Follistatin-like 1/FSTL1 Antibody [Unconjugated]

Proliferation defects in Fstl1-/- ureteric epithelial cells.(A-D) Analysis of cell proliferation on transverse sections of wild-type (A, C) and Fstl1-/- (B, D) ureters by BrdU incorporation at E15.5 (A, B) and E16.5 (distal segment) (C, D). Arrows point to representative proliferating cells. (E) Quantification of cell proliferation by BrdU labeling index. In E15.5 ureter, p<0.001 for epithelial layer (n = 20) and p = 0.49 for mesenchymal inner layer (n = 20). In distal segment of E16.5 ureter, p<0.001 for epithelial layer (n = 20) and p = 0.59 for mesenchymal inner layer (n = 20). (F, G) BrdU incorporation analysis of epithelial cell proliferation on transverse section of cultured E15.0 ureters treated with conditioned media transfected either with pcDNA3.1 vector (Mock) (F) or an Fstl1 overexpress plasmid (G). Arrows point to representative proliferating cells. (H) HEK293 cells were transfected with a plasmid expressing mouse Fstl1 protein or pcDNA3.1 (mock). Western blot analysis using an anti-Fstl1 antibody indicated that Fstl1 was overexpressed in both the cultured media and cell pellet. (I) Quantification of cell proliferation by BrdU labeling index in the cultured E15.0 ureteric epithelium. p<0.005 (n = 7). Scale bar: (A-D, F-G) 20µm. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0032554), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by R&D Systems.

Proliferation defects in Fstl1-/- ureteric epithelial cells.(A-D) Analysis of cell proliferation on transverse sections of wild-type (A, C) and Fstl1-/- (B, D) ureters by BrdU incorporation at E15.5 (A, B) and E16.5 (distal segment) (C, D). Arrows point to representative proliferating cells. (E) Quantification of cell proliferation by BrdU labeling index. In E15.5 ureter, p<0.001 for epithelial layer (n = 20) and p = 0.49 for mesenchymal inner layer (n = 20). In distal segment of E16.5 ureter, p<0.001 for epithelial layer (n = 20) and p = 0.59 for mesenchymal inner layer (n = 20). (F, G) BrdU incorporation analysis of epithelial cell proliferation on transverse section of cultured E15.0 ureters treated with conditioned media transfected either with pcDNA3.1 vector (Mock) (F) or an Fstl1 overexpress plasmid (G). Arrows point to representative proliferating cells. (H) HEK293 cells were transfected with a plasmid expressing mouse Fstl1 protein or pcDNA3.1 (mock). Western blot analysis using an anti-Fstl1 antibody indicated that Fstl1 was overexpressed in both the cultured media and cell pellet. (I) Quantification of cell proliferation by BrdU labeling index in the cultured E15.0 ureteric epithelium. p<0.005 (n = 7). Scale bar: (A-D, F-G) 20µm. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0032554), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by R&D Systems.

