Recombinant Mouse CD28 Fc Chimera Protein

• Reactivity: Mu
• Applications: Bioactivity

Recombinant Mouse CD28 Fc Chimera Protein Summary

• Details of Functionality: Measured by its ability to inhibit IL-2 secretion by stimulated Jurkat human acute T cell leukemia cells. Freeman, G.J. et al. (1993) Science 262:909. The ED₅₀ for this effect is 0.3-1.2 µg/mL when stimulated with 1 µg/mL recombinant human B7-1 Fc Chimera in the presence of PHA.
• Source: Mouse myeloma cell line, NS0-derived mouse CD28 protein
  

  Mouse CD28 (Lys21-Lys149) Accession # P31041	DMD	Human IgG1 (Pro100-Lys330)	6-His tag
  N-terminus			C-terminus

• Accession #: P31041
• N-terminal Sequence: Lys21
• Structure / Form: Disulfide-linked homodimer
• Protein/Peptide Type: Recombinant Proteins
• Gene: Cd28
• Purity: >97%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain
• Endotoxin Note: <0.10 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Bioactivity
• Theoretical MW: 52 kDa (monomer).
  Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors.
• SDS-PAGE: 60 kDa, reducing conditions

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with BSA as a carrier protein.
• Purity: >97%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute at 400 μg/mL in sterile PBS containing at least 0.1% human or bovine serum albumin.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for Recombinant Mouse CD28 Fc Chimera Protein

• CD28 antigen (Tp44)
• CD28 antigen
• CD28 molecule
• CD28
• MGC138290
• T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein CD28
• Tp44

Background

CD28 and CTLA-4, together with their ligands B7-1 and B7-2, constitute one of the dominant co‑stimulatory pathways that regulate T- and B-cell responses. CD28 and CTLA-4 are structurally homologous molecules that are members of the immunoglobulin (Ig) gene superfamily. Both CD28 and CTLA-4 are composed of a single Ig V-like extracellular domain, a transmembrane domain and an intracellular domain. CD28 and CTLA-4 are both expressed on the cell surface as disulfide-linked homodimers or as monomers. The genes encoding these two molecules are closely linked on human chromosome 2 and mouse chromosome 1. Mouse CD28 is expressed constitutively on virtually 100% of mouse T cells and on developing thymocytes. Cell surface expression of mouse CD28 is down‑regulated upon ligation of CD28 in the presence of PMA or PHA. In contrast, CTLA-4 is not expressed constitutively but is up‑regulated rapidly following T cell activation and CD28 ligation. Cell surface expression of CTLA-4 peaks approximately 48 hours after activation. Although both CTLA-4 and CD28 can bind to the same ligands, CTLA-4 binds to B7-1 and B7-2 with a 20 ‑ 100 fold higher affinity than CD28. CD28/B7 interaction has been shown to prevent apoptosis of activated T cells via the up‑regulation of bcl-X_L. CD28 ligation has also been shown to regulate Th1/Th2 differentiation.

1. Lenschow, D.J. et al. (1996) Annu. Rev. Immunol. 14:233.
2. Hathcock, K.S. and R.J. Hodes (1996) Advances in Immunol. 62:131.
3. Ward, S.G. (1996) Biochem. J. 318:361.

Publications for CD28 (483-CD)(8)

Publications using 483-CD

• Moore, GL;Zeng, VG;Diaz, JE;Bonzon, C;Avery, KN;Rashid, R;Qi, J;Nam, DH;Jacinto, J;Dragovich, MA;Kim, YK;Balcazar, KP;Bakhit, CG;Eivazi, A;Nguyen, H;Muchhal, US;Szymkowski, DE;Desjarlais, JR;Hedvat, M; A B7-H3-targeted CD28 bispecific antibody enhances the activity of anti-PD1 and CD3 T-cell engager immunotherapies Molecular cancer therapeutics 2024-09-20 [PMID: 39301613] (Bioassay, N/A)
• A Hanson, K Elpek, E Duong, L Shallberg, M Fan, C Johnson, M Wallace, GR Mabry, S Sazinsky, L Pepper, CJ Shu, S Sathyanara, S Zuerndorfe, T Simpson, M Gostissa, M Briskin, D Law, J Michaelson, CJ Harvey ICOS agonism by JTX-2011 (vopratelimab) requires initial T cell priming and Fc cross-linking for optimal T cell activation and anti-tumor immunity in preclinical models PLoS ONE, 2020-09-24;15(9):e0239595. 2020-09-24 [PMID: 32970735] (Bioassay, Human)
• Carmi Y, Spitzer M, Linde I, Burt B, Prestwood T, Perlman N, Davidson M, Kenkel J, Segal E, Pusapati G, Bhattacharya N, Engleman E Allogeneic IgG combined with dendritic cell stimuli induce antitumour T-cell immunity. Nature, 2015-04-29;521(7550):99-104. 2015-04-29 [PMID: 25924063] (Bioassay, In Vivo, Mouse)
• Kowalczyk A, D'Souza C, Zhang L Cell-extrinsic CTLA4-mediated regulation of dendritic cell maturation depends on STAT3. Eur J Immunol, 2014-01-22;44(4):1143-55. 2014-01-22 [PMID: 24338929] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• Corse E, Gottschalk R, Park J, Sepulveda M, Loke P, Sullivan T, Johnson L, Allison J Cutting edge: chronic inflammatory liver disease in mice expressing a CD28-specific ligand. J Immunol, 2012-12-17;190(2):526-30. 2012-12-17 [PMID: 23248264] (Flow Cytometry, Mouse)
• Yamashita T, Ohneda K, Nagano M, Miyoshi C, Kaneko N, Miwa Y, Yamamoto M, Ohneda O, Fujii-Kuriyama Y Hypoxia-inducible transcription factor-2alpha in endothelial cells regulates tumor neovascularization through activation of ephrin A1. J. Biol. Chem., 2008-04-23;283(27):18926-36. 2008-04-23 [PMID: 18434321] (Mouse)
• Kin NW, Sanders VM CD86 regulates IgG1 production via a CD19-dependent mechanism. J. Immunol., 2007-08-01;179(3):1516-23. 2007-08-01 [PMID: 17641017] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• Arnett HA, Escobar SS, Gonzalez-Suarez E, Budelsky AL, Steffen LA, Boiani N, Zhang M, Siu G, Brewer AW, Viney JL BTNL2, a butyrophilin/B7-like molecule, is a negative costimulatory molecule modulated in intestinal inflammation. J. Immunol., 2007-02-01;178(3):1523-33. 2007-02-01 [PMID: 17237401] (Flow Cytometry, Mouse)

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: Cd28
• Uniprot:
  • P31041()