Antibody database

HIF-2 alpha, also known as hypoxia-inducible factor 2, endothelial PAS domain protein-1, and member of PAS superfamily 2 is part of the HIF family of proteins.  The HIF family is composed of HIF-1, HIF-2 and HIF-3, where HIF-2 is a dimeric protein that consists of an alpha and beta subunit.HIF-2 alphais activated in the presence of oxygen deprivation, or hypoxia, via prolyl hydroxylase-domain enzymes (PHD

c-Myc, a proto-oncogene, has documented involvement in cellular differentiation, cell growth, cell death and tumor formation.  Target genes of the Myc family include those that participate in cell survival, translation, transcription, metabolism and more.  On a more specific level, c-Myc is a transcription factor that can both activate and repress its target protein by way of DNA modifications.  This allows for the use of a c-Myc antibody in two manners; it can be used to monitor the actual c-Myc protein expression levels, or, it

The CiteAb Lifetime Achievement Award recognizes and promotes an individual who has made an outstanding contribution to the research antibody industry over a sustained period of time.

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a widely applied experimental method used to examine tissue antigen expression and behavior with the use of an antibody conjugated to a secondary tag for visualization.  IHC consists of a tissue preparation phase, an antibody-staining phase, and a result analysis phase - all of which may lead to skewed results if not properly performed.  One way to ensure that IHC staining results are in fact demonstrating protein behavior and not a side effect the experimental process is to use IHC controls within each expe

p53, the protein product of the tp53 gene, is one of the most widely studied tumor suppressor proteins in cancer research.  p53 is unique in that it demonstrates both tumor suppressive and tumor progressive properties depending on whether it is functional or mutated.  The most common mutation in the p53 protein that leads to lack of tumor suppression activity is a missense mutation, however frameshift or nonsense mutations are also common.  In fact, mutant p53 has exhibited dominant negative inhibition of the wild type version of the protein, demonstrating the fact that the p53 pat

CD31/PECAM-1, or platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1, is a 130-kDa glycoprotein expressed on vascular and hematopoietic cells.  Depending on the cell type, CD31/PECAM-1 expression can be largely localized to cell junctions, playing a role in cell adhesion.  Aside from its role in cellular adhesion, CD31/PECAM-1 is also a large player in a variety of signaling pathways, such as angiogenesis, cell migration, leukocyte transmigration and more.  Specifically, the association and indication of angiogenesis in breast cancer is of interest, given that extensive research shows an

Sordaria macrospora is a filamentous fungus that serves as very useful system for scientific research due to a short life cycle and easy manipulation.  Just like any other model organism, it is important to have an effective loading control to validate experiments in the Sordaria macrospora.  In addition, the growth and morphogenesis of filamentous fungi is dependent on actin organization.  Actin is a very abundant protein across biological species and can transition between monomeric and filamentous states.  Actin has an alpha and beta isoform, both of which sha

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by an abundance of the beta-amyloid peptide in the brain.  When AD was first discovered, it was determined that beta-amyloid was produced as a result of the proteolysis of the amyloid precursor protein (APP).  Aside from its role in AD, the single-pass transmembrane APP has a high expression level in the brain and tends to concentrate at the synapses of neurons.  Because of this localization, it has been suggested that APP plays a role in synapse formation and potentially plasticity.  However, the

Pyruvate Dehydrogenase E1-alpha subunit (PDHA1) is one of multiple enzymes in a mitochondrial complex, called the Pyruvate Dehydrogenase (PDH) complex, involved in the transition between glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle during cellular respiration. The PDHA1 enzyme catalyzes the reaction that produces acetyl-CoA and CO2 from pyruvate (1). PDHA1 also regulates the PDH complex through reversible phosphorylation.

Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) plays a crucial role in nucleic acid metabolism as it pertains to DNA replication and repair.  Most noted for its activation of subunits of DNA polymerase, it has also been found to interact with cell-cycle progression proteins.  Modifications of PCNA as a result of cellular response put PCNA in a pivotal position with DNA replication, DNA damage, and chromatin structure and function.  In response to DNA damage, PCNA is ubiquitinated and becomes part of the RAD-6 dependent DNA repair pathway, where it acts as a substrate with a variety of p