Recombinant Human IL-18/IL-1F4 Protein, CF

Recombinant Human IL-18 (Catalog #9124-IL/CF) induces IFN-gamma secretion byKG‑1 human acute myelogenous leukemia cells. The ED50 for this effect is 1.5-9 ng/mL.

1 μg/lane of Recombinant HumanIL-18/IL-1F4 (Catalog # 9124-IL/CF) was resolved with SDS-PAGE under reducing (R) and non-reducing (NR) conditions and visualized by silver staining, showing a single band at 18 kDa.

• Reactivity: Hu
• Applications: Bioactivity
• Format: Carrier-Free

Recombinant Human IL-18/IL-1F4 Protein, CF Summary

• Details of Functionality: Measured by its ability to induce IFN-gamma secretion by KG‑1 human acute myelogenous leukemia cells in the presence of TNF-alpha . The ED₅₀ for this effect is 1.5-9 ng/mL.
• Source: E. coli-derived human IL-18/IL-1F4 protein
  Tyr37-Asp193
• Accession #: Q14116
• N-terminal Sequence: Tyr37
• Protein/Peptide Type: Recombinant Proteins
• Gene: IL18
• Purity: >95%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Silver Staining and quantitative densitometry by Coomassie® Blue Staining.
• Endotoxin Note: <0.10 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Bioactivity
• Theoretical MW: 18 kDa.
  Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors.
• SDS-PAGE: 19 kDa, reducing conditions

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS and DTT.
• Purity: >95%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Silver Staining and quantitative densitometry by Coomassie® Blue Staining.
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute at 200 μg/mL in PBS.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for Recombinant Human IL-18/IL-1F4 Protein, CF

• Iboctadekin
• IFN-gamma-inducing factor
• IGIF
• IGIFIL-1 gamma
• IL18
• IL-18
• IL-18MGC12320
• IL-1F4
• IL1F4iboctadekin
• IL-1g
• Interferon gamma-inducing factor
• interleukin 18 (interferon-gamma-inducing factor)
• Interleukin-1 gamma
• interleukin-18

Background

Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a proinflammatory cytokine in the IL-1 family that exerts distinct immune effects depending on the local cytokine environment. It is expressed as a 24 kDa precursor by endothelial and epithelial cells, keratinocytes, gamma δ T cells, and phagocytes. The precursor is activated intracellularly by Caspase-1 mediated proteolysis to release the 17 kDa mature cytokine. The precursor can also be released by necrotic cells for extracellular cleavage by multiple proteases.
IL-18 activation is induced by infection or tissue damage and contributes to disease pathology in chronic inflammation (1-3). IL-18 binds to the widely expressed
IL-18 R alpha which recruits IL-18 R beta to form the signaling receptor complex (4, 5). Its bioactivity is negatively regulated by interactions with IL-18 binding proteins and virally encoded IL-18BP homologs (6). In the presence of IL-12 or IL-15, IL-18 enhances anti-viral Th1 immune responses by inducing IFN-gamma production and the cytolytic activity of CD8⁺ T cells and NK cells (7, 8). In the absence of IL-12 or IL-15, however, IL-18 promotes production of the Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 by CD4⁺ T cells and basophils (9, 10). In the presence of IL-1 beta or IL-23, IL-18 induces the antigen-independent production of IL-17 by gamma δ T cells and CD4⁺ T cells (11).
IL-18 also promotes myeloid dendritic cell maturation and triggers neutrophil respiratory burst (12, 13). In cancer, IL-18 exhibits diverse activities including enhancing anti-tumor immunity, inhibiting or promoting angiogenesis, and promoting tumor cell metastasis (14). Mature human IL-18 shares approximately 63% amino acid sequence identity with mouse and rat IL-18 (15). Alternative splicing in human ovarian cancer generates an isoform that is resistant to Caspase-1 activation (16). A cell surface form can be expressed on M-CSF induced macrophages and released in response to bacterial endotoxin (17).

