Recombinant Mouse IL-17E Protein

• Reactivity: Mu
• Applications: Bioactivity

Recombinant Mouse IL-17E Protein Summary

• Details of Functionality: Measured by its ability to induce CXCL1/GRO alpha secretion in HT‑29 human colon adenocarcinoma cells. The ED₅₀ for this effect is 0.25-1.5 ng/mL.
• Source: E. coli-derived mouse IL-17E/IL-25 protein
  Val17-Ala169, with and without an N-terminal Met
• Accession #: NP_542767
• N-terminal Sequence: Val17 and Met
• Structure / Form: Disulfide-linked homodimer
• Protein/Peptide Type: Recombinant Proteins
• Gene: Il25
• Purity: >97%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Silver Staining and quantitative densitometry by Coomassie® Blue Staining.
• Endotoxin Note: <0.01 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Bioactivity
• Theoretical MW: 17.6 kDa.
  Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors.

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in Acetonitrile and TFA with BSA as a carrier protein.
• Purity: >97%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Silver Staining and quantitative densitometry by Coomassie® Blue Staining.
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in sterile 4 mM HCl containing at least 0.1% human or bovine serum albumin.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for Recombinant Mouse IL-17E Protein

• IL17E
• IL-17E
• IL25
• IL-25
• interleukin 25
• Interleukin-17E
• interleukin-25

Background

The Interleukin‑17 (IL‑17) family of proteins are immunoregulatory cytokines that share a conserved cysteine‑rich region. IL‑17E, which is also known as IL‑25, promotes Th2‑biased immune responses. This is in contrast to other IL‑17 family members which promote Th1‑ and Th17‑biased inflammation. IL‑25 is an important mediator of allergic reactions and protection against intestinal parasites (1, 2). Mature mouse IL‑25 shares 80% and 91% amino acid sequence identity with human and rat IL‑25, respectively (3, 4). During helminth infections and allergic reactions, IL‑25 is locally up‑regulated in intestinal and airway epithelial cells, atopic dermatitis skin lesions, and local Th2 cells, eosinophils, and basophils (4‑9). It binds to IL‑17 RB but also requires IL‑17 RA to exert its activity (3, 8, 10). IL‑25 acts on a variety of cell types which respond with increased production of Th2 cytokines (e.g. IL‑4, IL‑5, IL‑13) and reduced production of Th1 and Th17 cytokines (e.g. IFN‑ gamma , IL‑12, IL‑23, IL‑17A, IL‑17F) (4‑6, 8, 9, 11‑15). Airway IL‑25 can be activated by MMP‑7, a protease that is up‑regulated in airway epithelium in response to allergen exposure (16). Cleaved IL‑25 shows enhanced binding to IL‑17 RB and stronger induction of Th2 cytokines (16). The Th2 cytokines, in turn, trigger expansion of Th2 memory cells and anti‑inflammatory M2 macrophages, increased eosinophil mobilization and activation, and dendritic cell migration (4, 6, 9, 13). These actions promote protective anti‑helminth immune responses (4, 5) as well as allergic inflammation and airway hyperreactivity (11). The IL‑25 induced suppression of Th1 and Th17 cytokines limits Th17 cell expansion and disease pathology in autoimmunity and colitis (12, 15). IL‑25 also promotes vascular endothelial cell proliferation and assembly into tubular structures (7). It supports the integrity of the blood‑brain barrier and limits CD4⁺ T cell infiltration into the brain (17).

1. Saadoun, D. et al. (2011) Curr. Pharm. Des. 17:3781.
2. Iwakura, Y. et al. (2011) Immunity 34:149.
3. Lee, J. et al. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276:1660.
4. Fort, M.M. et al. (2001) Immunity 15:985.
5. Zhao, A. et al. (2010) J. Immunol. 185:6921.
6. Suzukawa, M. et al. (2012) J. Immunol. 189:3641.
7. Corrigan, C.J. et al. (2011) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 108:1579.
8. Petersen, B.C. et al. (2012) Nat. Med. 18:751.
9. Wang, Y.-H. et al. (2007) J. Exp. Med. 204:1837.
10. Rickel, E.A. et al. (2008) J. Immunol. 181:4299.
11. Hurst, S.D. et al. (2002) J. Immunol. 169:443.
12. Kleinschek, M.A. et al. (2007) J. Exp. Med. 204:161.
13. Cao, Q. et al. (2011) J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 22:1229.
14. Stock, P. et al. (2009) J. Immunol. 182:5116.
15. Caruso, R. et al. (2009) Gastroenterology 136:2270.
16. Goswami, S. et al. (2009) Nat. Immunol. 10:496.
17. Sonobe, Y. et al. (2009) J. Biol. Chem. 284:31834.

