Recombinant Human R-Spondin 1 Protein, CF

Recombinant Human R-Spondin 1 (Catalog # 4645-RS/CF), in the presence of Recombinant Mouse Wnt‑3a (Catalog # 1324-WN/CF); 5 ng/mL), induces activation of beta-catenin in HEK293T cells measured using the Topflash assay (blue). The activity is approximately 7-fold greater than the competitor's R-Spondin 1 (red).

The lot-to-lot consistency of Recombinant Human R-Spondin 1 (Catalog # 4645-RS/CF) was assessed by testing the ability of three independent lots of the protein to stimulate activation of beta-Catenin using a TOPflash beta-Catenin/TCF reporter assay in the HEK293T human kidney cell line, in the presence of 5 ng/mL Recombinant Mouse Wnt-3a (1324-WN). Each trace on the graph represents data obtained from Recombinant Human R-Spondin 1 from a different manufacturing run. The ED50 for this effect is 1.00-10.0 ng/mL in the presence of 5 ng/mL Recombinant Mouse Wnt-3a.

1 µg/lane of Recombinant HumanR-Spondin 1 was resolved withSDS-PAGE and visualized by silver staining, under reducing (R) conditions, showing a single band at 39 kDa.

iPSC-derived human intestinal organoids were cultured using Cultrex™ UltiMatrix RGF Basement Membrane Extract (BME001-05) and intestinal organoid culture medium, which includes Recombinant Human R-Spondin 1 (Catalog # 4645-RS/CF), Recombinant Human EGF (236-EG), Recombinant Human Noggin (6057-NG), and Recombinant Human Wnt-3a (5036-WN), along with the other reagents listed in the intestinal organoid culture medium recipe in the human intestinal organoid culture protocol. (A) Human intestinal organoids were stained using a Rat Anti-Human/Mouse/Rat Vimentin Monoclonal Antibody (MAB2105; green) and a Goat Anti-Human/Mouse Desmin Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (AF3844; red) to visualize myofibroblast cells and counterstained with DAPI (5748; blue). (B) Human intestinal organoids were stained using a Goat Anti-Human/Mouse E-Cadherin Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (AF748; green) and a Mouse Anti-Human MUC2 Monoclonal Antibody (Novus Biologicals, Catalog # NBP2-44431; red) and counterstained with DAPI (5748; blue).

Adult stem cells isolated from human descending colon were embedded in Cultrex UltiMatrix RGF Basement Membrane Extract (BME001-05) and cultured for 30 days in intestinal organoid culture medium, which includes Recombinant Human R-Spondin 1 (Catalog # 4645-RS/CF), Recombinant Human EGF (236-EG), Recombinant Human Noggin (6057-NG), and Recombinant Human Wnt-3a (5036-WN), along with the other reagents listed in the intestinal organoid culture medium recipe in the human intestinal organoid culture protocol. (A) Organoids were fixed and stained with a Mouse Anti-Human MUC2 Monoclonal Antibody (Novus Biologicals; Catalog # NBP2-44431; green) to visualize intestinal goblet cells and counterstained with a Goat Anti-Human/Mouse E-Cadherin Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (AF748; red) and DAPI (5748; blue). The image shown was taken at 10x magnification. (B) Organoids were fixed and stained with a Mouse Anti-Human Chromogranin A Monoclonal Antibody (MAB90981; green) to visualize enteroendocrine cells and counterstained with a Goat Anti-Human/Mouse E-Cadherin Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (AF748; red) and DAPI (5748; blue). The image shown was taken at 20x magnification.

• Reactivity: Hu
• Applications: Bioactivity
• Format: Carrier-Free

Recombinant Human R-Spondin 1 Protein, CF Summary

• Additional Information: Earn double rewards for reviews
• Details of Functionality: Measured by its ability to induce Topflash reporter activity in HEK293T human embryonic kidney cells. The ED₅₀ for this effect is 1.00-10.0 ng/mL in the presence of 5 ng/mL Recombinant Mouse Wnt‑3a (Catalog # 1324-WN).
• Source: Chinese Hamster Ovary cell line, CHO-derived human R-Spondin 1 protein
  Ser21-Ala263
• Accession #: Q2MKA7
• N-terminal Sequence: Ser21 & Arg31
• Protein/Peptide Type: Recombinant Proteins
• Gene: RSPO1
• Purity: >90%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Silver Staining and quantitative densitometry by Coomassie® Blue Staining.
• Endotoxin Note: <0.10 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Bioactivity
• Theoretical MW: 25.6 kDa.
  Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors.
• SDS-PAGE: 39 kDa, reducing conditions

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS.
• Purity: >90%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Silver Staining and quantitative densitometry by Coomassie® Blue Staining.
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in PBS.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for Recombinant Human R-Spondin 1 Protein, CF

• Cristin 3
• CRISTIN3
• FLJ40906Roof plate-specific spondin-1
• HRspo1
• roof plate-specific spondin
• RSPO
• RSPO1
• RSpondin 1
• R-Spondin 1
• R-spondin homolog (Xenopus laevis)
• RSPONDIN
• R-spondin1
• R-spondin-1

