Human TGF-beta 2 Quantikine ELISA Kit

ELISA for active and total TGF-beta 2 in the media (A, B). At day 22, the concentration of active and total TGF-beta 2 in the media of IL-13 pre-treated NHBE at 1 and 10 ng/ml is significantly higher as compared to untreated NHBE (0 ng/ml of IL-13) media; * p < 0.01. At day 22 and day 28, the concentration of active TGF-beta 2 in the IL-13 pre-treated NHBE at 10 ng/ml is elevated compared to pre-treated NHBE at 1 ng/ml; # p < 0.01. At day 28 active and total TGF-beta 2 in IL-13 pre-treated NHBE at 10 ng/ml is increased compared to untreated NHBE; * p < 0.01. (C, D) At day 25, the NHBE pre-treated with IL-13 at 10 ng/ml, has higher levels of active and total TGF-beta 2 in the media as compared to untreated and pre-treated NHBE at 1 ng/ml co-cultured with NHLF (*, # p < 0.01 compared to 0 and 1 ng/ml IL-13 pre-treated NHBE co-cultured with NHLF, respectively). At day 31, there is no significant difference in the levels of active and total TGF-beta 2 between treatment conditions. NHLF represents levels of active and total TGF-beta 2 in media of fibroblasts in a collagen gel without NHBE co-culture. All experiments were performed using 3 donors, grown in duplicate, with 3–6 wells per condition. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following open publication (//respiratory-research.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1465-9921-9-27), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by R&D Systems.

ELISA for active and total TGF-beta 2 in the media (A, B). At day 22, the concentration of active and total TGF-beta 2 in the media of IL-13 pre-treated NHBE at 1 and 10 ng/ml is significantly higher as compared to untreated NHBE (0 ng/ml of IL-13) media; * p < 0.01. At day 22 and day 28, the concentration of active TGF-beta 2 in the IL-13 pre-treated NHBE at 10 ng/ml is elevated compared to pre-treated NHBE at 1 ng/ml; # p < 0.01. At day 28 active and total TGF-beta 2 in IL-13 pre-treated NHBE at 10 ng/ml is increased compared to untreated NHBE; * p < 0.01. (C, D) At day 25, the NHBE pre-treated with IL-13 at 10 ng/ml, has higher levels of active and total TGF-beta 2 in the media as compared to untreated and pre-treated NHBE at 1 ng/ml co-cultured with NHLF (*, # p < 0.01 compared to 0 and 1 ng/ml IL-13 pre-treated NHBE co-cultured with NHLF, respectively). At day 31, there is no significant difference in the levels of active and total TGF-beta 2 between treatment conditions. NHLF represents levels of active and total TGF-beta 2 in media of fibroblasts in a collagen gel without NHBE co-culture. All experiments were performed using 3 donors, grown in duplicate, with 3–6 wells per condition. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following open publication (//respiratory-research.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1465-9921-9-27), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by R&D Systems.

ELISA for active and total TGF-beta 2 in the media (A, B). At day 22, the concentration of active and total TGF-beta 2 in the media of IL-13 pre-treated NHBE at 1 and 10 ng/ml is significantly higher as compared to untreated NHBE (0 ng/ml of IL-13) media; * p < 0.01. At day 22 and day 28, the concentration of active TGF-beta 2 in the IL-13 pre-treated NHBE at 10 ng/ml is elevated compared to pre-treated NHBE at 1 ng/ml; # p < 0.01. At day 28 active and total TGF-beta 2 in IL-13 pre-treated NHBE at 10 ng/ml is increased compared to untreated NHBE; * p < 0.01. (C, D) At day 25, the NHBE pre-treated with IL-13 at 10 ng/ml, has higher levels of active and total TGF-beta 2 in the media as compared to untreated and pre-treated NHBE at 1 ng/ml co-cultured with NHLF (*, # p < 0.01 compared to 0 and 1 ng/ml IL-13 pre-treated NHBE co-cultured with NHLF, respectively). At day 31, there is no significant difference in the levels of active and total TGF-beta 2 between treatment conditions. NHLF represents levels of active and total TGF-beta 2 in media of fibroblasts in a collagen gel without NHBE co-culture. All experiments were performed using 3 donors, grown in duplicate, with 3–6 wells per condition. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following open publication (//respiratory-research.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1465-9921-9-27), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by R&D Systems.

