Snail Antibody

Product Discontinued

Snail Antibody Summary

• Immunogen: Synthetic phosphopeptide derived from human SNAI 1 around the phosphorylation site of Serine 246.
• Clonality: Polyclonal
• Host: Rabbit
• Gene: SNAI1
• Purity: Immunogen affinity purified

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence 1:50-1:200
  • Immunohistochemistry 1:10-1:500
  • Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin 1:50-1:200
  • Western Blot 1:500-1:1000
• Application Notes: Western blot (WB) analyzes of SNAI 1 (A242) pAb in extracts from HT29 cells.
  Immunohistochemistry (IHC) analyzes of SNAI 1 (A242) pAb in paraffin-embedded human lung carcinoma tissue.
• Theoretical MW: 29 kDa.
  Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors.

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Store at 4C short term. Aliquot and store at -20C long term. Avoid freeze-thaw cycles.
• Buffer: PBS (pH 7.2)
• Preservative: 0.05% Sodium Azide
• Concentration: 1.0 mg/ml
• Purity: Immunogen affinity purified

Alternate Names for Snail Antibody

• dJ710H13.1
• Protein sna
• Protein snail homolog 1
• SLUGH2
• SNA
• SNAH
• SNAI1
• snail 1 homolog
• snail 1 zinc finger protein
• snail family zinc finger 1
• snail homolog 1
• Snail
• SNAIL1
• zinc finger protein SNAI1

Background

Snail, also called SNAIL1 or SNAI1, is a zinc-finger transcription factor belonging to the Snail superfamily and encoded by the SNAI1 gene (1,2). Snail was first discovered in Drosophila and has homologs in many species including vertebrates and humans (1,2). The Snail family members includes Snail (Snail1), Slug (Snail2), and Smuc (Snail3) (1,2). In humans, Snail is expressed in a number of tissues including placenta, brain, and skeletal muscle, but is most highly expressed by the kidneys (1). Snail functions in repression of E-cadherin transcription which is associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) that is especially prominent during embryonic development (1-5). Along with Snail, other related EMT-inducing transcription factors (EMT-TFs) include the Twist and ZEB protein families (3). Snail is synthesized as a protein of 264 amino acids (aa) with an N-terminal SNAG domain, a serine-rich domain (SRD), nuclear export sequences (NES), and four C-terminal zinc-finger binding domains, with a theoretical molecular weight of 29 kDa (1,3). Snail activity is largely regulated through post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and glycosylation, which impacts Snail's localization and stability, amongst other things (1-3, 5).

In addition to its role in embryonic development, Snail-induced EMT is also associated with cancer metastasis (1-5). Snail is expressed in a variety of cancer lines including breast cancer, cervical carcinoma, and colorectal carcinoma, and typically results in increased migration, invasion, and metastasis (1). Accordingly, Snail expression is also correlated with drug resistance and tumor recurrence (1-5). Chemical inhibitors that target Snail have shown some promise in reducing or eliminating Snail-induced EMT, increasing E-cadherin expression, and increasing tumor regression (1).

1. Kaufhold, S., & Bonavida, B. (2014). Central role of Snail1 in the regulation of EMT and resistance in cancer: a target for therapeutic intervention. Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13046-014-0062-0

2. Wang, Y., Shi, J., Chai, K., Ying, X., & Zhou, B. P. (2013). The Role of Snail in EMT and Tumorigenesis. Current Cancer Drug Targets. https://doi.org/10.2174/15680096113136660102

3. Kang, E., Seo, J., Yoon, H., & Cho, S. (2021). The Post-Translational Regulation of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition-Inducing Transcription Factors in Cancer Metastasis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22073591

4. Seo, J., Ha, J., Kang, E., & Cho, S. (2021). The role of epithelial-mesenchymal transition-regulating transcription factors in anti-cancer drug resistance. Archives of Pharmacal Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12272-021-01321-x

5. Baulida, J., Diaz, V. M., & Herreros, A. G. (2019). Snail1: A Transcriptional Factor Controlled at Multiple Levels. Journal of Clinical Medicine. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8060757

Limitations

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

Publications for Snail Antibody (NBP1-19529)(11)

Publications using NBP1-19529

• Liu T, Zhao X, Zheng X et al. The EMT transcription factor, Twist1, as a novel therapeutic target for pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinomas Int J Oncol 2020-01-29 [PMID: 32124963]
• Zhang XY, Gao PT, Yang X et al. Reduced selenium-binding protein 1 correlates with a poor prognosis in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and promotes the cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition Am J Transl Res 2018-11-15 [PMID: 30662608] (WB, Human)
• Wang J, Ye Q, Cao Y et al. Snail determines the therapeutic response to mTOR kinase inhibitors by transcriptional repression of 4E-BP1. Nat Commun 2017-12-20 [PMID: 29263324] (IHC-P, Human)
• Woods LT, Camden JM, El-Sayed FG et al. Increased Expression of TGF-B Signaling Components in a Mouse Model of Fibrosis Induced by Submandibular Gland Duct Ligation. PLoS ONE. 2015-05-09 [PMID: 25955532] (ICC/IF, Mouse)
• Choi YJ, Kim N, Chang H et al. Helicobacter pylori-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition, a potential role of gastric cancer initiation and an emergence of stem cells. Carcinogenesis. 2015-03-16 [PMID: 25784376] (IHC-P, Human)
• Gu H, Mickler EA, Cummings OW et al. Crosstalk between TGF-beta1 and complement activation augments epithelial injury in pulmonary fibrosis. FASEB J. 2014-06-23 [PMID: 24958208] (WB, Human)
  
