Recombinant Human IL-34 Protein

Recombinant human IL-34 (5265-IL) induces proliferation in human peripheral blood monocytes. The ED50 for this effect is 0.75-3.75 ng/mL.

• Reactivity: Hu
• Applications: Bioactivity

Recombinant Human IL-34 Protein Summary

• Details of Functionality: Measured in a cell proliferation assay using human peripheral blood monocytes. Lin, H. et al. (2008) Science 320:807. The ED₅₀ for this effect is 0.75-3.75 ng/mL.
• Source: Mouse myeloma cell line, NS0-derived human IL-34 protein
  Asn21-Pro242, with a C-terminal 6-His tag
• Accession #: NP_689669
• N-terminal Sequence: Asn21
• Protein/Peptide Type: Recombinant Proteins
• Gene: IL34
• Purity: >95%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain
• Endotoxin Note: <0.10 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Bioactivity
• Theoretical MW: 26.1 kDa.
  Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors.
• SDS-PAGE: 35-38 kDa, reducing conditions

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS and NaCl with BSA as a carrier protein.
• Purity: >95%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in sterile PBS containing at least 0.1% human or bovine serum albumin.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for Recombinant Human IL-34 Protein

• C16orf77
• IL34
• IL-34
• interleukin 34

Background

Interleukin 34 (IL-34; also known as uncharacterized protein C16orf77) is secreted as a homodimer consisting of 39 kDa monomers (1). It belongs to no known cytokine family. Human IL-34 is synthesized as a 242 amino acid (aa) precursor that contains a 20 aa signal sequence and a 222 aa mature chain. The mature chain contains one potential site of N‑linked glycosylation. Human IL-34 is 71% identical to mouse IL-34 on the amino acid level (1). IL-34 is expressed in various tissues, including the heart, brain, liver, kidney, spleen, thymus, testes, ovary, small intestine, prostate, and colon, and is most abundant in the spleen (1). The receptor for IL-34 is colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF-1R) (1). IL-34 stimulates monocyte proliferation (1). In functional studies, IL-34, like CSF-1, the other ligand for CSF-1R, stimulated phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1 and -2 (ERK1/2) in human monocytes (1). In addition, IL-34 promoted the formation of the colony-forming unit‑macrophage (CFU-M), a macrophage progenitor, in human bone marrow cultures (1).

1. Lin, H. et al. (2008) Science 320:807.

Publications for IL-34 (5265-IL)(23)