Endogenous Fstl1 does not contribute to TGF‐ beta 1/Smad 2/3 signaling or myofibroblast transdifferentiationFstl1 ablation by siRNA Fstl1 (6 pmol) in NRCFbs. siRNA Fstl1 or siRNA non‐targeting negative control was transfected to NRCFbs by lipofectamine RNAimax for 12 h, followed by stimulation of recombinant TGF‐ beta 1 (10 ng/ml) for 24 h. Fstl1 protein expression in cell lysate was analyzed by immunoblotting.Efficiency of Fstl1 gene ablation by siRNA Fstl1 (6 pmol) in NRCFbs. siRNA Fstl1 or siRNA non‐targeting negative control was transfected to NRCFbs by lipofectamine RNAimax for 42 h. mRNA transcripts of Fstl1 and GAPDH were assessed by qPCR. The amplification plots for Fstl1 are shown. The Ct values for Fstl1 in siRNA control and siRNA Fstl1 are 18.17 ± 0.053 and 24.76 ± 0.420, respectively (n = 3 for each sample group).Effect of endogenous Fstl1 protein on TGF‐ beta 1‐induced Smad2/3 signaling pathway in NRCFbs. Endogenous Fstl1 protein was ablated by transfecting siRNA Fstl1 to NRCFbs. siRNA negative control was used for control. Following FBS starvation for 24 h, cells were stimulated with recombinant TGF‐ beta 1 protein (2 ng/ml) for 15 min. Phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3 was assessed by immunoblotting. Error bars represent mean ± SEM (n = 3 for each group). Statistical analysis was performed by ordinary one‐way ANOVA. Post hoc test was performed by Dunnett's T3 test for Smad2 and Tukey's test for Smad3. Two independent experiments were performed.Ablation of endogenous Fstl1 does not affect markers of myofibroblast differentiation or ECM protein synthesis. Endogenous Fstl1 was ablated by siRNA, and following FBS depletion for 24 h, cells were stimulated with recombinant Fstl1 protein (50 ng/ml) for 24 h. alpha ‐SMA protein expression in cell lysate and fibronectin and collagen I protein in the cultured media were assessed by immunoblotting. Tubulin was used as an internal control. Error bars represent mean ± SEM (n = 4 for each group). Statistical analysis was performed by ordinary one‐way ANOVA and Tukey's test. Two independent experiments were performed.Source data are available online for this figure. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27234440), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by R&D Systems.

Fstl1 expression is induced in ischemic heartDetection of Fstl1 protein in ischemic myocardium of WT mice. After MI induction, the heart was harvested at the indicated time points and separated to ischemic and remote (non‐ischemic) areas. Fstl1 protein was detected by Western blotting (n = 3, each time point).Serum Fstl1 was detected by Western blotting at the indicated time points. Ponceau S staining of serum reveals equivalent amount of loaded protein (n = 4, each time point).Data information: Error bars represent mean ± SEM. Statistical analysis was performed by ordinary one‐way ANOVA. Post hoc test was performed by Dunnett's test.Source data are available online for this figure. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following open publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27234440), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by R&D Systems.

• Reactivity: Mu
• Applications: WB
• Clonality: Polyclonal
• Host: Goat
• Conjugate: Unconjugated
• Concentration: LYOPH

Follistatin-like 1/FSTL1 Antibody [Unconjugated] Summary

• Immunogen: Mouse myeloma cell line NS0-derived recombinant mouse Follistatin-like 1/FSTL1
  Glu19-Ile306
  Accession # Q62356
• Specificity: Detects mouse Follistatin-like 1/FSTL1 in direct ELISAs and Western blots. In Western blots, approximately 5% cross-reactivity with recombinant human Follistatin-like 1/FSTL1 is observed.
• Source: N/A
• Isotype: IgG
• Clonality: Polyclonal
• Host: Goat
• Gene: FSTL1
• Purity Statement: Antigen Affinity-purified

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Western Blot 0.1 ug/mL

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose. *Small pack size (SP) is supplied either lyophilized or as a 0.2 µm filtered solution in PBS.
• Preservative: No Preservative
• Concentration: LYOPH
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute at 0.2 mg/mL in sterile PBS.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for Follistatin-like 1/FSTL1 Antibody [Unconjugated]

• Flik
• FLJ50214
• Follistatin-like 1
• Follistatin-like protein 1
• follistatin-related protein 1
• Follistatin-related Protein
• FRP
• FRPFLJ52277
• FSL1
• FSTL1
• TSC-36

Background

Mouse FSTL1, also known as FSL1 and follistatin-related protein (FRP), is a secreted protein that contains a follistatin-like domain, a Kazal-like domain and a von Willebrand factor C domain. Human FSTL1 shares 92% amino acid sequence identity with the mouse FSTL1, also known as TSC-36.