Publications for IL-17E/IL-25 (1399-IL)(42)

Publications using 1399-IL

• Vlajic, K;Bie, W;Gilic, MB;Tyner, AL; Impaired activation of succinate-induced type 2 immunity and secretory cell production in the small intestines of Ptk6-/- male mice Cell death & disease 2024-10-26 [PMID: 39461944] (In vivo assay, Transgenic Mouse)
• O'Keefe, RN;Carli, ALE;Baloyan, D;Chisanga, D;Shi, W;Afshar-Sterle, S;Eissmann, MF;Poh, AR;Pal, B;Seillet, C;Locksley, RM;Ernst, M;Buchert, M; A tuft cell - ILC2 signaling circuit provides therapeutic targets to inhibit gastric metaplasia and tumor development Nature communications 2023-10-28 [PMID: 37898600] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• FP Veras, GA Publio, BM Melo, DS Prado, T Norbiato, NT Cecilio, C Hiroki, LEA Damasceno, R Jung, JE Toller-Kaw, TV Martins, SF Assunção, D Lima, MG Alves, GV Vieira, LA Tavares, ALR Alves-Reze, SH Karbach, HI Nakaya, TM Cunha, CS Souza, FQ Cunha, KU Sales, A Waisman, JC Alves-Filh Pyruvate kinase M2 mediates IL-17 signaling in keratinocytes driving psoriatic skin inflammation Cell Reports, 2022-12-27;41(13):111897. 2022-12-27 [PMID: 36577385] (Bioassay, Human)
• M Zhao, F Shao, D Yu, J Zhang, Z Liu, J Ma, P Xia, S Wang Maturation and specialization of group 2 innate lymphoid cells through the lung-gut axis Nature Communications, 2022-12-09;13(1):7600. 2022-12-09 [PMID: 36494354] (In Vivo, Mouse)
• M Lee, HJ Ko, SW Hong, J Park, S Ham, M Kim, DI Kwon, MS Lee, TY Roh, K Soon Kim, YJ Lee Dietary antigens suppress the proliferation of type 2 innate lymphoid cells by restraining homeostatic IL-25 production Scientific Reports, 2022-05-06;12(1):7443. 2022-05-06 [PMID: 35523930] (In Vivo, Mouse)
• PT Mantani, P Dunér, I Ljungcrant, J Nilsson, H Björkbacka, GN Fredrikson ILC2 transfers to apolipoprotein E deficient mice reduce the lipid content of atherosclerotic lesions BMC Immunol., 2019-12-10;20(1):47. 2019-12-10 [PMID: 31823769] (Bioassay, In Vivo, Mouse)
• T Sasaki, K Moro, T Kubota, N Kubota, T Kato, H Ohno, S Nakae, H Saito, S Koyasu Innate Lymphoid Cells in the Induction of Obesity Cell Rep, 2019-07-02;28(1):202-217.e7. 2019-07-02 [PMID: 31269440] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• CN Miller, I Proekt, J von Moltke, KL Wells, AR Rajpurkar, H Wang, K Rattay, IS Khan, TC Metzger, JL Pollack, AC Fries, WW Lwin, EJ Wigton, AV Parent, B Kyewski, DJ Erle, KA Hogquist, LM Steinmetz, RM Locksley, MS Anderson Thymic tuft cells promote an IL-4-enriched medulla and shape thymocyte development Nature, 2018-07-18;559(7715):627-631. 2018-07-18 [PMID: 30022164] (In Vivo, Mouse)
• H Suto, A Nambu, H Morita, S Yamaguchi, T Numata, T Yoshizaki, E Shimura, K Arae, Y Asada, K Motomura, M Kaneko, T Abe, A Matsuda, Y Iwakura, K Okumura, H Saito, K Matsumoto, K Sudo, S Nakae IL-25 enhances Th17 cell-mediated contact dermatitis by promoting IL-1? production by dermal dendritic cells J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 2018-03-06;0(0):. 2018-03-06 [PMID: 29522843] (In Vivo, Mouse)