ELISA for active and total TGF-beta 2 in the media (A, B). At day 22, the concentration of active and total TGF-beta 2 in the media of IL-13 pre-treated NHBE at 1 and 10 ng/ml is significantly higher as compared to untreated NHBE (0 ng/ml of IL-13) media; * p < 0.01. At day 22 and day 28, the concentration of active TGF-beta 2 in the IL-13 pre-treated NHBE at 10 ng/ml is elevated compared to pre-treated NHBE at 1 ng/ml; # p < 0.01. At day 28 active and total TGF-beta 2 in IL-13 pre-treated NHBE at 10 ng/ml is increased compared to untreated NHBE; * p < 0.01. (C, D) At day 25, the NHBE pre-treated with IL-13 at 10 ng/ml, has higher levels of active and total TGF-beta 2 in the media as compared to untreated and pre-treated NHBE at 1 ng/ml co-cultured with NHLF (*, # p < 0.01 compared to 0 and 1 ng/ml IL-13 pre-treated NHBE co-cultured with NHLF, respectively). At day 31, there is no significant difference in the levels of active and total TGF-beta 2 between treatment conditions. NHLF represents levels of active and total TGF-beta 2 in media of fibroblasts in a collagen gel without NHBE co-culture. All experiments were performed using 3 donors, grown in duplicate, with 3–6 wells per condition. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following open publication (//respiratory-research.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1465-9921-9-27), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by R&D Systems.

• Reactivity: Hu
• Applications: ELISA
• Conjugate: HRP

Human TGF-beta 2 Quantikine ELISA Kit Summary

• Background: The Quantikine Human TGF-beta 2 Immunoassay is a 4.5 hour solid-phase ELISA designed to measure activated TGF-beta 2 in cell culture supernates, serum, and plasma. The Quantikine Human TGF-beta 2 Immunoassay contains CHO cell-derived recombinant human TGF-beta 2 and antibodies raised against the recombinant protein. The assay has been shown to quantitate the recombinant factor accurately. Re...sults obtained using human TGF-beta 2 showed linear curves that were parallel to the standard curves obtained using the recombinant TGF-beta 2 kit standards. These results indicate that this kit can be used to determine relative mass values for natural human TGF-beta 2.
  Show More
• Specificity: Natural and recombinant human TGF-beta 2 and natural porcine TGF-beta 2.
• Source: N/A
• Assay Type: Solid Phase Sandwich ELISA
• Inter-Assay: See PDF Datasheet for details
• Intra-Assay: See PDF Datasheet for details
• Spike Recovery: See PDF Datasheet for details
• Sample Volume: See PDF Datasheet for details
• Gene: TGFB2

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • ELISA
• Application Notes: Interference observed with 1 or more available related molecules.

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Store the unopened product at 2 - 8 °C. Do not use past expiration date.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for Human TGF-beta 2 Quantikine ELISA Kit

• BSC-1 cell growth inhibitor
• cetermin
• Glioblastoma-derived T-cell suppressor factor
• G-TSF
• MGC116892
• polyergin
• TGFB2
• TGFbeta 2
• TGF-beta 2
• TGF-beta2
• TGF-beta-2
• transforming growth factor beta-2
• transforming growth factor, beta 2