Limitations

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

Publications for Follistatin-like 1/FSTL1 Antibody (AF1738)(22)

Publications using AF1738

• Ying Yang, Tao Lu, Xiaowei Jia, Yan Gao FSTL1 Suppresses Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Lung Metastasis by Inhibiting M2-like Tumor-Associated Macrophage Recruitment toward the Lungs Diagnostics (Basel) 5/12/2023 [PMID: 37238210]
• Imam KMSU, Tian Y, Xin F et al. Lactucin, a Bitter Sesquiterpene from Cichorium intybus, Inhibits Cancer Cell Proliferation by Downregulating the MAPK and Central Carbon Metabolism Pathway Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) 10/29/2022 [PMID: 36364182]
• Y Zhang, Y Wang, G Zheng, Y Liu, J Li, H Huang, C Xu, Y Zeng, X Zhang, J Qin, C Dai, HO Hambrock, U Hartmann, B Feng, KK Mak, Y Liu, HY Lan, Y Huang, ZH Zheng, Y Xia Follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1) interacts with Wnt ligands and Frizzled receptors to enhance Wnt/beta-catenin signaling in obstructed kidneys in vivo The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2022-05-04;0(0):102010. 2022-05-04 [PMID: 35525270] (IHC, Immunoprecipitation, Western Blot, Mouse, Rat)
• Z Huang, Z Zhang, Z Moazzami, R Heck, P Hu, H Nanda, K Ren, Z Sun, A Bartolomuc, Y Gao, D Chung, W Zhu, S Shen, HB Ruan Brown adipose tissue involution associated with progressive restriction in progenitor competence Cell Reports, 2022-04-12;39(2):110575. 2022-04-12 [PMID: 35417710] (Immunoprecipitation, Mouse)
• D Fang, X Shi, X Jia, C Yang, L Wang, B Du, T Lu, L Shan, Y Gao Ups and downs: the PPARgamma/p-PPARgamma seesaw of follistatin-like 1 and integrin receptor signaling in adipogenesis Molecular Metabolism, 2021-11-20;0(0):101400. 2021-11-20 [PMID: 34813964] (Western Blot, Mouse)
• Nicholas A. Maksimowski, Xuewen Song, Eun Hui Bae, Heather Reich, Rohan John, York Pei et al. Follistatin-Like-1 (FSTL1) Is a Fibroblast-Derived Growth Factor That Contributes to Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2021-09-01 [PMID: 34502419] (Western Blot, Human)
• Nicholas A. Maksimowski, Xuewen Song, Eun Hui Bae, Heather Reich, Rohan John, York Pei et al. Follistatin-Like-1 (FSTL1) Is a Fibroblast-Derived Growth Factor That Contributes to Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease International Journal of Molecular Sciences 9/1/2021 [PMID: 34502419]
• Jie Ma, Ying Yang, Lulu Wang, Xiaowei Jia, Tao Lu, Yiyan Zeng et al. Follistatin-like 1 deficiency impairs T cell development to promote lung metastasis of triple negative breast cancer Aging (Albany NY) 3/15/2021 [PMID: 33639614]
• D Feng, C Ngov, N Henley, N Boufaied, C Gerarduzzi Characterization of Matricellular Protein Expression Signatures in Mechanistically Diverse Mouse Models of Kidney Injury Sci Rep, 2019-11-13;9(1):16736. 2019-11-13 [PMID: 31723159] (Western Blot, Mouse)
• K Kretzschma, Y Post, M Bannier-Hé, A Mattiotti, J Drost, O Basak, VSW Li, M van den Bo, QD Gunst, D Versteeg, L Kooijman, S van der El, JH van Es, E van Rooij, MJB van den Ho, H Clevers Profiling proliferative cells and their progeny in damaged murine hearts Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2018-12-07;0(0):. 2018-12-07 [PMID: 30530645] (IHC-Fr, IHC-P, Mouse)
