Mouse/Rat/Canine/Porcine TGF-beta 2 Quantikine ELISA Kit

• Reactivity: Mu, Rt, Po, Ca
• Applications: ELISA
• Conjugate: HRP

Mouse/Rat/Canine/Porcine TGF-beta 2 Quantikine ELISA Kit Summary

• Specificity: Recombinant and natural mouse, rat, canine and porcine TGF-beta 2.
• Source: N/A
• Assay Type: Solid Phase Sandwich ELISA
• Inter-Assay: See PDF Datasheet for details
• Intra-Assay: See PDF Datasheet for details
• Spike Recovery: See PDF Datasheet for details
• Sample Volume: See PDF Datasheet for details
• Gene: Tgfb2

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • ELISA
• Application Notes: No significant interference observed with available related molecules.

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Store the unopened product at 2 - 8 °C. Do not use past expiration date.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for Mouse/Rat/Canine/Porcine TGF-beta 2 Quantikine ELISA Kit

• BSC-1 cell growth inhibitor
• cetermin
• Glioblastoma-derived T-cell suppressor factor
• G-TSF
• MGC116892
• polyergin
• TGFB2
• TGFbeta 2
• TGF-beta 2
• TGF-beta2
• TGF-beta-2
• transforming growth factor beta-2
• transforming growth factor, beta 2

Background

TGF-beta 2 (Transforming Growth Factor beta 2) is one of three closely related mammalian members of the large TGF-beta superfamily that share a characteristic cysteine knot structure (1-7). TGF-beta 1, 2 and 3 are encoded by separate genes, but are often called isoforms. They are highly pleiotropic cytokines that are proposed to act as cellular switches regulating processes such as immune function, proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (4-8). Mammalian TGF-beta 2 is secreted as a 395 amino acid (aa) proprotein that is processed by a furin-like convertase to generate an N-terminal latency-associated peptide (LAP, ~232 aa) and a C-terminal mature TGF-beta 2 (~112 aa) that remain associated via hydrogen bonding (9-13). Serine proteases such as plasmin, matrix metalloproteases, or thrombospondin-1, along with cofactors such as certain integrins, can dissociate LAP and release active TGF-beta 2 (11-14). In many types of cells, latent TGF-beta binding protein (LTBP) is covalently linked to the LAP homodimer prior to secretion. LTBP creates a large latent complex that is secreted, but may bind and localize to the extracellular matrix (10, 11). For TGF-beta isoforms, the latency components act as natural antagonists of TGF-beta activity, target TGF-beta to distinct tissues, and maintain a reservoir of TGF-beta (1). Mature mouse and rat TGF-beta 2 share 100% aa sequence identity, and share 97% aa identity with human, porcine, canine, equine and bovine TGF-beta 2. 

TGF-beta 2 signaling begins with binding to a complex of the accessory receptor betaglycan (also known as TGF-beta RIII) and the TGF-beta RII type II ser/thr kinase receptor (15). In contrast, TGF-beta 1 and 3 have higher affinity for TGF-beta RII and do not require betaglycan (15). TGF-beta RII then phosphorylates and activates another ser/thr kinase receptor, TGF-beta RI (also called activin receptor-like kinase (ALK) -5), or alternatively, ALK-1. The whole complex phosphorylates and activates Smad proteins that regulate transcription (1, 6, 15, 16). Differences in structure of the prodomains and mature sequences of TGF-beta isoforms, and use of Smad-independent signaling pathways, allow for disparate actions observed in response to different TGF-beta isoforms and contexts (1-3, 12, 13, 15, 16). 

Although many functions are overlapping, each TGF-beta isoform has some non-redundant functions. TGF-beta 2 plays a non-redundant role in human and mouse developmental heart valve remodeling, and mice with targeted deletions of TGF-beta 2 show defects in development of the cardiac system as well as lung, craniofacial, limb, eye, ear and urogenital systems (2, 7, 17, 28). TGF-beta 2 plays a unique positive regulatory role in hematopoiesis by enhancing Flt-3 signaling in hematopoietic progenitors (19). In humans, TGF-beta isoforms, especially TGF-beta 2, are identified as key factors in the progression of malignant glioma, gastric and ovarian cancer (8, 20-22). TGF-beta isoforms, particularly TGF-beta 2, suppress macrophage cytokine production and mucosal inflammatory responses in the developing intestine (23). In turn, macrophage LRP-1 can downregulate expression of TGF-beta 2 during vascular remodeling, which suppresses neo-intima formation (24).

⚠ WARNING: This product can expose you to chemicals including N,N-Dimethylforamide, which is known to the State of California to cause cancer. For more information, go to www.P65Warnings.ca.gov.