Background

R-Spondin 1 (RSPO1, Roof plate-specific Spondin 1), also known as cysteine-rich and single thrombospondin domain containing protein 3 (Cristin 3), is a 27 kDa secreted protein that shares ~40% amino acid (aa) identity with three other R-Spondin family members (1, 2). All R-Spondins regulate Wnt/ beta-Catenin signaling but have distinct expression patterns (1-3). R-Spondin 1 competes with the Wnt antagonist DKK-1 for binding to the Wnt co-receptors, Kremen and LRP-6, reducing their DKK-1-mediated internalization (4). However, reports are mixed on whether R-Spondin 1 binds LRP-6 directly (4-6). R-Spondin 1 is expressed in early development at the roof plate boundary and is thought to contribute to dorsal neural tube development (3, 7). In humans, rare disruptions of the R-Spondin 1 gene are associated with tendencies for XX sex reversal (phenotypic male) or hermaphroditism, indicating a role for R-Spondin 1 in gender-specific differentiation (7, 8). Mutations in R-Spondin 1 are also linked with palmoplantar keratoderma, abnormal thickening of the skin on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet (7, 8). Postnatally, R-Spondin 1 is expressed by neuroendocrine cells in the intestine, adrenal gland and pancreas, and by epithelia in kidney and prostate (9). Injection of recombinant R-Spondin 1 in mice causes activation of beta-catenin and proliferation of intestinal crypt epithelial cells, and ameliorates experimental colitis (9, 10). Interest in R-Spondin 1 as a cell culture supplement has grown with the expansion of the organoid field. R-Spondin 1 is widely used in organoid cell culture workflows as a vital component that promotes both growth and survival of 3D organoids (11).

Structurally similar to other R-Spondins, R-Spondin 1 contains two adjacent cysteine-rich furin-like domains (aa 34-135) with one potential N-glycosylation site, followed by a thrombospondin (TSP-1) motif (aa 147-207) and a region rich in basic residues (aa 211-263). Only the furin-like domains are needed for beta-catenin stabilization (2, 12). A putative nuclear localization signal at the C-terminus may allow some expression in the nucleus (13). Potential isoforms of 200 and 236 aa have an alternate, shorter N-terminus or are missing aa 146-208, respectively (14). Over aa 21-263, human R-Spondin 1 shares 89%, 87%, 92%, 91%, 91% and 89% aa identity with mouse, rat, horse, dog, goat, and cow RSPO-1, respectively.

1. Chen, J-Z. et al. (2002) Mol. Biol. Rep. 29:287.
2. Kim, K.-A. et al. (2006) Cell Cycle 5:23.
3. Nam, J.-S. et al. (2007) Gene Expr. Patterns 7:306.
4. Binnerts, M.E. et al. (2007) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104:14700.
5. Nam, J.-S. et al. (2006) J. Biol. Chem. 281:13247.
6. Wei, Q. et al. (2007) J. Biol. Chem. 282:15903.
7. Kamata, T. et al. (2004) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1676:51.
8. Parma, P. et al. (2006) Nat. Genet. 38:1304.
9. Kim, K.-A. et al. (2005) Science 309:1256.
10. Zhao, J. et al. (2007) Gastroenterology 132:1331.
11. Drost and Clevers. (2018) Nature Reviews Cancer 18:407.
12. Kazanskaya, O. et al. (2004) Dev. Cell 7:525.
13. Tomaselli, S. et al. (2008) Hum. Mutat. 29:220.
14. UniProt # Q2MKA7.

Publications for R-Spondin 1 (4645-RS/CF)(97)