  Details:
  Figure 8C- Normal primary human small airway epithelial cells (SAECs) were treated with or without TGF-1 (10 ng/ml) and cell lysates were immunoblotted against specific receptors C3aR and C5aR (-actin, loading control).
• Hardin H, Guo Z, Shan W et al. The Roles of the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Marker PRRX1 and MicroRNA 146b-5p in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Progression. Am. J. Pathol. 2014-06-17 [PMID: 24946010] (WB, Human)
  
  Details:
  Used for IHC-P of PRRX1 on whole sections of FFPE lymph node tissues /seven Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (PTCs) and one anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) TMAs with automated immunostaining procedure/ Lab Vision 360 LV-1 Autostainer system - 1:20 dilution, incubation 1 hr followed by biotinylated goat anti-rabbit IgG for 15 minutes, 4+ streptavidin–horseradish peroxidase treatment for 15 minutes followed by DAB and hematoxylin 1 minute each. PRRX1 staining evaluated based on the presence or absence of nuclear immunoreactivity in thyroid epithelial cells.
• Huang XY, Zhang C, Cai JB et al. Comprehensive multiple molecular profile of epithelial mesenchymal transition in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma patients. PLoS ONE. 2014-05-12 [PMID: 24816558] (IHC-P, WB, Human)
• Li C, Siragy HM. High Glucose Induces Podocyte Injury via Enhanced (Pro)renin Receptor-Wnt-beta-Catenin-Snail Signaling Pathway. PLoS ONE 2014-02-17 [PMID: 24533170] (WB, Mouse)
• Sung CO, Choi H, Lee KW, Kim SH. Sarcomatoid carcinoma represents a complete phenotype with various pathways of epithelial mesenchymal transition J Clin Pathol 2013-03-26 [PMID: 23533257]
• Ryu HS, Park do J, Kim HH, Kim WH, Lee HS. Combination of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cell-like phenotypes has independent prognostic value in gastric cancer. Hum Pathol;43(4):520-8. 2012-04-01 [PMID: 22018628] (IF/IHC, Human)

Reviews for Snail Antibody (NBP1-19529) (4)

Average Rating: 4.5

(Based on 4 reviews)

We have 4 reviews tested in 3 species: Human, Mouse, Other.

reviewed by: Mariya Sweetwyne IHC-P Human 01/31/2014

Summary

• Application: Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin
• Sample Tested: Human kidney tissue
• Species: Human
• Lot: G22121

reviewed by: Mariya Sweetwyne IF Mouse 01/29/2014

Summary

• Application: Immunofluorescence
• Sample Tested: Primary mouse kidney cells grown on glass coverslips.
• Species: Mouse
• Lot: G22121

reviewed by: Shyam Gudey WB Mouse 01/17/2014

Summary

• Application: Western Blot
• Species: Mouse
• Lot: G22121

reviewed by: Shyam Gudey IF Other 01/10/2014

Summary

• Application: Immunofluorescence
• Species: Other
• Lot: Lot G22121

FAQs for Snail Antibody (NBP1-19529). (Showing 1 - 2 of 2 FAQs).

1. There are many kinds of antibodies you supply against SNAIL. Could you give me your recommendation? Which is the best for the IHC-P experiments the species of my samples to be tested is human.
   • Our SNAIL antibody with catalog # NBP1-19529 has been successfully validated for IHC-P in paraffin-embedded human lung carcinoma tissue and I would highly recommend you to use the same for your samples too. The working dilutions of this antibody for IHC-P ranges from 1:50 - 1:200 and beside IHC, you can use this antibody for Western Blot and Immunofluorescence also.
2. Our customer wants to know the site of staining of NBP1-19529. Nuclear or cytoplasm or both?
   • SNAIL protein may be found in the Nucleus as well as in the Cytoplasm, and its phosphorylation status controls its cellular localization. Unphosphorylated SNAIL exists in the nucleus, and once phosphorylated (probably on Ser-107, Ser-111, Ser-115 and Ser-119), it gets exported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm wherein, subsequent phosphorylation of the destruction motif and ubiquitination involving BTRC occurs (References: UniProt O95863; PMID 15448698, PMID 15833848, PMID 15836774, PMID 19955572, PMID 22128911, PMID 21577210, PMID 21952048).

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: SNAI1
• Entrez:
  • 6615(Human)
  • 20613(Mouse)
• Uniprot:
  • O95863()