• V Cardoso, J Chesné, H Ribeiro, B García-Cas, T Carvalho, T Bouchery, K Shah, NL Barbosa-Mo, N Harris, H Veiga-Fern Neuronal regulation of type 2 innate lymphoid cells via neuromedin U Nature, 2017-09-06;549(7671):277-281. 2017-09-06 [PMID: 28869974] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• M Han, C Rajput, JY Hong, J Lei, JL Hinde, Q Wu, JK Bentley, MB Hershenson The Innate Cytokines IL-25, IL-33, and TSLP Cooperate in the Induction of Type 2 Innate Lymphoid Cell Expansion and Mucous Metaplasia in Rhinovirus-Infected Immature Mice J. Immunol., 2017-07-12;0(0):. 2017-07-12 [PMID: 28701507] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• DW Bruce, HE Stefanski, BG Vincent, TA Dant, S Reisdorf, H Bommiasamy, DA Serody, JE Wilson, KP McKinnon, WD Shlomchik, PM Armistead, JP Ting, JT Woosley, BR Blazar, DM Zaiss, AN McKenzie, JM Coghill, JS Serody Type 2 innate lymphoid cells treat and prevent acute gastrointestinal graft-versus-host disease J. Clin. Invest., 2017-04-04;0(0):. 2017-04-04 [PMID: 28375154] (In Vivo, Mouse)
• Z Noor, K Watanabe, MM Abhyankar, SL Burgess, EL Buonomo, CA Cowardin, WA Petri Role of Eosinophils and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha in Interleukin-25-Mediated Protection from Amebic Colitis MBio, 2017-02-28;8(1):. 2017-02-28 [PMID: 28246365] (In Vivo, Mouse)
• IL-25 attenuates rheumatoid arthritis through suppression of Th17 immune responses in an IL-13-dependent manner Sci Rep, 2016-11-04;6(0):36002. 2016-11-04 [PMID: 27812008] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• Interleukin-25 Induces Resistance Against Intestinal Trematodes Sci Rep, 2016-09-23;6(0):34142. 2016-09-23 [PMID: 27658962] (In Vivo, Mouse)
• A critical role for IL-25 in host protective Th2 memory response against Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri Infect Immun, 2016-11-18;0(0):. 2016-11-18 [PMID: 27620722] (In Vivo, Mouse)
• EC Zook, K Ramirez, X Guo, G van der Vo, M Sigvardsso, EC Svensson, YX Fu, BL Kee The ETS1 transcription factor is required for the development and cytokine-induced expansion of ILC2 J Exp Med, 2016-04-11;0(0):. 2016-04-11 [PMID: 27069114] (In Vivo, Mouse)
• Wang A, Yang Z, Grinchuk V, Smith A, Qin B, Lu N, Wang D, Wang H, Ramalingam T, Wynn T, Urban J, Shea-Donohue T, Zhao A IL-25 or IL-17E Protects against High-Fat Diet-Induced Hepatic Steatosis in Mice Dependent upon IL-13 Activation of STAT6. J Immunol, 2015-09-30;195(10):4771-80. 2015-09-30 [PMID: 26423151] (In Vivo, Mouse)
• Claudio E, Tassi I, Wang H, Tang W, Ha H, Siebenlist U Cutting Edge: IL-25 Targets Dendritic Cells To Attract IL-9-Producing T Cells in Acute Allergic Lung Inflammation. J Immunol, 2015-09-14;195(8):3525-9. 2015-09-14 [PMID: 26371249] (In Vivo, Mouse)
• Yao , Xiujuan, Wang , Wei, Li , Yan, Huang , Ping, Zhang , Qian, Wang , Jingjing, Wang , Wen, Lv , Zhe, An , Yunqing, Qin , Jianguo, Corrigan , Chris J, Huang , Kewu, Sun , Yongchan, Ying , Sun IL-25 induces airways angiogenesis and expression of multiple angiogenic factors in a murine asthma model. Respir Res, 2015-03-18;16(0):39. 2015-03-18 [PMID: 25889697] (In Vivo, Mouse)