Publications using 4645-RS/CF

• Lekkala, VKR;Shrestha, S;Al Qaryoute, A;Dhinoja, S;Acharya, P;Raheem, A;Jagadeeswaran, P;Lee, MY; Enhanced Maturity and Functionality of Vascularized Human Liver Organoids through 3D Bioprinting and Pillar Plate Culture bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology 2024-08-22 [PMID: 39229042] (Bioassay, Human)
• Shrestha, S;Acharya, P;Kang, SY;Vanga, MG;Lekkala, VKR;Liu, J;Yang, Y;Joshi, P;Lee, MY; Regenerative human liver organoids (HLOs) in a pillar/perfusion plate for hepatotoxicity assays bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology 2024-03-29 [PMID: 38586058] (Human)
• M Nomura, Y Yokoyama, D Yoshimura, Y Minagawa, A Yamamoto, Y Tanaka, N Sekiguchi, D Marukawa, M Ichihara, H Itakura, K Matsumoto, Y Morimoto, H Tomihara, A Inoue, T Ogino, N Miyoshi, H Takahashi, H Takahashi, M Uemura, S Kobayashi, T Mizushima, T Anada, M Mori, Y Doki, M Tanaka, H Eguchi, H Yamamoto Simple Detection and Culture of Circulating Tumor Cells from Colorectal Cancer Patients Using Poly(2-Methoxyethyl Acrylate)-Coated Plates International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2023-02-16;24(4):. 2023-02-16 [PMID: 36835361] (Bioassay, Human)
• J Tian, JH Chen, SX Chao, K Pelka, M Giannakis, J Hess, K Burke, V Jorgji, P Sindurakar, J Braverman, A Mehta, T Oka, M Huang, D Lieb, M Spurrell, JN Allen, TA Abrams, JW Clark, AC Enzinger, PC Enzinger, SJ Klempner, NJ McCleary, JA Meyerhardt, DP Ryan, MB Yurgelun, K Kanter, EE Van Sevent, I Baiev, G Chi, J Jarnagin, WB Bradford, E Wong, AG Michel, IJ Fetter, G Siravegna, AJ Gemma, A Sharpe, S Demehri, R Leary, CD Campbell, O Yilmaz, GA Getz, AR Parikh, N Hacohen, RB Corcoran Combined PD-1, BRAF and MEK inhibition in BRAFV600E colorectal cancer: a phase 2 trial Nature Medicine, 2023-01-26;0(0):. 2023-01-26 [PMID: 36702949] (Bioassay, Human)
• Y Sun, OY Revach, S Anderson, EA Kessler, CH Wolfe, A Jenney, CE Mills, EJ Robitschek, TGR Davis, S Kim, A Fu, X Ma, J Gwee, P Tiwari, PP Du, P Sindurakar, J Tian, A Mehta, AM Schneider, K Yizhak, M Sade-Feldm, T LaSalle, T Sharova, H Xie, S Liu, WA Michaud, R Saad-Beret, KB Yates, A Iracheta-V, JKE Spetz, X Qin, KA Sarosiek, G Zhang, JW Kim, MY Su, AM Cicerchia, MQ Rasmussen, SJ Klempner, D Juric, SI Pai, DM Miller, A Giobbie-Hu, JH Chen, K Pelka, DT Frederick, S Stinson, E Ivanova, AR Aref, CP Paweletz, DA Barbie, DR Sen, DE Fisher, RB Corcoran, N Hacohen, PK Sorger, KT Flaherty, GM Boland, RT Manguso, RW Jenkins Targeting TBK1 to overcome resistance to cancer immunotherapy Nature, 2023-01-12;0(0):. 2023-01-12 [PMID: 36634707] (Bioassay, Human)
• M Matsumoto, Y Morimoto, T Sato, S Takeuchi Microfluidic Device to Manipulate 3D Human Epithelial Cell-Derived Intestinal Organoids Micromachines, 2022-11-26;13(12):. 2022-11-26 [PMID: 36557386] (Bioassay, Human)
• Y Niu, CA Ferreira A, X Li, E Kamali, O Haagen Nie, C Storgaard, M Frödin Multiparametric and accurate functional analysis of genetic sequence variants using CRISPR-Select Nature Genetics, 2022-12-05;54(12):1983-1993. 2022-12-05 [PMID: 36471068] (Bioassay, Human)
• RE Thompson, MA Meyers, C Premananda, FK Hollinshea Generation and cryopreservation of feline oviductal organoids Theriogenology, 2022-11-17;196(0):167-173. 2022-11-17 [PMID: 36423511] (Bioassay, Feline)
• Y Li, E Watanabe, Y Kawashima, DR Plichta, Z Wang, M Ujike, QY Ang, R Wu, M Furuichi, K Takeshita, K Yoshida, K Nishiyama, SM Kearney, W Suda, M Hattori, S Sasajima, T Matsunaga, X Zhang, K Watanabe, J Fujishiro, JM Norman, B Olle, S Matsuyama, H Namkoong, Y Uwamino, M Ishii, K Fukunaga, N Hasegawa, O Ohara, RJ Xavier, K Atarashi, K Honda Identification of trypsin-degrading commensals in the large intestine Nature, 2022-09-07;609(7927):582-589. 2022-09-07 [PMID: 36071157] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• RE Niec, T Chu, M Schernthan, S Gur-Cohen, L Hidalgo, HA Pasolli, KA Luckett, Z Wang, SR Bhalla, F Cambuli, RP Kataru, K Ganesh, BJ Mehrara, D Pe'er, E Fuchs Lymphatics act as a signaling hub to regulate intestinal stem cell activity Cell Stem Cell, 2022-06-20;29(7):1067-1082.e18. 2022-06-20 [PMID: 35728595] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• J Jeong, TH Kim, M Kim, YK Jung, KS Kim, S Shim, H Jang, WI Jang, SB Lee, D Choi Elimination of Reprogramming Transgenes Facilitates the Differentiation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells into Hepatocyte-like Cells and Hepatic Organoids Biology, 2022-03-23;11(4):. 2022-03-23 [PMID: 35453693] (Bioassay, Human)