Background

TGF-beta 2 is synthesized as a prepro-cytokine with a 19 amino acid (aa) signal sequence, a 283 aa pro-region, and a 112 aa mature segment (1-5). It dimerizes with formation of disulfide bonds between the 'pro' regions and disulfide bonds between the 'mature' regions. The mature region is 71% and 80% identical with human TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta 3 (6, 7) and 97% identical with the corresponding mouse protein (8). After proteolytic cleavage of the disulfide-linked mature region, it remains hydrogen-bonded to the disulfide-linked prosegments (LAP or latencyassociated protein) (1, 2, 9). If secreted in this form, LAP keeps TGF-beta 2 in an inactive state until dissociation, caused by proteases, glycosidases, or extreme pH (2, 9). In many types of cells, an additional protein, latent TGF-beta binding protein (LTBP), is covalently linked to the LAP homodimer prior to secretion. LTBP, a 130 kDa cysteine-rich glycoprotein, creates a 235 kDa large latent complex that is secreted, most likely binding to the extracellular matrix (1, 9-11). The latency components are believed to act as natural antagonists of TGF-beta activity, to target TGF-beta to distinct tissues, and to maintain a reservoir of TGF-beta (1, 2, 12). On release from latency, active homodimeric TGF-beta can bind to cell-surface receptors or to other proteins, such as alpha ₂-macroglobulin (13). 

The signal transducing receptor for TGF-beta 2 is a heterotetrameric complex of two type I signal-transducing receptors (53 kDa; TGF-beta RI) and two type II ligand-binding receptors (75-85 kDa; TGF-beta RII) (14-19). The binding of TGF-beta 2 appears to initially involve a type III TGF-beta receptor, either 300 kDa betaglycan (20) or 180 kDa endoglin (14, 21), which then "hands off" to TGF-beta RII. 

TGF-beta 2 is expressed by a variety of cells, including osteoclasts, thymic epithelium, keratinocytes, hepatocytes, chief cells of the stomach, satellite cells, skeletal muscle cells, prostatic epithelium, bronchial epithelium, neurons and astrocytes, fibroblasts and visceral smooth muscle, and macrophages (14-19). TGF-beta 2 has marked cross-species bioactivity (e.g., human TGF-beta 2 is active on mouse cells (33), while porcine TGF-beta 2 is active on rabbit cells (34)). TGF-beta 2 has four fundamental activities: it is a growth inhibitor for most types of cells; it enhances the deposition of extracellular matrix; it is immunosuppressive, suppressing APC expression of both IL-12 and CD40L while upregulating IL-10 secretion; and during fetal development, it is expressed in discrete areas, such as epithelium, myocardium, cartilage and bone of extremities and in the nervous system, suggesting specific functions (1, 35-37).

&#9888; WARNING: This product can expose you to chemicals including N,N-Dimethylforamide, which is known to the State of California to cause cancer. For more information, go to www.P65Warnings.ca.gov.

Publications for TGF-beta 2 (DB250)(61)