1. Dinarello, C.A. et al. (2013) Front. Immunol. 4:289.
2. Smith, D.E. (2011) J. Leukoc. Biol. 89:383.
3. Gu, Y. et al. (1997) Science 275:206.
4. Torigoe, K. et al. (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272:25737.
5. Cheung, H. et al. (2005) J. Immunol. 174:5351.
6. Novick, D. et al. (1999) Immunity 10:127.
7. Fehniger, T.A. et al. (1999) J. Immunol. 162:4511.
8. Yoshimoto, T. et al. (1998) J. Immunol. 161:3400.
9. Yoshimoto, T. et al. (2000) Nat. Immunol. 1:132.
10. Kroeger, K.M. et al. (2009) J. Leukoc. Biol. 86:769.
11. Lalor, S.J. et al. (2011) J. Immunol. 186:5738.
12. Li, J. et al. (2004) Cell. Immunol. 227:103.
13. Elbim, C. et al. (2005) Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 12:436.
14. Fabbi, M. et al. (2015) J. Leukoc. Biol. 97:665.
15. Ushio, S. et al. (1996) J. Immunol. 156:4274.
16. Gaggero, A. et al. (2004) Oncogene 23:7552.
17. Bellora, F. et al. (2012) Eur. J. Immunol. 42:1618.

Publications for IL-18/IL-1F4 (9124-IL/CF)(20)

