KIR2DL4/CD158d Antibody (181703) [Phycoerythrin]

Human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) NK cells were expanded with Cloudz Human NK Cell Expansion Kit (CLD004) for 10 days and stained with (A) Mouse Anti-Human KIR2DL4/CD158d PE-conjugated Monoclonal Antibody (Catalog # FAB2238P) or (B) Mouse IgG2A isotype control Antibody (IC003P) and Mouse Anti-Human NCAM-1/CD56 APC-conjugated Monoclonal Antibody (FAB2408A). Staining was performed using our Staining Membrane-associated Proteins protocol.

Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) treated with 150 ng/mL Recombinant Human IL-2 (Catalog # 202-IL) for 6 days were stained with Mouse Anti-Human KIR2DL4/CD158d PE-conjugated Monoclonal Antibody (Catalog # FAB2238P) and Mouse Anti-Human NCAM-1/CD56 APC-conjugated Monoclonal Antibody (Catalog # FAB2408A). Quadrant markers were set based on control antibody staining (Catalog # IC003P). View our protocol for Staining Membrane-associated Proteins.

• Reactivity: Hu
• Applications: Flow
• Clone: 181703
• Clonality: Monoclonal
• Host: Mouse
• Conjugate: Phycoerythrin

KIR2DL4/CD158d Antibody (181703) [Phycoerythrin] Summary

• Immunogen: BaF3 mouse pro-B cell line transfected with human KIR2DL4
  Accession # Q99706
• Specificity: Stains human KIR2DL4 transfected BaF/3 cells. It does not recognize transfectants that express KIR2DL1, 2DL2, 2DL3, 2DL5, 2DS1, 2DS2, 2DS4, 3DL1, 3DL2, or 3DS1.
• Source: N/A
• Isotype: IgG2a
• Clonality: Monoclonal
• Host: Mouse
• Gene: KIR2DL4
• Purity Statement: Protein A or G purified from hybridoma culture supernatant

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Flow Cytometry 10 uL/10^6 cells

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Protect from light. Do not freeze.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, 2 to 8 °C as supplied.
• Buffer: Supplied in a saline solution containing BSA and Sodium Azide.
• Preservative: Sodium Azide

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for KIR2DL4/CD158d Antibody (181703) [Phycoerythrin]

• 103AS
• 15.212
• CD158 antigen-like family member D
• CD158d antigen
• CD158d
• CD158DKIR103ASKiller cell inhibitory receptor 103AS
• G9P
• killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 2DL4
• killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor, two domains, long cytoplasmic tail, 4
• killer Ig receptor
• KIR103
• KIR-103AS
• KIR2DL4
• MHC class I NK cell receptor KIR103AS
• natural killer cell inhibitory receptor
• NK cell receptor

Background

KIR2DL4 (also known as 2DL4, p49, CD158d, KIR103) is a type I transmembrane protein of the killer cell Ig-like receptor (KIR) family expressed on NK and subsets of gamma δT and memory/effector alpha beta T cells. KIR2DL4 is a unique KIR (1-3); alleles are not clonally restricted but are expressed codominantly (4) in all activated NK cells and constitutively on CD56^hi NK cells. KIR members with two Ig-like domains (2D) usually express domains D1 and D2, but KIR2DL4 expresses D0 and D2. Other long-tailed (L) KIR have two cytoplasmic inhibitory signaling domains (ITIM), but KIR2DL4 has one ITIM and also exhibits characteristics of activating KIR (2). An arginine within the transmembrane sequence of KIR2DL4 interacts with the signaling molecule Fc epsilon RI-gamma , while in activating KIR, a transmembrane lysine interacts with DAP12 (1, 5). The KIR2DL4 gene is highly polymorphic. Seven splice variants missing one or more exons have been identified, but it is not clear whether these are expressed. Several of the nine alleles identified encode a frameshift creating a prematurely truncated protein. It is estimated that up to 25% of humans do not express KIR2DL4 capable of reaching the cell surface (1, 7, 10). Human KIR2DL4 is 65-83% amino acid identical to other primates. KIR receptors have no structural orthologs in non-primates, although mouse Ly49 proteins are functional orthologs. Cross-linking of KIR2DL4 induces NK cells to produce IFN-gamma (6, 7); stimulation with IL-2 upregulates cell surface expression on CD56^dim cells and allows cytotoxicity (7). Although a role in immune privilege of the fetus has been suggested due to reported recognition of fetal trophoblast HLA-G by KIR2DL4 in the maternal decidua (11), subsequent data have not supported this recognition (1, 9).