Publications using DB250

• Alsaed, B;Lin, L;Son, J;Li, J;Smolander, J;Lopez, T;Eser, P;Ogino, A;Ambrogio, C;Eum, Y;Thai, T;Wang, H;Sutinen, E;Mutanen, H;Duàn, H;Bobik, N;Borenius, K;Feng, W;Nabet, B;Mustjoki, S;Laaksonen, S;Eschle, B;Poitras, M;Barbie, D;Ilonen, I;Gokhale, P;Jänne, P;Haikala, H; Intratumor heterogeneity of EGFR expression mediates targeted therapy resistance and formation of drug tolerant microenvironment Nature communications 2025-01-02 [PMID: 39747003] (Human)
• Qian, G;Wang, Y;Yao, H;Zhang, Z;Wang, W;Xu, L;Li, W;Huang, L;Li, X;Gao, Y;Wang, N;Wang, S;Pan, J;Lv, H; Involvement of USP7 in aggravating Kawasaki disease by promoting TGF?2 signaling mediated endothelial-mesenchymal transition and coronary artery remodeling International immunopharmacology 2024-12-13 [PMID: 39674001] (Human)
• Y Zhao, Z Weng, X Zhou, Z Xu, B Cao, B Wang, J Li Mesenchymal stromal cells promote the drug resistance of gastrointestinal stromal tumors by activating the PI3K-AKT pathway via TGF-beta2 Journal of Translational Medicine, 2023-03-25;21(1):219. 2023-03-25 [PMID: 36966336] (Human)
• S Schulze, C Neuber, S Möller, U Hempel, LC Hofbauer, KD Schaser, J Pietzsch, S Rammelt Impact of Sulfated Hyaluronan on Bone Metabolism in Diabetic Charcot Neuroarthropathy and Degenerative Arthritis International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2022-12-02;23(23):. 2022-12-02 [PMID: 36499493] (Human)
• C Hawlitsche, J Brendel, P Gabriel, K Schierle, A Salameh, HG Zimmer, B Rassler How Effective Is a Late-Onset Antihypertensive Treatment? Studies with Captopril as Monotherapy and in Combination with Nifedipine in Old Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats Biomedicines, 2022-08-12;10(8):. 2022-08-12 [PMID: 36009511] (Rat)
• J Štšepetova, K Simre, A Tagoma, O Uibo, A Peet, H Siljander, V Tillmann, M Knip, R Mändar, R Uibo Maternal breast milk microbiota and immune markers in relation to subsequent development of celiac disease in offspring Scientific Reports, 2022-04-22;12(1):6607. 2022-04-22 [PMID: 35459889] (Human)
• K Sobierajsk, ME Wawro, J Niewiarows Oxidative Stress Enhances the TGF-beta2-RhoA-MRTF-A/B Axis in Cells Entering Endothelial-Mesenchymal Transition International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2022-02-13;23(4):. 2022-02-13 [PMID: 35216178] (Human)
• WT Shelton, SM Thomas, HR Alexander, CE Thomes, DE Conway, AD Dubash Desmoglein-2 harnesses a PDZ-GEF2/Rap1 signaling axis to control cell spreading and focal adhesions independent of cell-cell adhesion Scientific Reports, 2021-06-24;11(1):13295. 2021-06-24 [PMID: 34168237] (Human)
• M Kimsa-Dude, A Synowiec-W, A Krawczyk, C Kruszniews, J Gola A static magnetic field changes the expression profile of the transforming growth factor &amp;beta family genes in human cells that have been treated with fluoride ions Cytokine, 2021-04-16;0(0):155537. 2021-04-16 [PMID: 33867212] (Human)
• SP Korpela, TK Hinz, A Oweida, J Kim, J Calhoun, R Ferris, RA Nemenoff, SD Karam, ET Clambey, LE Heasley Role of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor-induced interferon pathway signaling in the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma therapeutic response Journal of Translational Medicine, 2021-01-23;19(1):43. 2021-01-23 [PMID: 33485341] (Human)
• AP Gomes, D Ilter, V Low, JE Endress, J Fernández-, A Rosenzweig, T Schild, D Broekaert, A Ahmed, M Planque, I Elia, J Han, C Kinzig, E Mullarky, AP Mutvei, J Asara, R de Cabo, LC Cantley, N Dephoure, SM Fendt, J Blenis Age-induced accumulation of methylmalonic acid promotes tumour progression Nature, 2020-08-19;0(0):. 2020-08-19 [PMID: 32814897] (Human)