• S Kim, S Min, YS Choi, SH Jo, JH Jung, K Han, J Kim, S An, YW Ji, YG Kim, SW Cho Tissue extracellular matrix hydrogels as alternatives to Matrigel for culturing gastrointestinal organoids Nature Communications, 2022-03-30;13(1):1692. 2022-03-30 [PMID: 35354790] (Bioassay, Human)
• M Wang, T Silva, JM Toothaker, BT McCourt, C Shugrue, G Desir, F Gorelick, L Konnikova Renalase and its receptor, PMCA4b, are expressed in the placenta throughout the human gestation Scientific Reports, 2022-03-23;12(1):4953. 2022-03-23 [PMID: 35322081] (Cell Culture, Human)
• T Higa, Y Okita, A Matsumoto, S Nakayama, T Oka, O Sugahara, D Koga, S Takeishi, H Nakatsumi, N Hosen, S Robine, MM Taketo, T Sato, KI Nakayama Spatiotemporal reprogramming of differentiated cells underlies regeneration and neoplasia in the intestinal epithelium Nature Communications, 2022-03-21;13(1):1500. 2022-03-21 [PMID: 35314700] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• KM Sutton, B Orr, J Hope, SR Jensen, L Vervelde Establishment of bovine 3D enteroid-derived 2D monolayers Veterinary research, 2022-03-02;53(1):15. 2022-03-02 [PMID: 35236416] (Cell Culture, Human)
• JA Rappaport, AA Entezari, A Caspi, S Caksa, AV Jhaveri, TJ Stanek, A Ertel, J Kupper, PM Fortina, SB McMahon, JB Jaynes, AE Snook, SA Waldman A beta-Catenin-TCF-Sensitive Locus Control Region Mediates GUCY2C Ligand Loss in Colorectal Cancer Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 2021-12-22;0(0):. 2021-12-22 [PMID: 34954189] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• Y Cheng, TR Hall, X Xu, I Yung, D Souza, J Zheng, F Schiele, M Hoffmann, ML Mbow, JP Garnett, J Li Targeting uPA-uPAR interaction to improve intestinal epithelial barrier integrity in inflammatory bowel disease EBioMedicine, 2021-12-18;75(0):103758. 2021-12-18 [PMID: 34933179] (Bioassay, Human, Mouse)
• A Gross, B Zhou, L Bewersdorf, N Schwarz, GM Schacht, P Boor, K Hoeft, B Hoffmann, E Fuchs, R Kramann, R Merkel, RE Leube, P Strnad Desmoplakin maintains transcellular keratin scaffolding and protects from intestinal injury Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 2021-12-17;0(0):. 2021-12-17 [PMID: 34929421] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• B Orr, K Sutton, S Christian, T Nash, H Niemann, LL Hansen, MJ McGrew, SR Jensen, L Vervelde Novel chicken two-dimensional intestinal model comprising all key epithelial cell types and a mesenchymal sub-layer Veterinary research, 2021-11-24;52(1):142. 2021-11-24 [PMID: 34819162] (Bioassay, Chicken)
• S Heino, S Fang, M Lähde, J Högström, S Nassiri, A Campbell, D Flanagan, A Raven, M Hodder, N Nasreddin, HH Xue, M Delorenzi, S Leedham, TV Petrova, O Sansom, K Alitalo Lef1 restricts ectopic crypt formation and tumor cell growth in intestinal adenomas Science Advances, 2021-11-17;7(47):eabj0512. 2021-11-17 [PMID: 34788095] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• S Lee, G Kalugotla, H Ingle, R Rodgers, C Wu, Y Wang, Y Li, X Yang, J Zhang, NR Borella, H Deng, L Droit, R Hill, ST Peterson, C Desai, D Lawrence, Q Lu, MT Baldridge Intestinal antiviral signaling is controlled by autophagy gene Epg5 independent of the microbiota Autophagy, 2021-09-14;0(0):1-16. 2021-09-14 [PMID: 34520306] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• BM Larsen, M Kannan, LF Langer, BD Leibowitz, A Bentaieb, A Cancino, I Dolgalev, BE Drummond, JR Dry, CS Ho, G Khullar, BA Krantz, B Mapes, KE McKinnon, J Metti, JF Perera, TA Rand, V Sanchez-Fr, JM Shaxted, MM Stein, MA Streit, YC Tan, Y Zhang, E Zhao, J Venkataram, MC Stumpe, JA Borgia, A Masood, DVT Catenacci, JV Mathews, DB Gursel, JJ Wei, TH Welling, DM Simeone, KP White, AA Khan, C Igartua, AA Salahudeen A pan-cancer organoid platform for precision medicine Cell Reports, 2021-07-27;36(4):109429. 2021-07-27 [PMID: 34320344] (Bioassay, Human)
• MDA Norman, SA Ferreira, GM Jowett, L Bozec, E Gentleman Measuring the elastic modulus of soft culture surfaces and three-dimensional hydrogels using atomic force microscopy Nature Protocols, 2021-04-14;0(0):. 2021-04-14 [PMID: 33854255] (Bioassay, Human)
• S Io, M Kabata, Y Iemura, K Semi, N Morone, A Minagawa, B Wang, I Okamoto, T Nakamura, Y Kojima, C Iwatani, H Tsuchiya, B Kaswandy, E Kondoh, S Kaneko, K Woltjen, M Saitou, T Yamamoto, M Mandai, Y Takashima Capturing human trophoblast development with naive pluripotent stem cells in�vitro Cell Stem Cell, 2021-04-07;28(6):1023-1039.e13. 2021-04-07 [PMID: 33831365] (Bioassay, Human)
