Recombinant Human Artemin Protein, CF

• Reactivity: Hu
• Applications: Binding Activity, Bioactivity
• Format: Carrier-Free

Recombinant Human Artemin Protein, CF Summary

• Details of Functionality: Measured in a cell proliferation assay using SH‑SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. The ED₅₀ for this effect is 4-16 ng/mL. Measured by its binding ability in a functional ELISA. Immobilized Recombinant Human GFR alpha ‑3/GDNF R alpha ‑3 Fc Chimera (Catalog # 7269-FR) at 1 µg/mL (100 µL/well) can bind Recombinant Human Artemin with an apparent K_d <1 nM.
• Source: E. coli-derived human Artemin protein
  Ala108-Gly220
• Accession #: NP_476432
• N-terminal Sequence: Ala108
• Structure / Form: Disulfide-linked homodimer
• Protein/Peptide Type: Recombinant Proteins
• Gene: ARTN
• Purity: >95%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain
• Endotoxin Note: <0.01 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Binding Activity
  • Bioactivity
• Theoretical MW: 12 kDa (monomer).
  Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors.
• SDS-PAGE: 12 kDa, reducing conditions

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in HCl.
• Purity: >95%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in sterile 4 mM HCl.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for Recombinant Human Artemin Protein, CF

• Artemin
• ARTN
• Enovin
• EVN
• EVNneurotrophic factor
• NBN
• Neublastin

Background

Human Artemin (ARTN; also known as enovin and neublastin) is a GDNF family ligand that is distantly related to the TGF-beta superfamily of molecules (1-4). As such, it is synthesized as a preproprotein, and contains a variable length pre-, or signal sequence, plus a 68 amino acid (aa) proregion and a 113 aa mature segment (5-7). Alternate splicing and start sites create signal sequences of 22, 30 and 39 aa, respectively. Their significance is unknown. Following synthesis and proteolytic processing, mature ARTN is secreted as a presumably glycosylated, 28 kDa disulfide-linked homodimer that contains three intrachain disulfide bonds and the typical TGF-beta signature cysteine-knot motif (5, 7). In the mature region, human ARTN is 89% and 88% aa identical to rat (8) and mouse ARTN (5, 7), respectively. Cells known to express ARTN include Schwann cells (2) and embryonic vascular smooth muscle cells (9). Human ARTN is active on rodent cells (5). The receptor for ARTN has been identified as the ligand binding subunit GFR alpha -3 plus the signal transducing subunit, RET (1, 5). The GFR alpha -1/RET receptor complex has also been suggested to be a ligand binding unit for ARTN (2, 5). Evidence, however, suggests that the GFR alpha -1/RET complex plays no functional role in ARTN activity (10, 11). ARTN is known to be a chemoattractant for sympathetic neuron axons innervating the developing cardiovascular system (9). It also promotes sensory neuron survival and likely plays a role in the development of the peripheral nervous system (5). Finally, it has been reported to reverse neuropathic pain due to nerve injury, and to help resolve morphological changes associated with nerve damage (12).

1. Airaksinen, M.S. and M. Saarma (2002) Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 3:383. 
2. Saarma, M. (2000) Eur. J. Biochem. 267:6968. 
3. Sariola, H. et al. (2003) J. Cell Sci. 116:3855. 
4. Chang, H. et al. (2002) Endocr. Rev. 23:787. 
5. Baloh, R.H. et al. (1998) Neuron 21:1291. 
6. Masure, S. et al. (1999) Eur. J. Biochem. 266:892. 
7. Rosenblad, C. et al. (2000) Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 15:199.
8. Stover, T. et al. (2000) Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 76:25.
9. Honma, Y. et al. (2002) Neuron 35:267.
10. Rakowicz, W.P. et al. (2002) J. Neurosci. 22:3953.
11. Carmillo, P. et al. (2005) Biochemistry 44:2545.
12. Gardell, L.R. et al. (2003) Nat. Med. 9:1383.

Publications for Artemin (2589-AR/CF)(4)

Publications using 2589-AR/CF

• Y Han, Q Liu, J Hou, Y Gu, Y Zhang, Z Chen, J Fan, W Zhou, S Qiu, Y Zhang, T Dong, N Li, Z Jiang, H Zhu, Q Zhang, Y Ma, L Zhang, Q Wang, Y Yu, N Li, X Cao Tumor-Induced Generation of Splenic Erythroblast-like Ter-Cells Promotes Tumor Progression Cell, 2018-03-29;0(0):. 2018-03-29 [PMID: 29606356] (Bioassay, In Vivo, Human, Xenograft)
• Luo , Y, Tsuchiya , K D, Il Park , D, Fausel , R, Kanngurn , S, Welcsh , P, Dzieciatkowski , S, Wang , J, Grady , W M RET is a potential tumor suppressor gene in colorectal cancer. Oncogene, 2012-07-02;32(16):2037-47. 2012-07-02 [PMID: 22751117] (Bioassay, Human)
• Castonguay R, Werner ED, Matthews RG, Presman E, Mulivor AW, Solban N, Sako D, Pearsall RS, Underwood KW, Seehra J, Kumar R, Grinberg AV Soluble Endoglin Specifically Binds Bone Morphogenetic Proteins 9 and 10 via Its Orphan Domain, Inhibits Blood Vessel Formation, and Suppresses Tumor Growth. J. Biol. Chem., 2011-07-07;286(34):30034-46. 2011-07-07 [PMID: 21737454] (Surface Plasmon Resonance, Human, Mouse)
• Lu B, PereiraPerrin M A novel immunoprecipitation strategy identifies a unique functional mimic of the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor family ligands in the pathogen Trypanosoma cruzi. Infect. Immun., 2008-06-09;76(8):3530-8. 2008-06-09 [PMID: 18541656] (ELISA (Capture), Bacteria)

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: ARTN
• Uniprot:
  • NP_476432()