• N Trempolec, C Degavre, B Doix, D Brusa, C Corbet, O Feron Acidosis-Induced TGF-beta2 Production Promotes Lipid Droplet Formation in Dendritic Cells and Alters Their Potential to Support Anti-Mesothelioma T Cell Response Cancers (Basel), 2020-05-19;12(5):. 2020-05-19 [PMID: 32438640] (Mouse)
• B Kociszewsk, E Sibanda, DM Radomska-L, K Taradaj, P Kocio?ek, T Ginda, M Gruszfeld, E Jankowska-, B Pietrzak, M Wielgo?, J Malejczyk Does Caesarean Section or Preterm Delivery Influence TGF-&amp;beta2 Concentrations in Human Colostrum? Nutrients, 2020-04-15;12(4):. 2020-04-15 [PMID: 32326558] (Human)
• L Michel, M Shevlyakov, E Ní Cléirig, E Eckhardt, S Holvoet, S Nutten, N Sprenger, A Körner, M Vogel, C Nembrini, W Kiess, C Blanchard Novel approach to visualize the inter-dependencies between maternal sensitization, breast milk immune components and human milk oligosaccharides in the LIFE Child cohort PLoS ONE, 2020-04-21;15(4):e0230472. 2020-04-21 [PMID: 32315306] (Human)
• YY Liu, SY Wang, YN Li, WJ Bian, LQ Zhang, YH Li, L Long, X Liu, XW Zhang, ZG Li Activity of fibroblast-like synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis was impaired by dickkopf-1 targeting siRNA Chin. Med. J., 2020-03-20;0(6):679-686. 2020-03-20 [PMID: 32068606] (Human)
• AN Burska, PV Giannoudis, BH Tan, D Ilas, E Jones, F Ponchel Dynamics of Early Signalling Events during Fracture Healing and Potential Serum Biomarkers of Fracture Non-Union in Humans J Clin Med, 2020-02-11;9(2):. 2020-02-11 [PMID: 32054088] (Human)
• G Merckx, B Hosseinkha, S Kuypers, S Deville, J Irobi, I Nelissen, L Michiels, I Lambrichts, A Bronckaers Angiogenic Effects of Human Dental Pulp and Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and their Extracellular Vesicles Cells, 2020-01-28;9(2):. 2020-01-28 [PMID: 32012900] (Human)
• C Corbet, E Bastien, JP Santiago d, E Dierge, R Martherus, C Vander Lin, B Doix, C Degavre, C Guilbaud, L Petit, C Michiels, C Dessy, Y Larondelle, O Feron TGFbeta2-induced formation of lipid droplets supports acidosis-driven EMT and the metastatic spreading of cancer cells Nat Commun, 2020-01-23;11(1):454. 2020-01-23 [PMID: 31974393] (Human)
• Hwudaurw Chen, Earlphia Sells, Ritu Pandey, Edward R. Abril, Chiu-Hsieh Hsu, Robert S. Krouse et al. Kallikrein 6 protease advances colon tumorigenesis via induction of the high mobility group A2 protein Oncotarget 2019-10-22 [PMID: 31692974] (Human)
• RVCT van der Kw, T Woudenberg, PHA Quax, AY Nossent MicroRNA-411 and Its 5&#039;-IsomiR Have Distinct Targets and Functions and Are Differentially Regulated in the Vasculature under Ischemia Mol. Ther., 2019-10-07;0(0):. 2019-10-07 [PMID: 31636041] (Human)
• S Holvoet, M Perrot, N de Groot, G Prioult, T Mikogami, V Verhasselt, S Nutten Oral Tolerance Induction to Newly Introduced Allergen is Favored by a Transforming Growth Factor-beta-Enriched Formula Nutrients, 2019-09-13;11(9):. 2019-09-13 [PMID: 31540231] (Bovine)
• S Fujimoto, R Hayashi, S Hara, Y Sasamoto, J Harrington, M Tsujikawa, K Nishida KLF4 prevents epithelial to mesenchymal transition in human corneal epithelial cells via endogenous TGF- β2 suppression Regen Ther, 2019-09-12;11(0):249-257. 2019-09-12 [PMID: 31538102] (Human)
• GM Tosi, G Neri, E Caldi, F Fusco, T Bacci, A Tarantello, E Nuti, D Marigliani, S Baiocchi, C Traversi, M Barbarino, CM Eandi, B Parolini, L Mundo, A Santucci, M Orlandini, F Galvagni TGF-? concentrations and activity are down-regulated in the aqueous humor of patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration Sci Rep, 2018-05-23;8(1):8053. 2018-05-23 [PMID: 29795291] (Human)