• T Okamoto, D duVerle, K Yaginuma, Y Natsume, H Yamanaka, D Kusama, M Fukuda, M Yamamoto, F Perraudeau, U Srivastava, Y Kashima, A Suzuki, Y Kuze, Y Takahashi, M Ueno, Y Sakai, T Noda, K Tsuda, Y Suzuki, S Nagayama, R Yao Comparative Analysis of Patient-Matched PDOs Revealed a Reduction in OLFM4-Associated Clusters in Metastatic Lesions in Colorectal Cancer Stem Cell Reports, 2021-03-11;0(0):. 2021-03-11 [PMID: 33711267] (Bioassay, Human)
• S Akbari, ? Kunter, Y Azbazdar, G Ozhan, N Atabey, ZF Karagonlar, E Erdal LGR5/R-Spo1/Wnt3a axis promotes stemness and aggressive phenotype in hepatoblast-like hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines Cellular Signalling, 2021-03-06;0(0):109972. 2021-03-06 [PMID: 33684507] (Bioassay, Human)
• H Ingle, E Hassan, J Gawron, B Mihi, Y Li, EA Kennedy, G Kalugotla, H Makimaa, S Lee, P Desai, KG McDonald, MS Diamond, RD Newberry, M Good, MT Baldridge Murine astrovirus tropism for goblet cells and enterocytes facilitates an IFN-&amp;lambda response in vivo and in enteroid cultures Mucosal Immunology, 2021-03-05;0(0):. 2021-03-05 [PMID: 33674763] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• K Husain, D Coppola, CS Yang, MP Malafa Farnesyl dimethyl chromanol targets colon cancer stem cells and prevents colorectal cancer metastasis Scientific Reports, 2021-01-26;11(1):2185. 2021-01-26 [PMID: 33500430] (Bioassay, Human)
• JCM Chan, KN Mohammad, LY Zhang, SH Wong, MC Chan Targeted Profiling of Immunological Genes during Norovirus Replication in Human Intestinal Enteroids Viruses, 2021-01-21;13(2):. 2021-01-21 [PMID: 33494515] (Bioassay, Human)
• SK Sarvestani, S Signs, B Hu, Y Yeu, H Feng, Y Ni, DR Hill, RC Fisher, S Ferrandon, RK DeHaan, J Stiene, M Cruise, TH Hwang, X Shen, JR Spence, EH Huang Induced organoids derived from patients with ulcerative colitis recapitulate colitic reactivity Nature Communications, 2021-01-11;12(1):262. 2021-01-11 [PMID: 33431859] (Bioassay, Human)
• A Di Grazia, I Marafini, G Pedini, D Di Fusco, F Laudisi, V Dinallo, E Rosina, C Stolfi, E Franzè, P Sileri, G Sica, G Monteleone, C Bagni, I Monteleone The Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein regulates RIP1K and colorectal cancer resistance to necroptosis Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2020-10-19;0(0):. 2020-10-19 [PMID: 33091622] (Bioassay, Human)
• K Dunbar, A Valanciute, A Lima, PF Vinuela, T Jamieson, V Rajasekara, J Blackmur, AM Ochocka-Fo, A Guazzelli, P Cammareri, MJ Arends, OJ Sansom, KB Myant, SM Farrington, MG Dunlop, FVN Din Aspirin Rescues Wnt-Driven Stem-like Phenotype in Human Intestinal Organoids and Increases the Wnt Antagonist Dickkopf-1 Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2020-09-22;0(0):. 2020-09-22 [PMID: 32971322] (Cell Culture, Human)
• D Chakravart, B Hu, X Mao, A Rashid, J Li, J Li, WT Liao, EM Whitley, P Dey, P Hou, KA LaBella, A Chang, G Wang, DJ Spring, P Deng, D Zhao, X Liang, Z Lan, Y Lin, S Sarkar, C Terranova, YL Deribe, SE Blutt, P Okhuysen, J Zhang, E Vilar, OH Nielsen, A Dupont, M Younes, KR Patel, NF Shroyer, K Rai, MK Estes, YA Wang, AA Bertuch, RA DePinho Telomere dysfunction activates YAP1 to drive tissue inflammation Nat Commun, 2020-09-21;11(1):4766. 2020-09-21 [PMID: 32958778] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• K Lloyd, S Papoutsopo, E Smith, P Stegmaier, F Bergey, L Morris, M Kittner, H England, D Spiller, MHR White, CA Duckworth, BJ Campbell, V Poroikov, VAP Martins Do, A Kel, W Muller, DM Pritchard, C Probert, MD Burkitt, SysmedIBD Using systems medicine to identify a therapeutic agent with potential for repurposing in inflammatory bowel disease Dis Model Mech, 2020-11-27;0(0):. 2020-11-27 [PMID: 32958515] (Bioassay, Human)
• RT Zwiggelaar, HT Lindholm, M Fosslie, M Terndrup P, Y Ohta, A Díez-Sánch, M Martín-Alo, J Ostrop, M Matano, N Parmar, E Kvaløy, RR Spanjers, K Nazmi, M Rye, F Drabløs, C Arrowsmith, J Arne Dahl, KB Jensen, T Sato, MJ Oudhoff LSD1 represses a neonatal/reparative gene program in adult intestinal epithelium Science Advances, 2020-09-11;6(37):. 2020-09-11 [PMID: 32917713] (Bioassay, Human)
• MA Sheridan, RC Fernando, L Gardner, MS Hollinshea, GJ Burton, A Moffett, MY Turco Establishment and differentiation of long-term trophoblast organoid cultures from the human placenta Nat Protoc, 2020-09-09;0(0):. 2020-09-09 [PMID: 32908314] (Bioassay, Human)
