Recombinant Mouse Dkk-1 (Histidine-tagged) Protein, CF

Recombinant Mouse Wnt‑3a (Catalog # 1324-WN) induces a dose responsive increase in Wnt reporter activity in HEK293 cells (green circles). Recombinant Mouse Dkk-1 (Catalog # 1765‑DK/CF) inhibits a constant dose of 100 ng/mL of Recombinant Mouse Wnt-3a. The ED50 for this effect is30‑180 ng/mL (orange circles).

• Reactivity: Mu
• Applications: Bioactivity
• Format: Carrier-Free

Recombinant Mouse Dkk-1 (Histidine-tagged) Protein, CF Summary

• Additional Information: A New and Improved rm Dkk-1 is Available! It has a lower endotoxin specification, ~5 fold better activity, and no tag!
• Details of Functionality: Measured by its ability to inhibit Wnt induced TCF reporter activity in HEK293 human embryonic kidney cells. Recombinant Mouse Dkk-1 inhibits a constant dose of 100 ng/mL of Recombinant Mouse Wnt-3a (Catalog # 1324-WN). The ED₅₀ for this effect is 30-180 ng/mL.
• Source: Mouse myeloma cell line, NS0-derived mouse Dkk-1 protein
  Ser30-His272, with a C-terminal 10-His tag
• Accession #: O54908
• N-terminal Sequence: Ser30
• Protein/Peptide Type: Recombinant Proteins
• Gene: Dkk1
• Purity: >95%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain
• Endotoxin Note: <1.0 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Bioactivity
• Theoretical MW: 27.6 kDa.
  Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors.
• SDS-PAGE: 38 kDa and 41 kDa, reducing conditions

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose.
• Purity: >95%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in sterile PBS.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for Recombinant Mouse Dkk-1 (Histidine-tagged) Protein, CF

• dickkopf (Xenopus laevis) homolog 1
• dickkopf homolog 1 (Xenopus laevis)
• dickkopf related protein-1
• Dickkopf-1
• dickkopf-related protein 1
• Dkk1
• Dkk-1
• hDkk-1
• SKdickkopf-1 like

Background

Dickkopf related protein 1 (Dkk-1) is the founding member of the Dickkopf family of proteins that includes Dkk-1, -2, -3, -4, and a related protein, Soggy (1, 2). Dkk proteins are secreted proteins that contain two conserved cysteine-rich domains separated by a linker region. Each domain contains ten cysteine residues (1-3). Mature mouse Dkk-1 is a 40 kDa glycosylated protein that shares 86%, 96%, 83% and 82% amino acid (aa) sequence identity with human, rat, rabbit and bovine Dkk‑1, respectively. It also shares 41% and 36% aa identity with human Dkk-2 and Dkk-4, respectively. Dkk-1 and Dkk-4 are well documented antagonists of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway (1, 2). This pathway is activated by Wnt engagement of a receptor complex composed of the Frizzled proteins and one of two low‑density lipoprotein receptor-related proteins, LRP5 or LRP6 (4). Dkk-1 antagonizes Wnt by forming ternary complexes of LRP5/6 with Kremen1 or Kremen2 (4, 5). Dkk-1/LRP6/Krm2 complex internalization has been shown to downregulate Wnt signaling (4, 5). Dkk-1 is expressed throughout development and antagonizes Wnt-7a during limb development (6, 7). Other sites of expression include developing neurons, hair follicles and the retina of the eye (8, 9). The balance between Wnt signaling and Dkk-1 inhibition is critical for bone formation and homeostasis (10). Insufficient or excess Dkk-1 activity in bone results in increased or decreased bone density, respectively (8, 11). In adults, Dkk-1 is expressed in osteoblasts and osteocytes, and neurons. Cerebral ischemia induces Dkk-1 expression, which contributes to neuronal cell death (12).

1. Glinka, A. et al. (1998) Nature 391:357.  
2. Niehrs, C. (2006) Oncogene 25:7469. 
3. Bullock, C.M. et al. (2004) Mol. Pharmacol. 65:582. 
4. Mao, B. et al. (2001) Nature 411:321. 
5. Mao, B. et al. (2002) Nature 417:664.  
6. Kemp, C. et al. (2005) Dev. Dyn. 233:1064.
7. Adamska, M. et al. (2004) Dev. Biol. 272:134.
8. Li, J. et al. (2006) Bone 36:754.
9. Verani, R. et al. (2006) J. Neurochem. 101:242.
10. Pinzone, J.J. et al. (2009) Blood 113:517.
11. Morvan, F. et al. (2006) J. Bone Miner. Res. 21:934.
12. Cappuccio, I. et al. (2005) J. Neurosci. 25:2647.

Publications for Dkk-1 (1765-DK/CF)(8)

Publications using 1765-DK/CF

• A Yachie-Kin, K Onishi, J Ostblom, MA Langley, E Posfai, J Rossant, PW Zandstra Modeling signaling-dependent pluripotency with Boolean logic to predict cell fate transitions Mol. Syst. Biol., 2018-01-29;14(1):e7952. 2018-01-29 [PMID: 29378814] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• Trowbridge JJ, Guezguez B, Moon RT Wnt3a activates dormant c-Kit(-) bone marrow-derived cells with short-term multilineage hematopoietic reconstitution capacity. Stem Cells, 2010-08-01;28(8):1379-89. 2010-08-01 [PMID: 20521329] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• Hansson M, Olesen DR, Peterslund JM, Engberg N, Kahn M, Winzi M, Klein T, Maddox-Hyttel P, Serup P A late requirement for Wnt and FGF signaling during activin-induced formation of foregut endoderm from mouse embryonic stem cells. Dev. Biol., 2009-04-07;330(2):286-304. 2009-04-07 [PMID: 19358838] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• Nakanishi M, Kurisaki A, Hayashi Y, Warashina M, Ishiura S, Kusuda-Furue M, Asashima M Directed induction of anterior and posterior primitive streak by Wnt from embryonic stem cells cultured in a chemically defined serum-free medium. FASEB J., 2008-09-22;23(1):114-22. 2008-09-22 [PMID: 18809738] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• Chen Y, Hu Y, Lu K, Flannery JG, Ma JX Very low density lipoprotein receptor, a negative regulator of the wnt signaling pathway and choroidal neovascularization. J. Biol. Chem., 2007-09-23;282(47):34420-8. 2007-09-23 [PMID: 17890782] (In Vivo, Mouse)
• Kwon C, Arnold J, Hsiao EC, Taketo MM, Conklin BR, Srivastava D Canonical Wnt signaling is a positive regulator of mammalian cardiac progenitors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2007-06-18;104(26):10894-9. 2007-06-18 [PMID: 17576928] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• Wawrzak D, Metioui M, Willems E, Hendrickx M, de Genst E, Leyns L Wnt3a binds to several sFRPs in the nanomolar range. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2007-04-19;357(4):1119-23. 2007-04-19 [PMID: 17462603] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• Lindsley RC, Gill JG, Kyba M, Murphy TL, Murphy KM Canonical Wnt signaling is required for development of embryonic stem cell-derived mesoderm. Development, 2006-08-30;133(19):3787-96. 2006-08-30 [PMID: 16943279] (Bioassay, Mouse)

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: Dkk1
• Uniprot:
  • O54908()