Publications using 9124-IL/CF

• F Parween, SP Singh, HH Zhang, N Kathuria, FA Otaizo-Car, A Shamsaddin, PJ Gardina, S Ganesan, J Kabat, HA Lorenzi, TG Myers, JM Farber Chemokine positioning determines mutually exclusive roles for their receptors in extravasation of pathogenic human T cells bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology, 2023-02-13;0(0):. 2023-02-13 [PMID: 36789428] (Bioassay, Human)
• X Zhang, S Luo, M Wang, Q Cao, Z Zhang, Q Huang, J Li, Z Deng, T Liu, CL Liu, M Meppen, A Vromman, RA Flavell, GS Hotam??l?g, J Liu, P Libby, Z Liu, GP Shi Differential IL18 signaling via IL18 receptor and Na-Cl co-transporter discriminating thermogenesis and glucose metabolism regulation Nature Communications, 2022-12-08;13(1):7582. 2022-12-08 [PMID: 36482059] (Bioassay, Human)
• X Zhao, T Peng, X Cao, Y Hou, R Li, T Han, Z Fan, M Zhao, Y Chang, H Chen, C Li, X Huang In�vivo G-CSF treatment activates the GR-SOCS1 axis to suppress IFN-gamma secretion by natural killer cells Cell Reports, 2022-09-13;40(11):111342. 2022-09-13 [PMID: 36103837] (Bioassay, Human)
• YS Michaels, JM Edgar, MC Major, EL Castle, C Zimmerman, T Yin, A Hagner, C Lau, HH Hsu, MI Ibañez-Rio, LJ Durland, DJHF Knapp, PW Zandstra DLL4 and VCAM1 enhance the emergence of T cell-competent hematopoietic progenitors from human pluripotent stem cells Science Advances, 2022-08-24;8(34):eabn5522. 2022-08-24 [PMID: 36001668] (Bioassay, Human)
• Y Du, T Khera, B Strunz, K Deterding, D Todt, N Woller, SA Engelskirc, S Hardtke, K Port, A Ponzetta, E Steinmann, M Cornberg, J Hengst, NK Björkström, H Wedemeyer, HepNet Acu Imprint of unconventional T cell response in acute hepatitis C persists despite successful early antiviral treatment European Journal of Immunology, 2021-12-13;0(0):. 2021-12-13 [PMID: 34843107] (Bioassay, Human)
• S Deschler, J Kager, J Erber, L Fricke, P Koyumdzhie, A Georgieva, T Lahmer, JR Wiessner, F Voit, J Schneider, J Horstmann, R Iakoubov, M Treiber, C Winter, J Ruland, DH Busch, PA Knolle, U Protzer, CD Spinner, RM Schmid, M Quante, K Böttcher Mucosal-Associated Invariant T (MAIT) Cells Are Highly Activated and Functionally Impaired in COVID-19 Patients Viruses, 2021-02-03;13(2):. 2021-02-03 [PMID: 33546489] (Bioassay, Human)
• L Billiet, G Goetgeluk, S Bonte, S De Munter, L De Cock, M Pille, J Ingels, H Jansen, K Weening, F Van Nieuwe, T Kerre, T Taghon, G Leclercq, B Vandekerck Human Thymic CD10+ PD-1+ Intraepithelial Lymphocyte Precursors Acquire Interleukin-15 Responsiveness at the CD1a- CD95+ CD28- CCR7- Developmental Stage Int J Mol Sci, 2020-11-20;21(22):. 2020-11-20 [PMID: 33233766] (Bioassay, Human)
• B Zhou, DD Wang, Y Qiu, S Airhart, Y Liu, A Stempien-O, KD O'Brien, R Tian Boosting NAD Level Suppresses Inflammatory Activation of PBMC in Heart Failure J. Clin. Invest., 2020-11-02;0(0):. 2020-11-02 [PMID: 32790648] (Bioassay, Human)
• J Choi, JE Park, G Tsagkogeor, M Yanagita, BK Koo, N Han, JH Lee Inflammatory Signals Induce AT2 Cell-Derived Damage-Associated Transient Progenitors that Mediate Alveolar Regeneration Cell Stem Cell, 2020-08-03;27(3):366-382.e7. 2020-08-03 [PMID: 32750316] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• H Zhu, RH Blum, D Bernareggi, EH Ask, Z Wu, HJ Hoel, Z Meng, C Wu, KL Guan, KJ Malmberg, DS Kaufman Metabolic Reprograming via Deletion of CISH in Human iPSC-Derived NK Cells Promotes In�Vivo Persistence and Enhances Anti-tumor Activity Cell Stem Cell, 2020-06-11;0(0):. 2020-06-11 [PMID: 32531207] (Bioassay, Human)
• A Sattler, LG Thiel, AH Ruhm, N Souidi, M Seifert, G Herberth, K Kotsch The TL1A-DR3 Axis Selectively Drives Effector Functions in Human MAIT Cells J. Immunol., 2019-10-18;0(0):. 2019-10-18 [PMID: 31628153] (Bioassay, Human)
• P Sundström, L Szeponik, F Ahlmanner, M Sundquist, JSB Wong, EB Lindskog, B Gustafsson, M Quiding-Jä Tumor-infiltrating mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells retain expression of cytotoxic effector molecules Oncotarget, 2019-04-19;10(29):2810-2823. 2019-04-19 [PMID: 31073372] (Cell Culture, Human)
• JC Yu, G Lin, JJ Field, J Linden Induction of antiinflammatory purinergic signaling in activated human iNKT cells JCI Insight, 2018-09-06;3(17):. 2018-09-06 [PMID: 30185656] (Bioassay, Human)
• L Golden-Mas, RH McMahan, MS Kriss, AL Kilgore, L Cheng, RJ Dran, A Wieland, HR Rosen Early and late changes in natural killer cells in response to ledipasvir/sofosbuvir treatment Hepatol Commun, 2018-03-01;2(4):364-375. 2018-03-01 [PMID: 29619416] (Human)
• CL Zimmer, F Rinker, C Höner Zu S, MP Manns, H Wedemeyer, M Cornberg, NK Björkström Increased NK Cell Function after Cessation of Long-Term Nucleos(t)ide Analogue Treatment in Chronic Hepatitis B Associates with Liver Damage and HBsAg Loss J. Infect. Dis., 2018-04-23;0(0):. 2018-04-23 [PMID: 29471497] (Bioassay, Human)
• AW Clarke, L Poulton, D Shim, D Mabon, D Butt, M Pollard, V Pande, J Husten, J Lyons, C Tian, AG Doyle An anti-TL1A antibody for the treatment of asthma and inflammatory bowel disease MAbs, 2018-03-05;0(0):1-43. 2018-03-05 [PMID: 29436901] (Bioassay, Human)
• M Felices, AJ Lenvik, R McElmurry, S Chu, P Hinderlie, L Bendzick, MA Geller, J Tolar, BR Blazar, JS Miller Continuous treatment with IL-15 exhausts human NK cells via a metabolic defect JCI Insight, 2018-02-08;3(3):. 2018-02-08 [PMID: 29415897] (Bioassay, Human)
• H Jensen, SY Chen, L Folkersen, GP Nolan, LL Lanier EBI3 regulates the NK cell response to mouse cytomegalovirus infection Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 2017-01-31;0(0):. 2017-01-31 [PMID: 28143936] (Bioassay, Human)
• Shailesh Dudhgaonka Selective IRAK4 Inhibition Attenuates Disease in Murine Lupus Models and Demonstrates Steroid Sparing Activity J. Immunol, 2016-12-21;0(0):. 2016-12-21 [PMID: 28003376] (Bioassay, Human)
• Elena Vendrame Mass cytometry analytical approaches reveal cytokine-induced changes in natural killer cells Cytometry B Clin Cytom, 2017-01-01;0(0):. 2017-01-01 [PMID: 27933717] (Bioassay, Human)

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: IL18
• Uniprot:
  • Q14116()