• A Scott, B Olack, JD Rouch, HA Khalil, BA Kokubun, NY Lei, J Wang, S Solorzano, M Lewis, JCY Dunn, MG Stelzner, JC Niland, MG Martín Comparison of Surgical and Cadaveric Intestine as a Source of Crypt Culture in Humans Cell Transplant, 2020-01-01;29(0):9636897209037. 2020-01-01 [PMID: 32907378] (Bioassay, Human)
• SI Mae, M Ryosaka, S Sakamoto, K Matsuse, A Nozaki, M Igami, R Kabai, A Watanabe, K Osafune Expansion of Human iPSC-Derived Ureteric Bud Organoids with Repeated Branching Potential Cell Rep, 2020-07-28;32(4):107963. 2020-07-28 [PMID: 32726627] (Bioassay, Human)
• Y Nanki, T Chiyoda, A Hirasawa, A Ookubo, M Itoh, M Ueno, T Akahane, K Kameyama, W Yamagami, F Kataoka, D Aoki Patient-derived ovarian cancer organoids capture the genomic profiles of primary tumours applicable for drug sensitivity and resistance testing Sci Rep, 2020-07-28;10(1):12581. 2020-07-28 [PMID: 32724113] (Bioassay, Human)
• Z Dantes, HY Yen, N Pfarr, C Winter, K Steiger, A Muckenhube, A Hennig, S Lange, T Engleitner, R Öllinger, R Maresch, F Orben, I Heid, G Kaissis, K Shi, G Topping, F Stögbauer, M Wirth, K Peschke, A Papargyrio, M Rezaee-Ogh, K Feldmann, AP Schäfer, R Ranjan, C Lubeseder-, DE Stange, T Welsch, M Martignoni, GO Ceyhan, H Friess, A Herner, L Liotta, M Treiber, G von Figura, M Abdelhafez, P Klare, C Schlag, H Algül, J Siveke, R Braren, G Weirich, W Weichert, D Saur, R Rad, RM Schmid, G Schneider, M Reichert Implementing cell-free DNA of pancreatic cancer patient-derived organoids for personalized oncology JCI Insight, 2020-08-06;5(15):. 2020-08-06 [PMID: 32614802] (Bioassay, Cell Culture, Human)
• S Xu, RWS Chan, T Li, EHY Ng, WSB Yeung Understanding the regulatory mechanisms of endometrial cells on activities of endometrial mesenchymal stem-like cells during menstruation Stem Cell Res Ther, 2020-06-17;11(1):239. 2020-06-17 [PMID: 32552749] (Bioassay, Human)
• S Yoshida, H Miwa, T Kawachi, S Kume, K Takahashi Generation of intestinal organoids derived from human pluripotent stem cells for drug testing Sci Rep, 2020-04-06;10(1):5989. 2020-04-06 [PMID: 32249832] (Bioassay, Human)
• M Zhang, M Haughey, NY Wang, K Blease, AM Kapoun, S Couto, I Belka, T Hoey, M Groza, J Hartke, B Bennett, J Cain, A Gurney, B Benish, P Castiglion, C Drew, J Lachowicz, L Carayannop, SD Nathan, J Distler, DA Brenner, K Hariharan, H Cho, W Xie Targeting the Wnt signaling pathway through R-spondin 3 identifies an anti-fibrosis treatment strategy for multiple organs PLoS ONE, 2020-03-11;15(3):e0229445. 2020-03-11 [PMID: 32160239] (IHC Control, Human)
• M Dossena, R Piras, A Cherubini, M Barilani, E Dugnani, F Salanitro, T Moreth, F Pampaloni, L Piemonti, L Lazzari Standardized GMP-compliant scalable production of human pancreas organoids Stem Cell Res Ther, 2020-03-04;11(1):94. 2020-03-04 [PMID: 32127043] (Tissue Culture, Human)
• NJ Hogrebe, P Augsornwor, KG Maxwell, L Velazco-Cr, JR Millman Targeting the cytoskeleton to direct pancreatic differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells Nat. Biotechnol., 2020-02-24;0(0):. 2020-02-24 [PMID: 32094658] (Cell Culture, Human)
• Y Wang, L Lifshitz, K Gellatly, CL Vinton, K Busman-Sah, S McCauley, P Vangala, K Kim, A Derr, S Jaiswal, A Kucukural, P McDonel, PW Hunt, T Greenough, J Houghton, M Somsouk, JD Estes, JM Brenchley, M Garber, SG Deeks, J Luban HIV-1-induced cytokines deplete homeostatic innate lymphoid cells and expand TCF7-dependent memory NK cells Nat. Immunol., 2020-02-17;21(3):274-286. 2020-02-17 [PMID: 32066947] (Cell Culture, Human)
• G Levin, BAA Koga, GG Belchior, ACO Carreira, MC Sogayar Production, purification and characterization of recombinant human R-spondin1 (RSPO1) protein stably expressed in human HEK293 cells BMC Biotechnol., 2020-01-20;20(1):5. 2020-01-20 [PMID: 31959207] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• SM Syed, M Kumar, A Ghosh, F Tomasetig, A Ali, RM Whan, D Alterman, PS Tanwar Endometrial Axin2+ Cells Drive Epithelial Homeostasis, Regeneration, and Cancer following Oncogenic Transformation Cell Stem Cell, 2019-12-26;26(1):64-80.e13. 2019-12-26 [PMID: 31883834] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• PG Boone, LK Rochelle, JD Ginzel, V Lubkov, WL Roberts, PJ Nicholls, C Bock, ML Flowers, RJ von Furste, BR Stripp, P Agarwal, AD Borowsky, RD Cardiff, LS Barak, MG Caron, HK Lyerly, JC Snyder A cancer rainbow mouse for visualizing the functional genomics of oncogenic clonal expansion Nat Commun, 2019-12-02;10(1):5490. 2019-12-02 [PMID: 31792216] (Cell Culture, Mouse)