• RB Kasetti, P Maddineni, P Patel, C Searby, VC Sheffield, GS Zode Transforming growth factor ?2 (TGF?2) signaling plays a key role in glucocorticoid-induced ocular hypertension J. Biol. Chem., 2018-05-09;0(0):. 2018-05-09 [PMID: 29743238] (Human)
• JE Ramos de C, MT Verwoert, IMC Vogels, EA Reits, CJF Van Noorde, I Klaassen, RO Schlingema Involvement of the ubiquitin-proteasome system in the expression of extracellular matrix genes in retinal pigment epithelial cells Biochem Biophys Rep, 2018-01-28;13(0):83-92. 2018-01-28 [PMID: 29387813] (Human)
• GA Howe, K Kazda, CL Addison MicroRNA-30b controls endothelial cell capillary morphogenesis through regulation of transforming growth factor beta 2 PLoS ONE, 2017-10-04;12(10):e0185619. 2017-10-04 [PMID: 28977001] (Human)
• N Ban, CJ Siegfried, JB Lin, YB Shui, J Sein, W Pita-Thoma, A Sene, A Santeford, M Gordon, R Lamb, Z Dong, SC Kelly, V Cavalli, J Yoshino, RS Apte GDF15 is elevated in mice following retinal ganglion cell death and in glaucoma patients JCI Insight, 2017-05-04;2(9):. 2017-05-04 [PMID: 28469085] (Human)
• A Stadnikova, L Dudakova, P Skalicka, Z Valenta, M Filipec, K Jirsova Active transforming growth factor-?2 in the aqueous humor of posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy patients PLoS ONE, 2017-04-17;12(4):e0175509. 2017-04-17 [PMID: 28414732] (Human)
• Q Cao, F Liu, K Ji, N Liu, Y He, W Zhang, L Wang MicroRNA-381 inhibits the metastasis of gastric cancer by targeting TMEM16A expression J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res, 2017-02-13;36(1):29. 2017-02-13 [PMID: 28193228] (Human)
• Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling regulates transforming growth factor beta (TGF?)-dependent smooth muscle cell phenotype modulation Sci Rep, 2016-09-16;6(0):33407. 2016-09-16 [PMID: 27634335] (Human)
• Warren C Plaisted Remyelination Is Correlated with Regulatory T Cell Induction Following Human Embryoid Body-Derived Neural Precursor Cell Transplantation in a Viral Model of Multiple Sclerosis PLoS ONE, 2016-06-16;11(6):e0157620. 2016-06-16 [PMID: 27310015] (Human)
• W Qin, Y Tsukasaki, S Dasgupta, N Mukhopadhy, M Ikebe, ER Sauter Exosomes in Human Breast Milk Promote EMT Clin Cancer Res, 2016-04-08;0(0):. 2016-04-08 [PMID: 27060153] (Human)
• Kleczko E, Kim J, Keysar S, Heasley L, Eagles J, Simon M, Marshall M, Singleton K, Jimeno A, Tan A, Heasley L An Inducible TGF-beta2-TGFbetaR Pathway Modulates the Sensitivity of HNSCC Cells to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Targeting Dominant Receptor Tyrosine Kinases. PLoS ONE, 2015-05-06;10(5):e0123600. 2015-05-06 [PMID: 25946135] (Human)
• Horie M, Saito A, Noguchi S, Yamaguchi Y, Ohshima M, Morishita Y, Suzuki H, Kohyama T, Nagase T Differential knockdown of TGF-beta ligands in a three-dimensional co-culture tumor- stromal interaction model of lung cancer. BMC Cancer, 2014-08-09;14(0):580. 2014-08-09 [PMID: 25107280] (Human)
• Izumi , Hirohisa, Kosaka , Nobuyosh, Shimizu , Takashi, Sekine , Kazunori, Ochiya , Takahiro, Takase , Mitsunor Time-dependent expression profiles of microRNAs and mRNAs in rat milk whey. PLoS ONE, 2014-02-12;9(2):e88843. 2014-02-12 [PMID: 24533154] (Rat)
• Bialas A, Stevens B TGF-beta signaling regulates neuronal C1q expression and developmental synaptic refinement. Nat Neurosci, 2013-10-27;16(12):1773-82. 2013-10-27 [PMID: 24162655] (Rat)
• Qin W, Smith C, Jensen M, Holick M, Sauter E Vitamin D favorably alters the cancer promoting prostaglandin cascade. Anticancer Res, 2013-09-01;33(9):3861-6. 2013-09-01 [PMID: 24023320] (Human)
