Recombinant Human Integrin alpha V beta 6 Protein, CF

• Reactivity: Hu
• Applications: Binding Activity
• Format: Carrier-Free

Recombinant Human Integrin alpha V beta 6 Protein, CF Summary

• Details of Functionality: Measured by its binding ability in a functional ELISA. Immobilized Recombinant Human Integrin alpha V beta 6 at 2.0 µg/mL can bind Recombinant Human LAP TGF‑ beta 1 (Catalog # 246-LP) with an apparent K_d <0.1 nM.
• Source: Chinese Hamster Ovary cell line, CHO-derived human Integrin alpha V beta 6 protein
  

  Human Integrin alpha V (Phe31-Val992) Accession # NP_002201.1	His-Pro	GGGSGGGS	Acidic Tail
  Human Integrin beta 6 (Gly22-Asn707) Accession # P18564	His-His-Pro	GGGSGGGS	Basic Tail
  N-terminus			C-terminus

• Accession #: NP_002201.1 (Integrin alpha V) & P18564 (Integrin beta 6)
• N-terminal Sequence: Phe31 ( alpha V subunit) & Gly22 ( beta 6 subunit)
• Structure / Form: Noncovalently-linked heterodimer
• Protein/Peptide Type: Recombinant Proteins
• Gene: ITGAV
• Purity: >95%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Silver Staining and quantitative densitometry by Coomassie® Blue Staining.
• Endotoxin Note: <1.0 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Binding Activity
• Theoretical MW: 110.5 kDa ( alpha V subunit), 78.6 kDa ( beta 6 subunit).
  Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors.
• SDS-PAGE: 145 kDa and 115 kDa, reducing conditions

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in Tris, NaCl and CaCl₂.
• Purity: >95%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Silver Staining and quantitative densitometry by Coomassie® Blue Staining.
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in sterile PBS.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for Recombinant Human Integrin alpha V beta 6 Protein, CF

• CD51
• Integrin alpha V beta 6
• integrin subunit alpha V
• ITGAV
• MSK8
• VNRA
• VTNR

Background

Integrin alpha V beta 6 is one of five alpha V integrins and the sole beta 6 integrin (1, 2). The non-covalent heterodimer of 170 kDa alpha V/CD51 and 95 kDa beta 6 integrin subunits is expressed exclusively on subsets of epithelial cells, especially during development, after injury or inflammation, or on many carcinomas (2-5). The ligand interaction site of alpha V beta 6 is in the N-terminal head region formed by an interaction of the beta 6 vWFA domain with the alpha V beta-propeller structure (2). The alpha V subunit contains domains termed thigh, calf, and calf-2 with a divalent cation-binding site found at a position equivalent to the “knee”. The 962 aa human alpha V ECD (4), which is cleaved at aa 890 but remains associated, shares 92-95% aa sequence identity with mouse and bovine alpha V, while the 685 aa human beta 6 ECD (5) shares 90-93% aa sequence identity with mouse, rat, bovine, ovine, and porcine beta 6. Each subunit has a transmembrane sequence and a short cytoplasmic tail connected to the cytoskeleton. The beta 6 C-terminal 11 amino acid (aa) cytoplasmic sequence transduces a signal, enhancing proliferation and inducing MMP-9 expression (6). Either “inside-out” signaling or Mg²⁺ or Mn²⁺ binding unfolds and activates the integrin (1). Active alpha V beta 6 binds matrix proteins fibronectin and tenascin C (2). It also binds the TGF-beta latency‑associated peptide (LAP) and activates TGF-beta 1 or TGF-beta 3 from large latent complexes (7). This activation requires interaction with LTBP-1 and fibronectin, and is enhanced by PAR-1 (8, 9). Deletion of beta 6 ablates tonic inhibition of alveolar macrophages by TGF-beta , inhibits intestinal regulatory T cell production, and predisposes mice to inflammatory reactions in the skin, lungs, and intestines where irritations and microbial challenges are frequent (10-12). High alpha V beta 6 expression in carcinomas may contribute to progression through its effects on TGF-beta and MMP activity (3). The foot-and-mouth disease virus and several other viruses can use alpha V beta 6 as a receptor, and soluble alpha V beta 6 may block virus infectivity in vitro (13, 14).