• S Akbari, GG Sevinç, N Ersoy, O Basak, K Kaplan, K Sevinç, E Ozel, B Sengun, E Enustun, B Ozcimen, A Bagriyanik, N Arslan, TT Önder, E Erdal Robust, Long-Term Culture of Endoderm-Derived Hepatic Organoids for Disease Modeling Stem Cell Reports, 2019-09-12;13(4):627-641. 2019-09-12 [PMID: 31522975] (Cell Culture, Human)
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• CP Nielsen, KK Jernigan, NL Diggins, DJ Webb, JA MacGurn USP9X Deubiquitylates DVL2 to Regulate WNT Pathway Specification Cell Rep, 2019-07-23;28(4):1074-1089.e5. 2019-07-23 [PMID: 31340145] (Cell Culture, Human)
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• JD Barros-Sil, DE Linn, I Steiner, G Guo, A Ali, H Pakula, G Ashton, I Peset, M Brown, NW Clarke, RT Bronson, GC Yuan, SH Orkin, Z Li, E Baena Single-Cell Analysis Identifies LY6D as a Marker Linking Castration-Resistant Prostate Luminal Cells to Prostate Progenitors and Cancer Cell Rep, 2018-12-18;25(12):3504-3518.e6. 2018-12-18 [PMID: 30566873] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• B Zwarycz, AD Gracz, KR Rivera, IA Williamson, LA Samsa, J Starmer, MA Daniele, L Salter-Cid, Q Zhao, ST Magness IL22 Inhibits Epithelial Stem Cell Expansion in an Ileal Organoid Model Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2018-07-04;7(1):1-17. 2018-07-04 [PMID: 30364840] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• R Cruz-Acuña, M Quirós, S Huang, D Siuda, JR Spence, A Nusrat, AJ García PEG-4MAL hydrogels for human organoid generation, culture, and in vivo delivery Nat Protoc, 2018-09-01;0(0):. 2018-09-01 [PMID: 30190557] (Bioassay, Human)
• S Park, J Cui, WA Yu, L Wu, K Carmon, QJ Liu Differential activities and mechanisms of the four R-Spondins in potentiating Wnt/?-catenin signaling J. Biol. Chem., 2018-05-11;0(0):. 2018-05-11 [PMID: 29752411] (Bioassay, Human)
• YC Chen, CL Tsai, YH Wei, YT Wu, WT Hsu, HC Lin, YC Hsu ATOH1/RFX1/RFX3 transcription factors facilitate the differentiation and characterisation of inner ear hair cell-like cells from patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells harbouring A8344G mutation of mitochondrial DNA Cell Death Dis, 2018-04-01;9(4):437. 2018-04-01 [PMID: 29740017] (Bioassay, Human)
• J Li, J Li, SY Zhang, RX Li, X Lin, YL Mi, CQ Zhang Culture and characterization of chicken small intestinal crypts Poult. Sci., 2018-05-01;0(0):. 2018-05-01 [PMID: 29509914] (Bioassay, Avian - Chicken)
• AM Lebensohn, R Rohatgi R-spondins can potentiate WNT signaling without LGRs Elife, 2018-02-06;7(0):. 2018-02-06 [PMID: 29405118] (Bioassay, Human)
• NK Lee, Y Zhang, Y Su, S Bidlingmai, DW Sherbenou, KD Ha, B Liu Cell-type specific potent Wnt signaling blockade by bispecific antibody Sci Rep, 2018-01-15;8(1):766. 2018-01-15 [PMID: 29335534] (Bioassay, Human)
• A Fumagalli, SJE Suijkerbui, H Begthel, E Beerling, KC Oost, HJ Snippert, J van Rheene, J Drost A surgical orthotopic organoid transplantation approach in mice to visualize and study colorectal cancer progression Nat Protoc, 2018-01-04;13(2):235-247. 2018-01-04 [PMID: 29300390] (Bioassay, Human, Mouse)
• A Taguchi, R Nishinakam Higher-Order Kidney Organogenesis from Pluripotent Stem Cells Cell Stem Cell, 2017-11-09;0(0):. 2017-11-09 [PMID: 29129523] (Bioassay, Human)
• X Zhou, L Geng, D Wang, H Yi, G Talmon, J Wang R-Spondin1/LGR5 Activates TGF? Signaling and Suppresses Colon Cancer Metastasis Cancer Res., 2017-09-22;0(0):. 2017-09-22 [PMID: 28939678] (Bioassay, Human)
• H Isshiki, Y Arimura, K Nagaishi, K Kawakami, K Onodera, K Yamashita, Y Naishiro, M Fujimiya, K Imai, Y Shinomura Establishment of a refined culture method for rat colon organoids Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2017-05-27;0(0):. 2017-05-27 [PMID: 28559141] (Bioassay, Rat)
• Y Gao, A Cai, H Xi, J Li, W Xu, Y Zhang, K Zhang, J Cui, X Wu, B Wei, L Chen Ring finger protein 43 associates with gastric cancer progression and attenuates the stemness of gastric cancer stem-like cells via the Wnt-?/catenin signaling pathway Stem Cell Res Ther, 2017-04-26;8(1):98. 2017-04-26 [PMID: 28446252] (Bioassay, Human)
