PGLYRP1/PGRP-S Antibody (188C424)

Western Blot: PGLYRP1/PGRP-S Antibody (188C424) [NB100-56719] - Analysis using PGLYRP1/PGRP-S antibody. Lysate from human Jurkat cells probed with PGRP-S antibody at 2 ug/ml.

Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: PGLYRP1/PGRP-S Antibody (188C424) [NB100-56719] - IHC analysis of formalin fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) human esophagus using PGLYRPI/PGRP-S antibody at 20 ug/ml on a Bond Rx autostainer (Leica Biosystems). The assay involved 20 minutes of heat induced antigen retrieval (HIER) using 10mM sodium citrate buffer (pH 6.0) and endogenous peroxidase quenching with peroxide block. The sections were incubated with primary antibody for 30 minutes and Bond Polymer Refine Detection (Leica Biosystems) with DAB was used for signal development followed by counterstaining with hematoxylin. Whole slide scanning and capturing of representative images was performed using Aperio AT2 (Leica Biosystems). Staining of peripheral leukocytes and neutrophils was observed. Staining was performed by Histowiz.

• Reactivity: Hu, Mu
• Applications: WB, Flow, Flow-CS, Flow-IC, ICC/IF, IHC, IHC-Fr, IHC-P
• Clone: 188C424
• Clonality: Monoclonal
• Host: Mouse
• Conjugate: Unconjugated
• Concentration: 1.0 mg/ml

PGLYRP1/PGRP-S Antibody (188C424) Summary

• Immunogen: This antibody was developed against KLH-conjugated synthetic peptide corresponding to amino acids 165-180 (YVLKGHRDVQRTLSPG) of human PGRP-S (NP_005082).
• Isotype: IgG3 Kappa
• Clonality: Monoclonal
• Host: Mouse
• Gene: PGLYRP1
• Purity: Protein G purified

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Western Blot 2 ug/ml
  • Flow Cytometry 1:20-1:20000
  • Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence 1:20-1:1000
  • Immunohistochemistry 1:20-1:1000
  • Immunohistochemistry-Frozen 1:20-1:1000
  • Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin
  • Flow (Cell Surface)
  • Flow (Intracellular)
• Application Notes: Flow Cytometry (Cell Surface): See Uehara et al, (2005). Use in Flow-cell surface reported in scientific literature (PMID: 15839897). Use in Flow-intracellular reported in scientific literature (PMID: 19666596). Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: See Dukhanina et al (2009) Immunohistochemistry (frozen): See Onkelen et al (2012) The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors.
• Theoretical MW: 21.73 kDa.
  Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors.
• Control:

  Mouse Spleen Whole Tissue Lysate (Adult Whole Normal)

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Store at 4C short term. Aliquot and store at -20C long term. Avoid freeze-thaw cycles.
• Buffer: PBS
• Preservative: 0.05% Sodium Azide
• Concentration: 1.0 mg/ml
• Purity: Protein G purified

Alternate Names for PGLYRP1/PGRP-S Antibody (188C424)

• peptidoglycan recognition protein 1
• Peptidoglycan recognition protein short
• PGLYRP
• PGLYRP1
• PGRPpeptidoglycan recognition protein
• PGRPS
• PGRP-S
• PGRP-SMGC126894
• PGRPSMGC126896
• TAG7
• TNF superfamily, member 3 (LTB)-like (peptidoglycan recognition protein)
• TNFSF3L

Background

The primary immune recognition is based on structures common among invading pathogens. Bacterial surface molecules, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and peptidoglycan (PGN), are known to elicit immune reactions ranging from cytokine release to fever. Recently, a family of proteins called peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGRP) has been identified in mouse and human that binds to peptidoglycans expressed on Gram-positive bacteria. Peptidoglycan (PGN) is an essential cell wall component of virtually all bacteria and, thus, it is an excellent target for recognition by the eukaryotic innate immune system. The PGRPs (PGRP-L, PGRP-S, PGRP-Ia, and PGRP-Ib) define a new family of human pattern recognition molecules. PGRP-L is primarily expressed in the liver. Although liver is not considered a primary immune organ, liver participates in host defenses by producing acute phase proteins (by hepatocytes) in response to infections and by clearing microorganisms from blood. PGRP-S is present in neutrophils and inhibits growth of Gram-positive bacteria and, therefore, may function as a neutrophil antibacterial protein. However, PGRP-S may have another, as yet unidentified function because in humans it is expressed in the bone marrow 50-100 times higher than in neutrophils.

Limitations

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

Publications for PGLYRP1/PGRP-S Antibody (NB100-56719)(5)

Publications using NB100-56719

• van Onkelen RS, Mitalas LE, Gosselink MP et al. Assessment of microbiota and peptidoglycan in perianal fistulas. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2013 Jan [PMID: 23102557]
• Dukhanina EA, Kabanova OD, Lukyanova TI et al. Opposite roles of metastasin (S100A4) in two potentially tumoricidal mechanisms involving human lymphocyte protein Tag7 and Hsp70. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Aug 18 [PMID: 19666596] (Flow-IC, Human)
  
  Details:
  CD4+CD25+ human PBMCs were used with the PGRP-S (Tag7) 188C424 antibody in the following assays: 1. Flow (Intracellular): Figs S2C, S2D 2. IF: Figs S2E, S3.
• Uehara A, Takada H. Synergism between TLRs and NOD1/2 in oral epithelial cells. J Dent Res. 2008 Jul [PMID: 18573991] (Flow-CS)
  
  Details:
  flow (cell surface): PGRP-1alpha (IMG-391), PGRP-1beta (IMG-414), PGRP-S (IMG-393). Oral epithelial HSC-2 cell line stimulated with Fk156 or muramyldipeptide (MDP) plus FSL-1 and lipid A, Fig 1.
• Uehara A, Fujimoto Y, Fukase K, Takada H. Various human epithelial cells express functional Toll-like receptors, NOD1 and NOD2 to produce anti-microbial peptides, but not proinflammatory cytokines. Mol Immunol. 2007 May [PMID: 17403538] (Flow-CS, Human)
  
  Details:
  The following products were used in flow (cell surface): PGRP-1alpha (IMG-391), PGRP-1beta (IMG-414), PGRP-S (IMG-393). Human oral epithelial (HSC-2, HSC-3, SAS, & HO-1-u-1), human pharyngeal epithelial (HEp-2), human esophageal epithelial (TE-1), human b
• Uehara A, Sugawara Y, Kurata S et al. Chemically synthesized pathogen-associated molecular patterns increase the expression of peptidoglycan recognition proteins via toll-like receptors, NOD1 and NOD2 in human oral epithelial cells. Cell Microbiol. 2005 May [PMID: 15839897] (Flow-CS, ICC/IF)
  
  Details:
  Flow (cell surface): PGRP-1alpha (IMG-391), PGRP-1beta (IMG-414), and PGRP-S (IMG-393) were used in human oral epithelial (HSC-2) cell lines, Fig 3. IF/ICC: HSC-2 cells stimulated with or without lipid A, muramyldipeptide (MDP), gama-D-glutamyl-meso-DAP (

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: PGLYRP1
• Entrez:
  • 8993(Human)
  • 21946(Mouse)
• Uniprot:
  • O75594()