GM-CSF Antibody [Unconjugated]

Recombinant Feline GM‑CSF (Catalog # 987-FL) stimulates proliferation in the TF‑1 human erythroleukemic cell line in a dose-dependent manner (orange line). Proliferation elicited by Recombinant Feline GM‑CSF (50 ng/mL) is neutralized (green line) by increasing concen­trations of Goat Anti‑Feline GM‑CSF Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF987). The ND50 is typically 0.5-2.0 µg/mL.

• Reactivity: Fe
• Applications: WB, B/N
• Clonality: Polyclonal
• Host: Goat
• Conjugate: Unconjugated
• Concentration: LYOPH

GM-CSF Antibody [Unconjugated] Summary

• Immunogen: E. coli-derived recombinant feline GM-CSF
• Specificity: Detects feline GM-CSF in direct ELISAs and Western blots. In direct ELISAs, approximately 40% cross-reactivity with recombinant mouse GM-CSF, recombinant rat GM-CSF, and recombinant human GM-CSF is observed.
• Source: N/A
• Isotype: IgG
• Clonality: Polyclonal
• Host: Goat
• Gene: CSF2
• Purity Statement: Antigen Affinity-purified
• Endotoxin Note: <0.10 EU per 1 μg of the antibody by the LAL method.

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Neutralization 0.5-2.0 ug/mL
  • Western Blot 0.1 ug/mL

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 degreesC as supplied. 1 month, 2 to 8 degreesC under sterile conditions after reconstitution. 6 months, -20 to -70 degreesC under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose. *Small pack size (SP) is supplied either lyophilized or as a 0.2 µm filtered solution in PBS.
• Preservative: No Preservative
• Concentration: LYOPH
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute at 0.2 mg/mL in sterile PBS.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for GM-CSF Antibody [Unconjugated]

• colony stimulating factor 2 (granulocyte-macrophage)
• Colony-stimulating factor
• CSF
• CSF2
• CSF-2
• GMCSF
• GM-CSF
• GMCSFgranulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor
• granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor
• MGC131935
• MGC138897
• Molgramostim
• molgramostin
• Sargramostim

Background

GM-CSF was initially characterized as a factor that can support the in vitro colony formation of granulocyte-macrophage progenitors. It is also a growth factor for erythroid, megakaryocyte, and eosinophil progenitors. GM-CSF is produced by a number of different cell types (including T cells, B cells, macrophages, mast cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and adipocytes) in response to cytokine or inflammatory stimuli. On mature hematopoietic cells, GM-CSF is a survival factor for and activates the effector functions of granulocytes, monocytes/macrophages, and eosinophils (1, 2). GM-CSF promotes a Th1 biased immune response, angiogenesis, allergic inflammation, and the development of autoimmunity (3-5). It shows clinical effectiveness in ameliorating chemotherapy-induced neutropenia, and GM-CSF transfected tumor cells are utilized as cancer vaccines (6, 7). The 22 kDa glycosylated GM-CSF, similar to IL-3 and IL-5, is a cytokine with a core of four bundled alpha -helices (8-10). Mature feline GM-CSF shares 52%-56% amino acid sequence identity with mouse and rat GM-CSF and 67%-72% canine, human, and porcine GM-CSF. GM-CSF exerts its biological effects through a heterodimeric receptor complex composed of GM-CSF R alpha /CD116 and the signal transducing common beta chain (CD131) which is also a component of the high-affinity receptors for IL-3 and IL-5 (11, 12). In addition, GM-CSF binds a naturally occurring soluble form of GM-CSF R alpha (13). Feline and human GM-CSF show cross-species activity (14, 15).

1. Martinez-Moczygemba, M. and D.P. Huston (2003) J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 112:653. 
2. Barreda, D.R. et al. (2004) Dev. Comp. Immunol. 28:509. 
3. Eksioglu, E.A. et al. (2007) Exp. Hematol. 35:1163. 
4. Cao, Y. (2007) J. Clin. Invest. 117:2362. 
5. Fleetwood, A.J. et al. (2005) Crit. Rev. Immunol. 25:405. 
6. Heuser, M. et al. (2007) Semin. Hematol. 44:148. 
7. Hege, K.M. et al. (2006) Int. Rev. Immunol. 25:321. 
8. Kaushansky, K. et al. (1992) Biochemistry 31:1881.
9. Diederichs, K. et al. (1991) Science 254:1779.
10. Dunham, S.P. and J. Bruce (2004) Gene 332:97.
11. Onetto-Pothier, N. et al. (1990) Blood 75:59.
12. Hayashida, K. et al. (1990) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 87:9655.
13. Pelley, J.L. et al. (2007) Exp. Hematol. 35:1483.
14. Sprague, W.S. et al. (2005) J. Comp. Pathol. 133:136.
15. Dunham, S.P. and J. Bruce (2004) Gene 332:97.

Limitations

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

Publications for GM-CSF Antibody (AF987)(2)

Publications using AF987

• Maksaereekul S, Dubie RA, Shen X, Kieu H, Dean GA, Sparger EE Vaccination with vif-deleted feline immunodeficiency virus provirus, GM-CSF, and TNF-alpha plasmids preserves global CD4 T lymphocyte function after challenge with FIV. Vaccine, 2009-04-17;27(28):3754-65. 2009-04-17 [PMID: 19464559] (Western Blot, Feline)
• Dunham SP, Bruce J Isolation, expression and bioactivity of feline granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Gene, 2004-05-12;332(0):97-106. 2004-05-12 [PMID: 15145059] (Western Blot, Feline)

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: CSF2