• SH Han, S Shim, MJ Kim, HY Shin, WS Jang, SJ Lee, YW Jin, SS Lee, SB Lee, S Park Long-term culture-induced phenotypic difference and efficient cryopreservation of small intestinal organoids by treatment timing of Rho kinase inhibitor World J. Gastroenterol, 2017-02-14;23(6):964-975. 2017-02-14 [PMID: 28246470] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• W Chen, S Ju, T Lu, Y Xu, X Zheng, H Wang, Y Ge, S Ju Directional delivery of RSPO1 by mesenchymal stem cells ameliorates radiation-induced intestinal injury Cytokine, 2017-02-20;95(0):27-34. 2017-02-20 [PMID: 28214675] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• L Nigmatulli, M Norkin, MM Dzama, B Messner, S Sayols, N Soshnikova Id2 controls specification of Lgr5+ intestinal stem cell progenitors during gut development EMBO J., 2017-01-11;36(7):869-885. 2017-01-11 [PMID: 28077488] (Bioassay, Mouse)
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• PGE2 is a direct and robust mediator of anion/fluid secretion by human intestinal epithelial cells Sci Rep, 2016-11-09;6(0):36795. 2016-11-09 [PMID: 27827428] (Bioassay, Human)
• SW Huang, C Walker, J Pennock, K Else, W Muller, MJ Daniels, C Pellegrini, D Brough, G Lopez-Cast, SM Cruickshan P2X7 receptor-dependent tuning of gut epithelial responses to infection Immunol. Cell Biol, 2016-08-25;95(2):178-188. 2016-08-25 [PMID: 27559003] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• Intestinal enteroids model GUCY2C-dependent secretion induced by heat-stable enterotoxins Infect Immun, 2016-09-19;0(0):. 2016-09-19 [PMID: 27481254] (Bioassay, Human)
• Novel Bi-specific Domain Antibody to LRP6 Inhibits Wnt and R-spondin Ligand-induced Wnt Signaling and Tumor Growth Mol Cancer Res, 2016-07-11;0(0):. 2016-07-11 [PMID: 27401612] (Bioassay, Human)
• Rouch J, Scott A, Lei N, Solorzano-Vargas R, Wang J, Hanson E, Kobayashi M, Lewis M, Stelzner M, Dunn J, Eckmann L, Martin M Development of Functional Microfold (M) Cells from Intestinal Stem Cells in Primary Human Enteroids. PLoS ONE, 2016-01-28;11(1):e0148216. 2016-01-28 [PMID: 26820624] (Bioassay, Human)
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• James M, Howells L, Karmokar A, Higgins J, Greaves P, Cai H, Dennison A, Metcalfe M, Garcea G, Lloyd D, Berry D, Steward W, Brown K Characterization and propagation of tumor initiating cells derived from colorectal liver metastases: trials, tribulations and a cautionary note. PLoS ONE, 2015-02-06;10(2):e0117776. 2015-02-06 [PMID: 25658706] (Bioassay, Human)
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• Carmon K, Gong X, Yi J, Thomas A, Liu Q RSPO-LGR4 functions via IQGAP1 to potentiate Wnt signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2014-03-17;111(13):E1221-9. 2014-03-17 [PMID: 24639526] (Bioassay, Human)
• Guezguez A, Pare F, Benoit Y, Basora N, Beaulieu J Modulation of stemness in a human normal intestinal epithelial crypt cell line by activation of the WNT signaling pathway. Exp Cell Res, 2014-02-15;322(2):355-64. 2014-02-15 [PMID: 24534551] (Bioassay, Human)
• Ronaghi , Mohammad, Nasr , Marjan, Ealy , Megan, Durruthy-Durruthy , Robert, Waldhaus , Joerg, Diaz , Giovanni, Joubert , Lydia-Ma, Oshima , Kazuo, Heller , Stefan Inner ear hair cell-like cells from human embryonic stem cells. Stem Cells Dev, 2014-03-10;23(11):1275-84. 2014-03-10 [PMID: 24512547] (Bioassay, Human)
• Wu C, Qiu S, Lu L, Zou J, Li W, Wang O, Zhao H, Wang H, Tang J, Chen L, Xu T, Sun Z, Liao W, Luo G, Lu X RSPO2-LGR5 signaling has tumour-suppressive activity in colorectal cancer. Nat Commun, 2014-01-01;5(0):3149. 2014-01-01 [PMID: 24476626] (Bioassay, Human)
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• Lee J, Sugiyama T, Liu Y, Wang J, Gu X, Lei J, Markmann J, Miyazaki S, Miyazaki J, Szot G, Bottino R, Kim S Expansion and conversion of human pancreatic ductal cells into insulin-secreting endocrine cells. Elife, 2013-11-19;2(0):e00940. 2013-11-19 [PMID: 24252877] (Bioassay, Human)
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• Wilson TR, Fridlyand J, Yan Y, Penuel E, Burton L, Chan E, Peng J, Lin E, Wang Y, Sosman J, Ribas A, Li J, Moffat J, Sutherlin DP, Koeppen H, Merchant M, Neve R, Settleman J Widespread potential for growth-factor-driven resistance to anticancer kinase inhibitors. Nature, 2012-07-26;487(7408):505-9. 2012-07-26 [PMID: 22763448] (Bioassay, Human)
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• Role of Gadd45a in Wip1-dependent regulation of intestinal tumorigenesis. Cell Death Differ., 2012-05-04;19(11):1761-8. 2012-05-04 [PMID: 22555459] (Bioassay, Human)
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Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: RSPO1
• Uniprot:
  • Q2MKA7(Human)