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Midkine (MK) is a 13 kDa heparin-binding polypeptide which enhances neurite outgrowth, neuronal cell survival and plasminogen activator activity. MK is structurally divided into two domains, and most of the biological activities are located on the C-terminal domain. Both domains consist of three antiparallel beta-strands, but the C-terminal domain has a long flexible hairpin loop where a heparin-binding consensus sequence is located (1). MK is a member of a highly conserved, developmentally regulated human gene family. The gene product exhibits neurite outgrowth-promoting activity and may play a role in nervous system development and/or maintenance. Expression of MK is predominant only for a short period from approximately one-half to two-thirds of the way through gestation; before and after that, it is barely detectable (2)