1. Hynes, R.O. (2002) Cell 110:673.
2. Sheppard, D. (2004) Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 16:552.
3. Bandyopadhyay, A. and S. Raghavan (2009) Curr. Drug Targets 10:645.
4. Suzuki, S. et al. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262:14080.
5. Sheppard, D. et al. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265:11502.
6. Dixit, R.B. et al. (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271:25976.
7. Munger, J.S. et al. (1999) Cell 96:319.
8. Fontana, L. et al. (2005) FASEB J. 19:1798.
9. Jenkins, R.G. et al. (2006) J. Clin. Invest. 116:1606.
10. Huang, X.Z. et al. (1996) J. Cell Biol. 133:921.
11. Morris, D.G. et al. (2003) Nature 422:169.
12. Chen, X. et al. (2011) J. Leukoc. Biol. 90:751.
13. Berryman, S. et al. (2005) J. Virol. 79:8519.
14. Heikkila, O. et al. (2009) J. Gen. Virol. 90:197.

Publications for Integrin alpha V beta 6 (3817-AV)(8)

Publications using 3817-AV

• EG Norris, XS Pan, DC Hocking Receptor binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 is a functional alphav-integrin agonist bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology, 2022;0(0):. 2022 [PMID: 35441172] (Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR, N/A)
• N Rydell, H Ekoff, PM Hellström, R Movérare Measurement of Serum IgG Anti-Integrin alphavbeta6 Autoantibodies Is a Promising Tool in the Diagnosis of Ulcerative Colitis Journal of Clinical Medicine, 2022;11(7):. 2022 [PMID: 35407486] (ELISA Capture, Human)
• M Uzzan, JC Martin, L Mesin, AE Livanos, T Castro-Dop, R Huang, F Petralia, G Magri, S Kumar, Q Zhao, AK Rosenstein, M Tokuyama, K Sharma, R Ungaro, R Kosoy, D Jha, J Fischer, H Singh, ME Keir, N Ramamoorth, WEO Gorman, BL Cohen, A Rahman, F Cossarini, A Seki, L Leyre, ST Vaquero, S Gurunathan, EK Grasset, B Losic, M Dubinsky, AJ Greenstein, Z Gottlieb, P Legnani, J George, H Irizar, A Stojmirovi, C Brodmerkel, A Kasarkis, BE Sands, G Furtado, SA Lira, ZK Tuong, HM Ko, A Cerutti, CO Elson, MR Clatworthy, M Merad, M Suárez-Far, C Argmann, JA Hackney, GD Victora, GJ Randolph, E Kenigsberg, JF Colombel, S Mehandru Ulcerative colitis is characterized by a plasmablast-skewed humoral response associated with disease activity Nature Medicine, 2022;0(0):. 2022 [PMID: 35190725] (Bioassay, Human)
• M Bieri, R Hendrickx, M Bauer, B Yu, T Jetzer, B Dreier, PRE Mittl, J Sobek, A Plückthun, UF Greber, S Hemmi The RGD-binding integrins alphavbeta6 and alphavbeta8 are receptors for mouse adenovirus-1 and -3 infection PloS Pathogens, 2021;17(12):e1010083. 2021 [PMID: 34910784] (Bioassay, Human)
• Systematic site-directed mutagenesis of the Helicobacter pylori CagL protein of the Cag type IV secretion system identifies novel functional domains Sci Rep, 2016;6(0):38101. 2016 [PMID: 27922023] (ELISA Developmet, Human)
• Truncated Bovine Integrin Alpha-v/Beta-6 as a Universal Capture Ligand for FMD Diagnosis PLoS ONE, 2016;11(8):e0160696. 2016 [PMID: 27494135] (Bioassay, Virus)
• Barbariga , Marco, Curnis , Flavio, Spitaleri , Andrea, Andolfo , Annapaol, Zucchelli , Chiara, Lazzaro , Massimo, Magnani , Giuseppe, Musco , Giovanna, Corti , Angelo, Alessio , Massimo Oxidation-induced structural changes of ceruloplasmin foster NGR motif deamidation that promotes integrin binding and signaling. J Biol Chem, 2014;289(6):3736-48. 2014 [PMID: 24366863] (Bioassay, Human)
• Curnis F, Cattaneo A, Longhi R, Sacchi A, Gasparri AM, Pastorino F, Di Matteo P, Traversari C, Bachi A, Ponzoni M, Rizzardi GP, Corti A Critical role of flanking residues in NGR-to-isoDGR transition and CD13/integrin receptor switching. J. Biol. Chem., 2010;285(12):9114-23. 2010 [PMID: 20064928] (Binding Assay, Human)

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: ITGAV
• Uniprot:
  • NP_002201.1 (Integrin alpha V) & P18564 (Integrin beta 6)()