Antibody database

GFP, or green fluorescent protein, is a chemiluminescent protein derived from Aequorea jellyfish that was first discovered by Osamu Shimomura.  It was soon after established that the emission spectra of GFP was right around 509nm, or the ultraviolet color range.  The GFP gene is often used to form expression constructs in order to closely follow protein behavior, cellular differentiation, protein localization and more.  The following articles employed a GFP antibody in conjunction with various other GFP construct techniques to strengthe

Even though the direct detection method is becoming more popular for immunofluorescence (IF) and flow cytometry experiments, the indirect detection method still remains the preferred choice for many other applications. In direct detection, the labeled primary antibody is responsible for both binding and detection of the antigen of interest.

Why- If the CRISPR-Cas9 transfection is not successful, it would not be relevant to relate the observations from transfected cells to the expected outcome of gene editing experiment.

Transportin 1, also known as Karyopherin- β 2 or Importin- β 2, is part of the β-karyopherins family, which consists of importins and exportins responsible for the active transport of proteins between the nucleus and cytoplasm.  Transportin 1 is composed of twenty HEAT (or a tandem repeat protein structural motif comprised of two alpha helices that end with a short loop) stacks that form a helix.  In the presence of Ran-GTP, Transportin 1 undergoes a conformational change to release the cargo it’s transporting.  Transportin 1 is known to bi

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is best known as a sensor of oxidative stress.  AMPK is activated by increased intracellular AMP levels, which are a result of alterations in cellular metabolism from causes such as hypoxia, changes in ATP, senescence and more.  In cell stress models, AMPK can protect cells from reduced ATP production by altering ATP biosynthetic pathways.  Furthermore, AMPK has implications in reducing inflammatory reactions in apoptosis pathways.

Autophagy is a crucial cellular process that clears the cell of protein aggregates, toxins, and damaged cell products. Accumulation of toxins, damaged cell products and unwanted proteins has been proven to play a role in aging and many forms of disease and cancer.

Autophagy is a crucial intracellular pathway that manages the degradation and recycling of long-lived proteins in the cell. The LC3 (or light chain 3) family is composed of three members, LC3A, LC3B and LC3C. Upon autophagy induction, LC3 is cleaved, causing the release of a C-terminal glycine that is required for phospholipid conjugation.  This process is vital to the formation of the autophagosome, a double membrane structure that delivers proteins to the lysosome during autophagy.

1. Multicolor immunofluorescence staining is best carried out by sequentially incubating cells with unlabeled-primary and labeled-secondary antibodies. However when options are limited, it may also be performed by simultaneous incubation of cells with directly labelled primary antibodies.  
   

Our genome experiences a moderate amount of DNA damage in our cells on a daily basis.  This DNA damage can be in response to external environmental factors, or be a result of our internal metabolic processes going awry.  While normal rates of DNA damage are not an immense threat to our cell processes, DNA damage in critical genes can lead to a variety of disease, including cancer and tumor formation.   After induction of DNA damage (for example, in the form of double strand breaks), phosphorylation and recruitment of the H2AX protein occurs.  This phosphorylation produces gamma H2AX

Hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is a protein that plays an essential role in hypoxia, or low levels of cellular oxygen.