Publications for TGF-beta 2 (MB200)(14)

Publications using MB200

• Tammam, BMH;Habotta, OA;El-Khadragy, M;Abdel Moneim, AE;Abdalla, MS; Therapeutic role of mesenchymal stem cells and platelet-rich plasma on skin burn healing and rejuvenation: A focus on scar regulation, oxido-inflammatory stress and apoptotic mechanisms Heliyon 2023-09-01 [PMID: 37662797] (Rat)
• Lin, S;Panthi, S;Hsuuw, Y;Chen, S;Huang, M;Sieber, M;Hsuuw, Y; Regenerative Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cell on Cartilage Damage in a Porcine Model Biomedicines 2023-01-01 [PMID: 37509451] (Porcine)
• NM Alrasheed, RB Alammari, TK Alshammari, MA Alamin, AO Alharbi, AS Alonazi, AF Bin Dayel, NM Alrasheed alpha1A Adrenoreceptor blockade attenuates myocardial infarction by modulating the integrin-linked kinase/TGF-beta/Smad signaling pathways BMC cardiovascular disorders, 2023-03-24;23(1):153. 2023-03-24 [PMID: 36964489] (Rat)
• MK Ko, JI Woo, JM Gonzalez, G Kim, L Sakai, J Peti-Peter, JA Kelber, YK Hong, JC Tan Fibrillin-1 mutant mouse captures defining features of human primary open glaucoma including anomalous aqueous humor TGF beta-2 Oncogene, 2022-06-23;12(1):10623. 2022-06-23 [PMID: 35739142] (Mouse)
• G Chi, JH Pei, XQ Li EZH2-mediated H3K27me3 promotes autoimmune hepatitis progression by regulating macrophage polarization International immunopharmacology, 2022-02-19;106(0):108612. 2022-02-19 [PMID: 35193055] (Mouse)
• Q Li, X Lan, X Han, F Durham, J Wan, A Weiland, RC Koehler, J Wang Microglia-derived interleukin-10 accelerates post-intracerebral hemorrhage hematoma clearance by regulating CD36 Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 2021-02-13;94(0):437-457. 2021-02-13 [PMID: 33588074] (Mouse)
• R Zhang, J Jiang, Y Yu, F Wang, N Gao, Y Zhou, X Wan, Z Wang, P Wei, J Mei Analysis of structural components of decellularized scaffolds in renal fibrosis Bioactive materials, 2021-01-16;6(7):2187-2197. 2021-01-16 [PMID: 33511316] (Rat)
• SP Korpela, TK Hinz, A Oweida, J Kim, J Calhoun, R Ferris, RA Nemenoff, SD Karam, ET Clambey, LE Heasley Role of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor-induced interferon pathway signaling in the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma therapeutic response Journal of Translational Medicine, 2021-01-23;19(1):43. 2021-01-23 [PMID: 33485341] (Mouse)
• VE Sanchez, JP Lynes, S Walbridge, X Wang, NA Edwards, AK Nwankwo, HP Sur, GA Dominah, A Obungu, N Adamstein, PK Dagur, D Maric, J Munasinghe, JD Heiss, EK Nduom GL261 luciferase-expressing cells elicit an anti-tumor immune response: an evaluation of murine glioma models Sci Rep, 2020-07-03;10(1):11003. 2020-07-03 [PMID: 32620877] (Mouse)
• B Li, Z Yuan, P Jain, HC Hung, Y He, X Lin, P McMullen, S Jiang De novo design of functional zwitterionic biomimetic material for immunomodulation Sci Adv, 2020-05-29;6(22):eaba0754. 2020-05-29 [PMID: 32523997] (Mouse)
• Y Martín-Mar, L Fernández-, MH Sanchez-Re, N Marí-Buyé, FJ Rojo, J Pérez-Rigu, M Ramos, GV Guinea, F Panetsos, D González-N Evaluation of Neurosecretome from Mesenchymal Stem Cells Encapsulated in Silk Fibroin Hydrogels Sci Rep, 2019-06-19;9(1):8801. 2019-06-19 [PMID: 31217546] (Mouse)
• Y Zhang, H Tang, X Yuan, Q Ran, X Wang, Q Song, L Zhang, Y Qiu, X Wang TGF-?3 Promotes MUC5AC Hyper-Expression by Modulating Autophagy Pathway in Airway Epithelium EBioMedicine, 2018-07-08;0(0):. 2018-07-08 [PMID: 29997053] (Mouse)
• Okamura T, Sumitomo S, Morita K, Iwasaki Y, Inoue M, Nakachi S, Komai T, Shoda H, Miyazaki J, Fujio K, Yamamoto K TGF-beta3-expressing CD4+CD25(-)LAG3+ regulatory T cells control humoral immune responses. Nat Commun, 2015-02-19;6(0):6329. 2015-02-19 [PMID: 25695838] (Mouse)
• Martin C, Zaman M, Gilkey C, Salguero M, Hasturk H, Kantarci A, Van Dyke T, Freedman S Resolvin D1 and lipoxin A4 improve alveolarization and normalize septal wall thickness in a neonatal murine model of hyperoxia-induced lung injury. PLoS ONE, 2014-06-03;9(6):e98773. 2014-06-03 [PMID: 24892762] (Mouse)

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: Tgfb2