Publications using 5265-IL

• Vo, N;Rillahan, CD;Chatila, ZK;Virga, DM;Hall, JL;Tamucci, KA;Rashid, M;Connor, SM;Chintamen, S;Guzman, G;Taga, M;Liu, M;De Jager, PL;St George-Hyslop, P;Lee, AJ;Vardarajan, BN;Bennett, DA;Kohler, JJ;Schenone, M;Elyaman, W;Carr, SA;Bradshaw, EM; CD33-CD45 Interaction Reveals a Mechanistic Link to Alzheimer's Disease Susceptibility bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology 2025-07-31 [PMID: 40766398] (Bioassay, Human)
• Patel, R;Cardona, CL;Angeles, E;Singh, G;Ashok, A;Teich, AF;Sproul, AA; Reduced SH3RF3 may protect against Alzheimer's disease by lowering microglial pro-inflammatory responses via modulation of JNK and NFkB signaling bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology 2024-06-28 [PMID: 38979369] (Bioassay, Human)
• Yildirim-Balatan, C;Fenyi, A;Besnault, P;Gomez, L;Sepulveda-Diaz, JE;Michel, PP;Melki, R;Hunot, S; Parkinson's disease-derived ?-synuclein assemblies combined with chronic-type inflammatory cues promote a neurotoxic microglial phenotype Journal of neuroinflammation 2024-02-21 [PMID: 38383421] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• Sung, W;Noh, MY;Nahm, M;Kim, YS;Ki, CS;Kim, YE;Kim, HJ;Kim, SH; Progranulin haploinsufficiency mediates cytoplasmic TDP-43 aggregation with lysosomal abnormalities in human microglia Journal of neuroinflammation 2024-02-13 [PMID: 38347588] (Bioassay, Human)
• Finotti, G;Pietronigro, E;Balanzin, C;Lonardi, S;Constantin, G;Chao, MP;Tecchio, C;Vermi, W;Cassatella, MA; slan+ monocytes kill cancer cells coated in therapeutic antibody by trogoptosis Cancer immunology research 2023-09-11 [PMID: 37695535] (Bioassay, Human)
• Shirozu, N;Ohgidani, M;Hata, N;Tanaka, S;Inamine, S;Sagata, N;Kimura, T;Inoue, I;Arimura, K;Nakamizo, A;Nishimura, A;Maehara, N;Takagishi, S;Iwaki, K;Nakao, T;Masuda, K;Sakai, Y;Mizoguchi, M;Yoshimoto, K;Kato, TA; Angiogenic and inflammatory responses in human induced microglia-like (iMG) cells from patients with Moyamoya disease Scientific reports 2023-09-08 [PMID: 37684266] (Bioassay, Human)
• Pan, AL;Audrain, M;Sakakibara, E;Joshi, R;Zhu, X;Wang, Q;Wang, M;Beckmann, ND;Schadt, EE;Gandy, S;Zhang, B;Ehrlich, ME;Salton, SR; Dual-specificity protein phosphatase 6 (DUSP6) overexpression reduces amyloid load and improves memory deficits in male 5xFAD mice bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology 2023-08-25 [PMID: 37662269] (Bioassay, Human)
• Liaudanskaya, V;Fiore, NJ;Zhang, Y;Milton, Y;Kelly, MF;Coe, M;Barreiro, A;Rose, VK;Shapiro, MR;Mullis, AS;Shevzov-Zebrun, A;Blurton-Jones, M;Whalen, MJ;Symes, AJ;Georgakoudi, I;Nieland, TJF;Kaplan, DL; Mitochondria dysregulation contributes to secondary neurodegeneration progression post-contusion injury in human 3D in vitro triculture brain tissue model Cell death & disease 2023-08-03 [PMID: 37537168] (Bioassay, Human)
• L Feige, T Kozaki, G Dias de Me, V Guillemot, F Larrous, F Ginhoux, H Bourhy Susceptibilities of CNS Cells towards Rabies Virus Infection Is Linked to Cellular Innate Immune Responses Viruses, 2022-12-29;15(1):. 2022-12-29 [PMID: 36680128] (Bioassay, Human)
• Yang Shi, Prabhakar Sairam Andhey, Christina Ising, Kairuo Wang, Lisa L. Snipes, Kevin Boyer et al. Overexpressing low-density lipoprotein receptor reduces tau-associated neurodegeneration in relation to apoE-linked mechanisms Neuron 2021-08-01 [PMID: 34157306] (Bioassay, Transgenic Mouse)
• A Banerjee, Y Lu, K Do, T Mize, X Wu, X Chen, J Chen Validation of Induced Microglia-Like Cells (iMG Cells) for Future Studies of Brain Diseases Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, 2021-04-09;15(0):629279. 2021-04-09 [PMID: 33897370] (Bioassay, Human)