• S Yamada, N Itoh, T Nagai, T Nakai, D Ibi, A Nakajima, T Nabeshima, K Yamada Innate immune activation of astrocytes impairs neurodevelopment via upregulation of follistatin-like 1 and interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 J Neuroinflammation, 2018-10-22;15(1):295. 2018-10-22 [PMID: 30348171] (IHC, Western Blot, Mouse)
• Ying Zhang, Xiaozhou Xu, Ying Yang, Jie Ma, Lulu Wang, Xiangzhi Meng et al. Deficiency of Follistatin-Like Protein 1 Accelerates the Growth of Breast Cancer Cells at Lung Metastatic Sites Journal of Breast Cancer 2018-09-20 [PMID: 30275855] (Immunohistochemistry, Western Blot, Mouse, Transgenic Mouse)
• Ying Zhang, Xiaozhou Xu, Ying Yang, Jie Ma, Lulu Wang, Xiangzhi Meng et al. Deficiency of Follistatin-Like Protein 1 Accelerates the Growth of Breast Cancer Cells at Lung Metastatic Sites Journal of Breast Cancer 9/20/2018 [PMID: 30275855]
• F Chen, Q Hu, H Huang, B Chen, Y Xia, W Liu Follistatin-like protein 1 increases transepithelial resistance in kidney epithelial cells through Akt signaling Mol Med Rep, 2017-07-31;0(0):. 7/31/2017 [PMID: 28765894]
• X Liu, Y Liu, X Li, J Zhao, Y Geng, W Ning Follistatin like-1 (Fstl1) is required for the normal formation of lung airway and vascular smooth muscle at birth PLoS ONE, 2017-06-02;12(6):e0177899. 2017-06-02 [PMID: 28574994] (Western Blot, Mouse)
• Follistatin-like 1 promotes cardiac fibroblast activation and protects the heart from rupture EMBO Mol Med, 2016-08-01;0(0):. 2016-08-01 [PMID: 27234440] (IHC, Western Blot, Mouse)
• Chaly Y, Fu Y, Marinov A, Hostager B, Yan W, Campfield B, Kellum J, Bushnell D, Wang Y, Vockley J, Hirsch R Follistatin-like protein 1 enhances NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated IL-1beta secretion from monocytes and macrophages. Eur J Immunol, 2014-02-20;44(5):1467-79. 2014-02-20 [PMID: 24470197] (ICC, Mouse)
• Xu J, Qi X, Gong J Fstl1 antagonizes BMP signaling and regulates ureter development. PLoS ONE, 2012-04-02;7(4):e32554. 2012-04-02 [PMID: 22485132] (IHC, Mouse)
• Yury Chaly, Anthony D. Marinov, Leif Oxburgh, Daniel S. Bushnell, Raphael Hirsch Follistatin-like Protein 1 Promotes Arthritis by Enhancing Inflammatory Cytokine/Chemokine Expression Arthritis & Rheumatism 4/1/2012 [PMID: 22006268]
• Ippagunta SK, Malireddi RK, Shaw PJ The inflammasome adaptor ASC regulates the function of adaptive immune cells by controlling Dock2-mediated Rac activation and actin polymerization. Nat. Immunol., 2011-09-04;12(10):1010-6. 2011-09-04 [PMID: 21892172] (Western Blot, Mouse)
• David C. Wilson, Anthony D. Marinov, Harry C. Blair, Daniel S. Bushnell, Susan D. Thompson, Yury Chaly et al. Follistatin-like protein 1 is a mesenchyme-derived inflammatory protein and may represent a biomarker for systemic-onset juvenile rheumatoid arthritis Arthritis & Rheumatism 5/28/2010 [PMID: 20506332]
• Miyamae T, Marinov AD, Sowders D, Wilson DC, Devlin J, Boudreau R, Robbins P, Hirsch R Follistatin-like protein-1 is a novel proinflammatory molecule. J. Immunol., 2006-10-01;177(7):4758-62. 2006-10-01 [PMID: 16982916] (IHC-P, Mouse)

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: FSTL1
• Uniprot:
  • Q62356()