Recombinant Human Activin C Protein

• Reactivity: Hu
• Applications: Bioactivity

Recombinant Human Activin C Protein Summary

• Details of Functionality: Measured by its binding ability in a functional ELISA. When Recombinant Human Activin RIIA Fc Chimera (CHO) (Catalog # 340-RC2) is immobilized at 2.5 µg/mL (100 µL/well), the concentration of Recombinant Human Activin C that produces 50% of the optimal binding response is approximately 6‑30 ng/mL.
• Source: Human embryonic kidney cell, HEK293-derived human Activin C protein
  Gly237-Ser352
• Accession #: P55103
• N-terminal Sequence: Gly237
• Structure / Form: Disulfide-linked homodimer
• Protein/Peptide Type: Recombinant Proteins
• Gene: INHBC
• Purity: >95%, by SDS-PAGE with silver staining
• Endotoxin Note: <0.01 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Bioactivity
• Theoretical MW: 12.5 kDa (monomer).
  Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors.
• SDS-PAGE: 13 kDa, reducing conditions

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in HCl with BSA as a carrier protein.
• Purity: >95%, by SDS-PAGE with silver staining
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in 4 mM HCl.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for Recombinant Human Activin C Protein

• inhibin beta C chain
• Activin C
• IHBC
• INHBC
• inhibin, beta C

Background

Activins and Inhibins are TGF‑ beta superfamily proteins that regulate a wide range of processes including mesoderm induction, reproductive system development and function, liver growth and regeneration, wound healing, and inflammation. Activins signal through heterodimeric receptor complexes composed of type I (Activin RIA or RIB) and type II (Activin RIIA or RIIB) transmembrane Ser/Thr kinases. There are four human Inhibin beta subunits ( beta _A, beta _B, beta _C, and beta _E) and a single Inhibin alpha subunit, each of which adopts a cysteine‑knot structure (1‑3). Activins are disulfide‑linked homodimers or heterodimers of beta subunits, while Inhibins contain the alpha subunit and beta _A or  beta _B. Human beta _C consists of an 18 aa signal sequence, a 218 aa propeptide, and a 116 aa mature segment (4). Mature human beta _C shares 51%, 53%, and 64% aa sequence identity with human beta _A, beta _B, and beta _E, respectively. It shares 93% and 91% aa sequence identity with mouse and rat  beta _C, respectively. The expression of beta _C is restricted compared to the widespread distribution of beta _A and beta _B. Activin C is expressed as an approximately 20 kDa dimer predominantly by hepatocytes but also by multiple cell types in the male and female reproductive tracts, posterior pituitary and adrenal glands, and nociceptive afferent dorsal root ganglia neurons (5‑7). The beta _C subunit regulates Activin induced effects in a variety of systems by forming intracellular dimers with the beta _A subunit and impeding the release of Activins A and AB (8, 9). It also functions extracellularly by interfering with Activin A‑receptor interactions (6, 7, 10). beta _C can additionally form heterodimers with the beta _B or beta _E subunits (9, 11, 12).

1. Butler, C.M. et al. (2005) Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 16:377.
2. Werner, S. and C. Alzheimer (2006) Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 17:157.
3. Walton, K.L. et al. (2012) Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 359:2.
4. Hötten, G. et al. (1995) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 206:608.
5. Gold, E.J. et al. (2004) Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 222:61.
6. Wada, W. et al. (2004) Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 287:E247.
7. Liu, X.-J. et al. (2012) Brain 135:391.
8. Mellor, S.L. et al. (2003) Endocrinology 144:4410.
9. Mellor S.L. et al. (2000) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 85:4851.
10. Gold, E. et al. (2009) Am. J. Pathol. 174:184.
11. Vejda, S. et al. (2002) J. Mol. Endocrinol. 28:137.
12. Wada, W. et al. (2005) Endocr. J. 52:169.

Publications for Activin C/Inhibin beta C (1629-AC)(2)

Publications using 1629-AC

• KL Reader, S John-McHaf, S Zellhuber-, T Jowett, DG Mottershea, HE Cunliffe, EJ Gold Activin B and Activin C Have Opposing Effects on Prostate Cancer Progression and Cell Growth Cancers, 2022-12-27;15(1):. 2022-12-27 [PMID: 36612143] (Bioassay, Western Blot, Human, N/A)
• OE Olsen, H Hella, S Elsaadi, C Jacobi, E Martinez-H, T Holien Activins as Dual Specificity TGF-&amp;beta Family Molecules: SMAD-Activation via Activin- and BMP-Type 1 Receptors Biomolecules, 2020-03-29;10(4):. 2020-03-29 [PMID: 32235336] (Cell Culture, Human)

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: INHBC
• Uniprot:
  • P55103(Human)