum. Mol. Genet. 20:2984.
5. Vaubel, R.A. et al. (2011) J. Biol. Chem. 286:40232.
6. Babady, N.E. et al. (2007) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104:6158.
7. Calingasan, N.Y. et al. (2008) Neuroscience 153:986.
8. Panneerdoss, S. et al. (2012) J. Androl. 33:699.
9. Schlipalius, D.I. et al. (2012) Science 338:807.

Limitations

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

Bioinformatics

• Uniprot:
  • P09622()