1. Lanier, L.L. (2005) Annu. Rev. Immunol. 23:225.
2. Faure, M. and E.O. Long (2002) J. Immunol. 168:6208.
3. Selvakumar, A. et al. (1996) Tissue Antigens 48:285.
4. Chan, H-W. et al. (2003) J. Exp. Med. 197:245.
5. Kikuchi-Maki, A. et al. (2005) J. Immunol. 174:3859.
6. Rajagopalan, S. et al. (2001) J. Immunol. 167:1877.
7. Kikuchi-Maki, A. et al. (2003) J. Immunol. 171:3415.
8. Gedil, M.A. et al. (2005) Tissue Antigens 65:402.
9. Witt, C.S. et al. (2002) Eur. J. Immunol. 32:18.
10. Goodridge, J.P. et al. (2003) J. Immunol. 171:1768.
11. Ponte, M. et al. (1999) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96:5674.

Limitations

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

Publications for KIR2DL4/CD158d Antibody (FAB2238P)(8)

Publications using FAB2238P

• V Mikhailova, P Grebenkina, E Khokhlova, A Davydova, Z Salloum, E Tyshchuk, V Zagainova, K Markova, I Kogan, S Selkov, D Sokolov Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines in the Context of NK Cell-Trophoblast Interactions International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2022-02-21;23(4):. 2/21/2022 [PMID: 35216502]
• R Wan, ZW Wang, H Li, XD Peng, GY Liu, JM Ou, AQ Cheng Human Leukocyte Antigen-G Inhibits the Anti-Tumor Effect of Natural Killer Cells via Immunoglobulin-Like Transcript 2 in Gastric Cancer Cell. Physiol. Biochem., 2017-12-07;44(5):1828-1841. 2017-12-07 [PMID: 29224003] (Flow Cytometry, Human)
• M López-Mont, E Alari-Pahi, J Sintes, JE Martínez-R, A Muntasell, M López-Bote Antibody-Dependent NK Cell Activation Differentially Targets EBV-Infected Cells in Lytic Cycle and Bystander B Lymphocytes Bound to Viral Antigen-Containing Particles J. Immunol., 2017-06-19;0(0):. 2017-06-19 [PMID: 28630095] (Flow Cytometry, Human)
• D Patel, G Gorelik, B Richardson Protein Phosphatase 5 Contributes to the Overexpression of Epigenetically Regulated T-Lymphocyte Genes in Patients with Lupus Lupus (Los Angel), 2016-12-30;1(3):. 2016-12-30 [PMID: 28239687] (Flow Cytometry, Human)
• Baudhuin J, Lesport E, Sousa S, Migraine J, Vigneron J, LeMaoult J, Carosella ED, Mooney N, Favier B HLA-G inhibition of NK-cell cytolytic function is uncoupled from tumor cell lipid raft reorganization. Eur. J. Immunol., 2012-01-19;42(3):700-9. 2012-01-19 [PMID: 22144141] (Flow Cytometry, Human)
• Liu Y, Chen Y, Richardson B Decreased DNA methyltransferase levels contribute to abnormal gene expression in "senescent" CD4(+)CD28(-) T cells. Clin. Immunol., 2009-04-25;132(2):257-65. 2009-04-25 [PMID: 19394279] (Flow Cytometry, Human)
• Cai L, Zhang Z, Zhou L, Wang H, Fu J, Zhang S, Shi M, Zhang H, Yang Y, Wu H, Tien P, Wang FS Functional impairment in circulating and intrahepatic NK cells and relative mechanism in hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Clin. Immunol., 2008-09-27;129(3):428-37. 2008-09-27 [PMID: 18824414] (Flow Cytometry, Human)
• Li G, Weyand CM, Goronzy JJ Epigenetic mechanisms of age-dependent KIR2DL4 expression in T cells. J. Leukoc. Biol., 2008-06-27;84(3):824-34. 2008-06-27 [PMID: 18586981] (Flow Cytometry, Human)

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: KIR2DL4
• Uniprot:
  • Q99706()