• Reynolds J, Lee Y, Shi Y, Wang X, Angkasekwinai P, Nallaparaju K, Flaherty S, Chang S, Watarai H, Dong C Interleukin-17B Antagonizes Interleukin-25-Mediated Mucosal Inflammation. Immunity, 2015-04-14;42(4):692-703. 2015-04-14 [PMID: 25888259] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• Liu B, Lee J, Chen C, Hershey G, Wang Y Collaborative interactions between type 2 innate lymphoid cells and antigen-specific CD4+ Th2 cells exacerbate murine allergic airway diseases with prominent eosinophilia. J Immunol, 2015-03-16;194(8):3583-93. 2015-03-16 [PMID: 25780046] (In Vivo, Mouse)
• Mantani P, Duner P, Bengtsson E, Alm R, Ljungcrantz I, Soderberg I, Sundius L, To F, Nilsson J, Bjorkbacka H, Fredrikson G IL-25 inhibits atherosclerosis development in apolipoprotein E deficient mice. PLoS ONE, 2015-01-28;10(1):e0117255. 2015-01-28 [PMID: 25629516] (In Vivo, Mouse)
• Yu , X, Pappu , R, Ramirez-Carrozzi , V, Ota , N, Caplazi , P, Zhang , J, Yan , D, Xu , M, Lee , W P, Grogan , J L TNF superfamily member TL1A elicits type 2 innate lymphoid cells at mucosal barriers. Mucosal Immunol, 2013-11-13;7(3):730-40. 2013-11-13 [PMID: 24220298] (Bioassay, In Vivo, Mouse)
• Gao Y, Nish S, Jiang R, Hou L, Licona-Limon P, Weinstein J, Zhao H, Medzhitov R Control of T helper 2 responses by transcription factor IRF4-dependent dendritic cells. Immunity, 2013-09-26;39(4):722-32. 2013-09-26 [PMID: 24076050] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• Yang Z, Grinchuk V, Urban J, Bohl J, Sun R, Notari L, Yan S, Ramalingam T, Keegan A, Wynn T, Shea-Donohue T, Zhao A Macrophages as IL-25/IL-33-responsive cells play an important role in the induction of type 2 immunity. 2013-03-25;0(0):. 2013-03-25 [PMID: 23536877] (In Vivo, Mouse)
• Suzukawa M, Morita H, Nambu A, Arae K, Shimura E, Shibui A, Yamaguchi S, Suzukawa K, Nakanishi W, Oboki K, Kajiwara N, Ohno T, Ishii A, Korner H, Cua D, Suto H, Yoshimoto T, Iwakura Y, Yamasoba T, Ohta K, Sudo K, Saito H, Okumura K, Broide D, Matsumoto K, Nakae S Epithelial cell-derived IL-25, but not Th17 cell-derived IL-17 or IL-17F, Is crucial for murine asthma. J Immunol, 2012-08-31;189(7):3641-52. 2012-08-31 [PMID: 22942422] (In Vivo, Mouse)
• Wolterink RG, KleinJan A, van Nimwegen M, Bergen I, de Bruijn M, Levani Y, Hendriks RW Pulmonary innate lymphoid cells are major producers of IL-5 and IL-13 in murine models of allergic asthma. Eur. J. Immunol., 2012-05-01;42(5):1106-16. 2012-05-01 [PMID: 22539286] (In Vivo, Mouse)
• Hepworth MR, Danilowicz-Luebert E, Rausch S, Metz M, Klotz C, Maurer M, Hartmann S Mast cells orchestrate type 2 immunity to helminths through regulation of tissue-derived cytokines. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2012-04-09;109(17):6644-9. 2012-04-09 [PMID: 22493240] (In Vivo, Mouse)
• Bartemes KR, Iijima K, Kobayashi T, Kephart GM, McKenzie AN, Kita H IL-33-responsive lineage- CD25+ CD44(hi) lymphoid cells mediate innate type 2 immunity and allergic inflammation in the lungs. J. Immunol., 2011-12-23;188(3):1503-13. 2011-12-23 [PMID: 22198948] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• Swaidani S, Bulek K, Kang Z T cell-derived Act1 is necessary for IL-25-mediated Th2 responses and allergic airway inflammation. J. Immunol., 2011-08-19;187(6):3155-64. 2011-08-19 [PMID: 21856933] (Bioassay, In Vivo, Mouse)