• Zheng M, Zhang Z, Bemis K, Belch A, Pilarski L, Shively J, Kirshner J The systemic cytokine environment is permanently altered in multiple myeloma. PLoS ONE, 2013-03-27;8(3):e58504. 2013-03-27 [PMID: 23544044] (Human)
• Qin W, Zhang K, Kliethermes B, Ruhlen RL, Browne EP, Arcaro KF, Sauter ER Differential expression of cancer associated proteins in breast milk based on age at first full term pregnancy. BMC Cancer, 2012-03-21;12(0):100. 2012-03-21 [PMID: 22436421] (Human)
• Rufo A, Del Fattore A, Capulli M, Carvello F, De Pasquale L, Ferrari S, Pierroz D, Morandi L, De Simone M, Rucci N, Bertini E, Bianchi ML, De Benedetti F, Teti A Mechanisms inducing low bone density in duchenne muscular dystrophy in mice and humans. J. Bone Miner. Res., 2011-08-01;26(8):1891-903. 2011-08-01 [PMID: 21509823] (Human)
• Gregory PA, Bracken CP, Smith E, Bert AG, Wright JA, Roslan S, Morris M, Wyatt L, Farshid G, Lim YY, Lindeman GJ, Shannon MF, Drew PA, Khew-Goodall Y, Goodall GJ An autocrine TGF-beta/ZEB/miR-200 signaling network regulates establishment and maintenance of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Mol. Biol. Cell, 2011-03-16;22(10):1686-98. 2011-03-16 [PMID: 21411626] (Canine)
• Holmlund U, Amoudruz P, Johansson MA, Haileselassie Y, Ongoiba A, Kayentao K, Traore B, Doumbo S, Schollin J, Doumbo O, Montgomery SM, Sverremark-Ekstrom E Maternal country of origin, breast milk characteristics and potential influences on immunity in offspring. Clin. Exp. Immunol., 2010-10-05;162(3):500-9. 2010-10-05 [PMID: 20942805] (Human)
• Sadeghi M, Daniel V, Schnitzler P, Lahdou I, Naujokat C, Zeier M, Opelz G Urinary proinflammatory cytokine response in renal transplant recipients with polyomavirus BK viruria. Transplantation, 2009-11-15;88(9):1109-16. 2009-11-15 [PMID: 19898207] (Human)
• Kawahara S, Hata Y, Kita T, Arita R, Miura M, Nakao S, Mochizuki Y, Enaida H, Kagimoto T, Goto Y, Hafezi-Moghadam A, Ishibashi T Potent inhibition of cicatricial contraction in proliferative vitreoretinal diseases by statins. Diabetes, 2008-07-03;57(10):2784-93. 2008-07-03 [PMID: 18599521] (Human)
• He S, Chen Y, Khankan R, Barron E, Burton R, Zhu D, Ryan SJ, Oliver N, Hinton DR Connective tissue growth factor as a mediator of intraocular fibrosis. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 2008-04-30;49(9):4078-88. 2008-04-30 [PMID: 18450591] (Human)
• Nakano Y, Oyamada M, Dai P, Nakagami T, Kinoshita S, Takamatsu T Connexin43 knockdown accelerates wound healing but inhibits mesenchymal transition after corneal endothelial injury in vivo. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 2008-01-01;49(1):93-104. 2008-01-01 [PMID: 18172080] (Rat)
• Sadeghi M, Susal C, Daniel V, Naujokat C, Zimmermann R, Huth-Kuhne A, Opelz G Short communication: decreasing soluble CD30 and increasing IFN-gamma plasma levels are indicators of effective highly active antiretroviral therapy. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses, 2007-07-01;23(7):886-90. 2007-07-01 [PMID: 17678471] (Human)
• Nagineni CN, Cherukuri KS, Kutty V, Detrick B, Hooks JJ Interferon-gamma differentially regulates TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2 expression in human retinal pigment epithelial cells through JAK-STAT pathway. J. Cell. Physiol., 2007-01-01;210(1):192-200. 2007-01-01 [PMID: 17013806] (Human)
• Ito M, Minamiya Y, Kawai H, Saito S, Saito H, Nakagawa T, Imai K, Hirokawa M, Ogawa J Tumor-derived TGFbeta-1 induces dendritic cell apoptosis in the sentinel lymph node. J. Immunol., 2006-05-01;176(9):5637-43. 2006-05-01 [PMID: 16622033] (Human)