• M Poudel, G Kim, PY Bhattarai, JY Kim, HS Choi Interleukin-34-CSF1R Signaling Axis Promotes Epithelial Cell Transformation and Breast Tumorigenesis International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2021-03-08;22(5):. 2021-03-08 [PMID: 33800170] (Bioassay, Human)
• K Piotrowska, S S?uczanows, M Kurzawski, V Dziedziejk, P Kopytko, E Paczkowska, D Rogi?ska, K Safranow, B Machali?sk, A Pawlik Over-Expression of Allograft Inflammatory Factor-1 (AIF-1) in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis Biomolecules, 2020-07-16;10(7):. 2020-07-16 [PMID: 32708725] (Cell Culture, Human)
• SK Ryan, MV Gonzalez, JP Garifallou, FC Bennett, KS Williams, NP Sotuyo, E Mironets, K Cook, H Hakonarson, SA Anderson, KL Jordan-Sci Neuroinflammation and EIF2 Signaling Persist despite Antiretroviral Treatment in an hiPSC Tri-culture Model of HIV Infection Stem Cell Reports, 2020-03-26;0(0):. 2020-03-26 [PMID: 32220329] (Bioassay, Human)
• K Lin, J Ma, Y Peng, M Sun, K Xu, R Wu, J Lin Autocrine Production of Interleukin-34 Promotes the Development of Endometriosis through CSF1R/JAK3/STAT6 signaling Sci Rep, 2019-11-14;9(1):16781. 2019-11-14 [PMID: 31727934] (Bioassay, Human)
• CM Sellgren, J Gracias, B Watmuff, JD Biag, JM Thanos, PB Whittredge, T Fu, K Worringer, HE Brown, J Wang, A Kaykas, R Karmachary, CP Goold, SD Sheridan, RH Perlis Increased synapse elimination by microglia in schizophrenia patient-derived models of synaptic pruning Nat. Neurosci., 2019-02-04;0(0):. 2019-02-04 [PMID: 30718903] (Bioassay, Human)
• W Vermi, A Micheletti, G Finotti, C Tecchio, F Calzetti, S Costa, M Bugatti, S Calza, C Agostinell, S Pileri, P Balzarini, A Tucci, G Rossi, L Furlani, G Todeschini, A Zamò, F Facchetti, L Lorenzi, S Lonardi, MA Cassatella slan+ monocytes and macrophages mediate CD20-dependent B cell lymphoma elimination via ADCC and ADCP Cancer Res., 2018-05-10;0(0):. 2018-05-10 [PMID: 29748373] (Bioassay, Human)
• M Ohgidani, TA Kato, M Hosoi, M Tsuda, K Hayakawa, C Hayaki, R Iwaki, N Sagata, R Hashimoto, K Inoue, N Sudo, S Kanba Fibromyalgia and microglial TNF-?: Translational research using human blood induced microglia-like cells Sci Rep, 2017-09-19;7(1):11882. 2017-09-19 [PMID: 28928366] (Bioassay, Human)
• B Wang, Z Ma, M Wang, X Sun, Y Tang, M Li, Y Zhang, F Li, X Li IL-34 Upregulated Th17 Production through Increased IL-6 Expression by Rheumatoid Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes Mediators Inflamm., 2017-06-04;2017(0):1567120. 2017-06-04 [PMID: 28659662] (Bioassay, Human)
• ST Cheng, H Tang, JH Ren, X Chen, AL Huang, J Chen Interleukin-34 inhibits hepatitis B virus replication in vitro and in vivo PLoS ONE, 2017-06-14;12(6):e0179605. 2017-06-14 [PMID: 28614380] (In Vivo, Mouse)
• Foucher E, Blanchard S, Preisser L, Descamps P, Ifrah N, Delneste Y, Jeannin P IL-34- and M-CSF-induced macrophages switch memory T cells into Th17 cells via membrane IL-1alpha. Eur J Immunol, 2015-01-19;45(4):1092-102. 2015-01-19 [PMID: 25545357] (Differentiation, Differentiation, Human)
• Ohgidani , Masahiro, Kato , Takahiro, Setoyama , Daiki, Sagata , Noriaki, Hashimoto , Ryota, Shigenobu , Kazue, Yoshida , Tetsuhik, Hayakawa , Kohei, Shimokawa , Norihiro, Miura , Daisuke, Utsumi , Hideo, Kanba , Shigenob Direct induction of ramified microglia-like cells from human monocytes: dynamic microglial dysfunction in Nasu-Hakola disease. Sci Rep, 2014-05-14;4(0):4957. 2014-05-14 [PMID: 24825127] (Bioassay, Human)
• Cloning and expression of feline colony stimulating factor receptor (CSF-1R) and analysis of the species specificity of stimulation by colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) and interleukin-34 (IL-34). Cytokine, 2012-12-19;61(2):630-8. 2012-12-19 [PMID: 23260168] (Bioassay, Feline)

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: IL34
• Uniprot:
  • NP_689669()