• Anthony RM, Kobayashi T, Wermeling F, Ravetch JV Intravenous gammaglobulin suppresses inflammation through a novel Th2 pathway. Nature, 2011-06-19;475(7354):110-3. 2011-06-19 [PMID: 21685887] (In Vivo, Mouse)
• Nel HJ, Hams E, Saunders SP Impaired basophil induction leads to an age-dependent innate defect in type 2 immunity during helminth infection in mice. J. Immunol., 2011-03-11;186(8):4631-9. 2011-03-11 [PMID: 21398616] (In Vivo, Mouse)
• Sawa S, Lochner M, Satoh-Takayama N, Dulauroy S, Berard M, Kleinschek M, Cua D, Di Santo JP, Eberl G RORgammat+ innate lymphoid cells regulate intestinal homeostasis by integrating negative signals from the symbiotic microbiota. Nat. Immunol., 2011-02-20;12(4):320-6. 2011-02-20 [PMID: 21336274] (Bioassay, In Vivo, Mouse)
• Zhao A, Urban JF, Sun R Critical role of IL-25 in nematode infection-induced alterations in intestinal function. J. Immunol., 2010-10-25;185(0):6921-9. 2010-10-25 [PMID: 20974983] (In Vivo, Mouse)
• Price AE, Liang HE, Sullivan BM Systemically dispersed innate IL-13-expressing cells in type 2 immunity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2010-06-07;107(25):11489-94. 2010-06-07 [PMID: 20534524] (In Vivo, Mouse)
• Neill DR, Wong SH, Bellosi A, Flynn RJ, Daly M, Langford TK, Bucks C, Kane CM, Fallon PG, Pannell R, Jolin HE, McKenzie AN Nuocytes represent a new innate effector leukocyte that mediates type-2 immunity. Nature, 2010-03-03;464(7293):1367-70. 2010-03-03 [PMID: 20200518] (In Vivo, Mouse)
• Perrigoue JG, Saenz SA, Siracusa MC, Allenspach EJ, Taylor BC, Giacomin PR, Nair MG, Du Y, Zaph C, Van Rooijen N, Comeau MR, Pearce EJ, Laufer TM, Artis D MHC class II-dependent basophil-CD4+ T cell interactions promote T(H)2 cytokine-dependent immunity. Nat. Immunol., 2009-05-24;10(7):697-705. 2009-05-24 [PMID: 19465906] (In Vivo, Mouse)
• Goswami S, Angkasekwinai P, Shan M, Greenlee KJ, Barranco WT, Polikepahad S, Seryshev A, Song LZ, Redding D, Singh B, Sur S, Woodruff P, Dong C, Corry DB, Kheradmand F Divergent functions for airway epithelial matrix metalloproteinase 7 and retinoic acid in experimental asthma. Nat. Immunol., 2009-03-29;10(5):496-503. 2009-03-29 [PMID: 19329997] (Enzyme Assay, Mouse)
• Swaidani S, Bulek K, Kang Z, Liu C, Lu Y, Yin W, Aronica M, Li X The critical role of epithelial-derived Act1 in IL-17- and IL-25-mediated pulmonary inflammation. J. Immunol., 2009-02-01;182(3):1631-40. 2009-02-01 [PMID: 19155512] (In Vivo, Mouse)
• Claudio E, Sonder SU, Saret S, Carvalho G, Ramalingam TR, Wynn TA, Chariot A, Garcia-Perganeda A, Leonardi A, Paun A, Chen A, Ren NY, Wang H, Siebenlist U The adaptor protein CIKS/Act1 is essential for IL-25-mediated allergic airway inflammation. J. Immunol., 2009-02-01;182(3):1617-30. 2009-02-01 [PMID: 19155511] (In Vivo, Mouse)
• Tamachi T, Maezawa Y, Ikeda K, Kagami S, Hatano M, Seto Y, Suto A, Suzuki K, Watanabe N, Saito Y, Tokuhisa T, Iwamoto I, Nakajima H IL-25 enhances allergic airway inflammation by amplifying a TH2 cell-dependent pathway in mice. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 2006-06-21;118(3):606-14. 2006-06-21 [PMID: 16950278] (ELISA (Standard))

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: Il25
• Uniprot:
  • NP_542767()