• Sadeghi M, Daniel V, Naujokat C, Wiesel M, Hergesell O, Opelz G Strong inflammatory cytokine response in male and strong anti-inflammatory response in female kidney transplant recipients with urinary tract infection. Transpl. Int., 2005-02-01;18(2):177-85. 2005-02-01 [PMID: 15691270] (Human)
• Chen LL, Tager IB, Peden DB, Christian DL, Ferrando RE, Welch BS, Balmes JR Effect of ozone exposure on airway responses to inhaled allergen in asthmatic subjects. Chest, 2004-06-01;125(6):2328-35. 2004-06-01 [PMID: 15189958] (Human)
• Hao Z, Hampel B, Yagita H, Rajewsky K T cell-specific ablation of Fas leads to Fas ligand-mediated lymphocyte depletion and inflammatory pulmonary fibrosis. J. Exp. Med., 2004-05-17;199(10):1355-65. 2004-05-17 [PMID: 15148335] (Mouse)
• Ogawa J, Sasahara A, Yoshida T, Sira MM, Futatani T, Kanegane H, Miyawaki T Role of transforming growth factor-beta in breast milk for initiation of IgA production in newborn infants. Early Hum. Dev., 2004-04-01;77(1):67-75. 2004-04-01 [PMID: 15113633] (Human)
• Esson DW, Neelakantan A, Iyer SA, Blalock TD, Balasubramanian L, Grotendorst GR, Schultz GS, Sherwood MB Expression of connective tissue growth factor after glaucoma filtration surgery in a rabbit model. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 2004-02-01;45(2):485-91. 2004-02-01 [PMID: 14744889] (Rabbit)
• Jono H, Shuto T, Xu H, Kai H, Lim DJ, Gum JR, Kim YS, Yamaoka S, Feng XH, Li JD Transforming growth factor-beta -Smad signaling pathway cooperates with NF-kappa B to mediate nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae-induced MUC2 mucin transcription. J. Biol. Chem., 2002-09-16;277(47):45547-57. 2002-09-16 [PMID: 12237307] (Human)
• Oshima Y, Sakamoto T, Hisatomi T, Tsutsumi C, Ueno H, Ishibashi T Gene transfer of soluble TGF-beta type II receptor inhibits experimental proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Gene Ther., 2002-09-01;9(18):1214-20. 2002-09-01 [PMID: 12215888] (Rabbit)
• Liu JH Circadian variations of transforming growth factor-beta2 and basic fibroblast growth factor in the rabbit aqueous humor. Curr. Eye Res., 2002-01-01;24(1):75-80. 2002-01-01 [PMID: 12187498] (Rabbit)
• Bracamonte MP, Rud KS, Owen WG, Miller VM Ovariectomy increases mitogens and platelet-induced proliferation of arterial smooth muscle. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol., 2002-09-01;283(3):H853-60. 2002-09-01 [PMID: 12181111] (Porcine)
• Luo XH, Liao EY, Su X Progesterone upregulates TGF-b isoforms (b1, b2, and b3) expression in normal human osteoblast-like cells. Calcif. Tissue Int., 2002-08-06;71(4):329-34. 2002-08-06 [PMID: 12154395] (Human)
• Truckenmiller ME, Vawter MP, Zhang P, Conejero-Goldberg C, Dillon-Carter O, Morales N, Cheadle C, Becker KG, Freed WJ AF5, a CNS cell line immortalized with an N-terminal fragment of SV40 large T: growth, differentiation, genetic stability, and gene expression. Exp. Neurol., 2002-06-01;175(0):318. 2002-06-01 [PMID: 12061863] (Rat)
• Kalliomaki M, Ouwehand A, Arvilommi H, Kero P, Isolauri E Transforming growth factor-beta in breast milk: a potential regulator of atopic disease at an early age. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 1999-12-01;104(6):1251-7. 1999-12-01 [PMID: 10589009] (Human)

FAQs for TGF-beta 2 (DB250). (Showing 1 - 1 of 1 FAQs).

1. wondering what the difference is between your quantikine and duo set elisas?
   • Usually the duosets do not have the entire kit such as plates and buffers, whereas the other kits are complete.

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: TGFB2