Activin A Antibody (69403) [Biotin] - beta A subunit

• Applications: ELISA(Det)
• Clone: 69403
• Clonality: Monoclonal
• Host: Mouse
• Conjugate: Biotin
• Concentration: LYOPH

Activin A Antibody (69403) [Biotin] - beta A subunit Summary

• Immunogen: Chinese hamster ovary cell line CHO-derived recombinant human Activin A and recombinant human Pro-Activin A
• Specificity: Detects human Activin A in direct ELISAs. Recognizes proteins containing the precursor or mature beta _A subunits. The amino acid sequences of mature beta _A subunits from human, mouse, and rat are identical. Therefore, this antibody will also detect the mature beta _A subunits from mouse and rat.
• Source: N/A
• Isotype: IgG1
• Clonality: Monoclonal
• Host: Mouse
• Gene: INHBA
• Purity Statement: Protein A or G purified from ascites

Applications/Dilutions

• Application Notes: ELISA Capture: Human/Mouse/Rat Activin A beta A subunit Antibody (Catalog # MAB3381)
  ELISA Detection: Human/Mouse/Rat Activin A beta A subunit Biotinylated Antibody (Catalog # BAM3381)

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with BSA as a carrier protein.
• Preservative: No Preservative
• Concentration: LYOPH
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute at 0.5 mg/mL in sterile PBS.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Background

Activin and Inhibin are members of the TGF-beta superfamily of cytokines and are involved in a wide range of biological processes including tissue morphogenesis and repair, fibrosis, inflammation, neural development, hematopoiesis, reproductive system function, and carcinogenesis (1-7). Activin and Inhibin are produced as precursor proteins. Their amino terminal propeptides are proteolytically cleaved and facilitate formation of disulfide-linked dimers of the bioactive proteins (8, 9). Activins are nonglycosylated homodimers or heterodimers of various beta subunits ( beta A, beta B, beta C, and beta E in mammals), while Inhibins are heterodimers of a unique alpha subunit and one of the beta subunits. Activin A is a widely expressed homodimer of two beta A chains. The beta A subunit can also heterodimerize with a beta B or beta C subunit to form Activin AB and Activin AC, respectively (10). The 14 kDa mature human beta A chain shares 100% amino acid sequence identity with bovine, feline, mouse, porcine, and rat beta A. Activin A exerts its biological activities by binding to the type 2 serine/threonine kinase Activin RIIA which then noncovalently associates with the type 1 serine/threonine kinase Activin RIB/ALK-4 (7, 11). Signaling through this receptor complex leads to Smad activation and regulation of activin-responsive gene transcription (7, 11). The bioactivity of Activin A is regulated by a variety of mechanisms (11). BAMBI, Betaglycan, and Cripto are cell-associated molecules that function as decoy receptors or limit the ability of Activin A to induce receptor complex assembly (12-14). The intracellular formation of Activin A can be prevented by the incorporation of the beta A subunit into Activin AC or Inhibin A (3, 10). And the bioavailability of Activin A is restricted by its incorporation into inactive complexes with alpha 2-Macroglobulin, Follistatin, and FLRG (15, 16).

1. Kumanov, P. et al. (2005) Reprod. Biomed. Online 10:786.
2. Maeshima, A. et al. (2008) Endocr. J. 55:1.
3. Rodgarkia-Dara, C. et al. (2006) Mutat. Res. 613:123.
4. Werner, S. and C. Alzheimer (2006) Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 17:157.
5. Xu, P. and A.K. Hall (2006) Dev. Biol. 299:303.
6. Shav-Tal, Y. and D. Zipori (2002) Stem Cells 20:493.
7. Chen, Y.G. et al. (2006) Exp. Biol. Med. 231:534.
8. Gray, A.M. and A.J. Mason (1990) Science 247:1328.
9. Mason, A.J. et al. (1996) Mol. Endocrinol. 10:1055.
10. Thompson, T.B. et al. (2004) Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 225:9.
11. Harrison, C.A. et al. (2005) Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 16:73.
12. Onichtchouk, D. et al. (1999) Nature 401:480.
13. Gray, P.C. et al. (2002) Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 188:254.
14. Kelber, J.A. et al. (2008) J. Biol. Chem. 283:4490.
15. Phillips, D.J. et al. (1997) J. Endocrinol. 155:65.
16. Schneyer, A. et al. (2003) Endocrinology 144:1671.

Limitations

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: INHBA