Recombinant Human Midkine Protein, CF

• Reactivity: Hu
• Applications: Bioactivity
• Format: Carrier-Free

Recombinant Human Midkine Protein, CF Summary

• Details of Functionality: Measured by its ability to enhance neurite outgrowth of E16-E18 rat embryonic cerebral cortical neurons. Muramatsu, H. and T. Muramatsu (1991) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commu. 177:652. Optimal neurite outgrowth was observed when neurons were plated on 96-well culture plates that had been pre-coated with 100 µL/well of a solution of 3.0-8.0 µg/mL of rhMK.
• Source: E. coli-derived human Midkine protein
  Lys23-Asp143
• Accession #: P21741.1
• N-terminal Sequence: Lys23
• Protein/Peptide Type: Recombinant Proteins
• Gene: MDK
• Purity: >97%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain
• Endotoxin Note: <0.01 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Bioactivity
• Theoretical MW: 13.3 kDa.
  Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors.

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS.
• Purity: >97%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in sterile PBS. Reconstituted rhMK should be used immediately or aliquoted and stored at -20° C to -70° C.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for Recombinant Human Midkine Protein, CF

• Amphiregulin-associated protein
• ARAP
• MDK
• MEK
• Midgestation and kidney protein
• midkine (neurite growth-promoting factor 2)
• Midkine
• MK1
• MKARAP
• NEGF2
• NEGF2FLJ27379
• Neurite outgrowth-promoting factor 2
• Neurite outgrowth-promoting protein

Background

Midkine (MK) is a 15 kDa heparin-binding molecule originally cloned during a search for genes preferentially transcribed during retinoic acid (RA)-induced differentiation. Midkine belongs to a family of neurotrophic and developmentally-regulated heparin-binding molecules consisting of midkine, pleiotrophin (PTN/HBNF/OSF-1/HNGF-8) and the avian midkine homolog, RI-HB (for retinoic acid-inducible heparin-binding protein).

Midkine is a highly basic, nonglycosylated polypeptide that contains five intrachain disulfide bonds. The predicted molecular weight is approximately 13.3 kDa, based on a mature peptide length of 118 amino acid residues in the mouse and 121 amino acid residues in the human. Across species, MK shows 87% identity between the human and murine proteins. Between family members, human MK is approximately 50% identical to human PTN, with conservation of all 10 cysteines. Initial structure-function studies indicate that the C-terminal half of MK contains the principal heparin-binding site plus the molecule’s antigenicity and neurite-promoting sequences; while both the C- and N-termini are necessary for the molecule’s neurotrophic effects. Cells known to produce MK include endothelial cells, fetal astrocytes, renal proximal tubule epithelial cells and Wilms’ (kidney) tumor cells. MK has also been identified in the senile plaques of patients with Alzheimer’s disease. The pattern of expression of midkine during development strongly suggests a role for this factor both in epithelial-mesenchymal interactions and in development of the nervous system.

1. Bohlen, P. and I. Kovesdi (1991) Prog. Growth Factor Res. 3:143.
2. Muramatsu, T. (1993) Int. J. Dev. Biol. 37:183.

Publications for Midkine (258-MD)(8)

Publications using 258-MD

• Hashimoto, M;Kojima, Y;Sakamoto, T;Ozato, Y;Nakano, Y;Abe, T;Hosoda, K;Saito, H;Higuchi, S;Hisamatsu, Y;Toshima, T;Yonemura, Y;Masuda, T;Hata, T;Nagayama, S;Kagawa, K;Goto, Y;Utou, M;Gamachi, A;Imamura, K;Kuze, Y;Zenkoh, J;Suzuki, A;Takahashi, K;Niida, A;Hirose, H;Hayashi, S;Koseki, J;Fukuchi, S;Murakami, K;Yoshizumi, T;Kadomatsu, K;Tobo, T;Oda, Y;Uemura, M;Eguchi, H;Doki, Y;Mori, M;Oshima, M;Shibata, T;Suzuki, Y;Shimamura, T;Mimori, K; Spatial and single-cell colocalisation analysis reveals MDK-mediated immunosuppressive environment with regulatory T cells in colorectal carcinogenesis EBioMedicine 2024-04-09 [PMID: 38614865] (Bioassay, Human)
• DA Jeffrey, J Pires Da S, AM Garcia, X Jiang, A Karimpour-, LS Toni, T Lanzicher, B Peña, CA Miyano, K Nunley, A Korst, O Sbaizero, MR Taylor, SD Miyamoto, BL Stauffer, CC Sucharov Serum circulating proteins from pediatric dilated cardiomyopathy patients cause pathologic remodeling and cardiomyocyte stiffness JCI Insight, 2021-10-08;0(0):. 2021-10-08 [PMID: 34383712] (Bioassay, Rats)
• B Sun, C Hu, Z Yang, X Zhang, L Zhao, J Xiong, J Ma, L Chen, H Qian, X Luo, L Shi, J Li, X Cheng, Z Yin Midkine promotes hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis by elevating anoikis resistance of circulating tumor cells Oncotarget, 2017-05-16;8(20):32523-32535. 2017-05-16 [PMID: 28430645] (Bioassay, Human)
• Higashi K, Takeuchi Y, Mukuno A, Tomitori H, Miya M, Linhardt R, Toida T Composition of glycosaminoglycans in elasmobranchs including several deep-sea sharks: identification of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate from the dried fins of Isurus oxyrinchus and Prionace glauca. PLoS ONE, 2015-03-24;10(3):e0120860. 2015-03-24 [PMID: 25803296] (Surface Plasmon Resonance, Human)
• Rawnaq T, Dietrich L, Wolters-Eisfeld G, Uzunoglu F, Vashist Y, Bachmann K, Simon R, Izbicki J, Bockhorn M, Gungor C The multifunctional growth factor midkine promotes proliferation and migration in pancreatic cancer. Mol Cancer Res, 2014-02-24;12(5):670-80. 2014-02-24 [PMID: 24567526] (Bioassay, Human)
• Neunaber C, Catala-Lehnen P, Beil FT Increased trabecular bone formation in mice lacking the growth factor midkine. J. Bone Miner. Res., 2010-08-01;25(8):1724-35. 2010-08-01 [PMID: 20200993] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• Jin Z, Lahat G, Korchin B, Nguyen T, Zhu QS, Wang X, Lazar AJ, Trent J, Pollock RE, Lev D Midkine enhances soft-tissue sarcoma growth: a possible novel therapeutic target. Clin. Cancer Res., 2008-08-15;14(16):5033-42. 2008-08-15 [PMID: 18698021] (Bioassay, Human)
• Said EA, Krust B, Nisole S, Svab J, Briand JP, Hovanessian AG The anti-HIV cytokine midkine binds the cell surface-expressed nucleolin as a low affinity receptor. J. Biol. Chem., 2002-07-29;277(40):37492-502. 2002-07-29 [PMID: 12147681] (Bioassay, Human)

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: MDK
• Uniprot:
  • P21741.1()