CD68/SR-D1 Antibody (PG-M1)

Product Discontinued

CD68/SR-D1 Antibody (PG-M1) Summary

• Immunogen: BALB/C mice were injected with Gaucher cells
• Localization: Cell membrane
• Marker: Macrophage Marker
• Specificity: This antibody reacts with a glycoprotein of 110 kDa, expressed as an intracytoplasmic molecule. It stains macrophages in a wide variety of tissues. Myeloid precursor cells and peripheral granulocytes are negative. The PG-M1 differs from EMB11 (CD68) because of its non-reactivity with granulocytes and their precursor cells.
• Isotype: IgG3 Kappa
• Clonality: Monoclonal
• Host: Mouse
• Gene: CD68
• Purity: Tissue culture supernatant

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence 1:10-1:500
  • Immunohistochemistry 1:10-1:500
  • Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin 1:10-1:40
  • Western Blot
• Application Notes: IHC: This antibody may be diluted to a titer of 1:10-1:40 in an ABC method. Staining Protocol: We suggest an incubation period of 30-60 minutes at room temperature. However, depending upon the fixation conditions and the staining system employed, optimal incubation conditions and antibody dilutions should be determined by the user. Enzymatic antigen retrieval is recommended for paraffin embedded sections. Not recommended for frozen sections. Use in Western blot reported in scientific literature (PMID 27871059).
• Control:

  CD68/SR-D1 Overexpression Lysate

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Store at 4C. Do not freeze.
• Buffer: Tissue culture supernatant
• Preservative: Sodium Azide
• Purity: Tissue culture supernatant

Alternate Names for CD68/SR-D1 Antibody (PG-M1)

• CD_antigen: CD68
• CD68 antigen
• CD68 molecule
• CD68
• DKFZp686M18236
• gp110
• LAMP4
• macrophage antigen CD68
• Macrosialin
• SCARD1
• scavenger receptor class D, member 1
• SRD1
• SR-D1

Background

Human CD68, also known as GP110, LAMP4, Scavenger Receptor D1 (SR-D1) or macrosialin in mouse, encodes a 110-kD transmembrane glycoprotein that belongs to the lysosomal/endosomal-associated membrane glycoprotein (LAMP) family. Members of the LAMP family include LAMP-1, LAMP-2, dendritic cell (DC)-LAMP (aka CD208), and brain and dendritic cell-associated (BAD)-LAMP (aka LAMP-5). Unlike the two LAMP domains facing the lysosomal lumen in LAMP-1 and LAMP-2, CD68 has a single LAMP domain containing four cystines spaced 36-37 residues apart along with an N-terminal Mucin-like domain. The 354 amino acid (a.a.) human CD68 and 326 a.a. murine ortholog share 80.6% a.a. sequence identity (1).

CD68 is highly expressed in cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system such as macrophages, microglia, osteoclasts, and myeloid dendritic cells (DCs); and is expressed to a lesser extent in lymphoid cells (CD19+ B lymphocytes and CD4+ T lymphocytes), human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), fibroblasts, endothelial cells, multiple non-hematopoietic cancer cell lines, and human arterial intimal smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Expression has been also observed in diseased states for granulocytes and neutrophils, in particular basophils from myeloproliferative disorders and intestinal neutrophils from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), respectively (1).

Although the function of CD68 has yet to be established, it has often been used as an immunohistochemistry (IHC) marker of inflammation and for granular cell tumors (GCTs). CD68+ tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) has been suggested to be a predictive marker for poor cancer prognosis, but a meta-analysis showed the presence of CD68 is not correlated with survival (2). In addition, a role in hepatic malaria infection has been reported based on the finding that peptide P39 binds CD68, considered a receptor for malaria sporozoite, and inhibits parasite entry into Kupffer cells. CD68 was deemed a member of the Scavenger receptor family due to its upregulation in macrophages following inflammatory stimuli, ability to bind modified LDL, phosphatidylserine, and apoptotic cells, as well as shuttling between the plasma membrane and endosomes. CD68 has been linked to atherogenesis based on binding and internalization of its ligand, oxLDL (1).

References

1. Chistiakov, DA, Killingsworth, MC, Myasoedova, VA. Orekhov AN, Bobryshev YV. (2017) CD68/macrosialin: not just a histochemical marker. Lab Invest. 97:4-13. PMID: 27869795

2. Troiano G, Caponio VCA, Adipietro I, Tepedino M, Santoro R, Laino L, Lo Russo L, Cirillo N, Lo Muzio L. (2019) Prognostic significance of CD68+ and CD163+ tumor associated macrophages in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Oral Oncol. 93:66-75. PMID: 31109698.

Limitations

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

Publications for CD68/SR-D1 Antibody (NB600-1250)(6)

Publications using NB600-1250

• Cheng F, Twardowski L, Fehr S et al. Selective p38alpha MAP kinase/MAPK14 inhibition in enzymatically-modified LDL-stimulated human monocytes: implications for atherosclerosis. FASEB J. 2016-11-08 [PMID: 27871059] (WB)
• Brescia Annemarie C, Simonds Megan M, McCahan Suzanne M et al. The role of transforming growth factor beta signaling in fibroblast-like synoviocytes from patients with oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis: dysregulation of transforming growth factor beta signaling, including overexpression of bone morphogenetic protein 4, may lead to a chondrocyte phenotype and may contribute to bony hypertrophy. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2014-05-01 [PMID: 24782191] (Human)
• Brescia AC, Simonds MM, McCahan SM et al. The role of TGFB signaling in fibroblast-like synoviocytes from oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2013-12-24 [PMID: 24375380] (ICC/IF, Human)
• Tomaszewska JM, Miskowiak B, Matthews-Brzozowska T et al. Characteristics of dental pulp in human upper first premolar teeth based on immunohistochemical and morphometric examinations. Folia Histochem Cytobiol. 2013-08-05 [PMID: 23907945] (IHC-P, Human)
• Unruh D, Turner K, Srinivasan R et al. Alternatively spliced tissue factor contributes to tumor spread and activation of coagulation in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Int. J. Cancer. 2014-01-01 [PMID: 23754313] (IHC-P, Human)
  
  Details:
  IHC-P, Fig 1. The Common Cancer TMA (NBP2-30263) was stained for CD68 expression using CD68 mAb, clone PG-M1 (NB600-1250). Commercial tissue microarrays (TMA) were purchased form Imgenex Corporation (San Diego, CA)...To assess whether asTF protein is dete
• Ong S-M, Tan Y-C, Beretta O et al. Macrophages in Human Colorectal Cancer are Pro-inflammatory and Prime T cells towards an Anti-Tumour Type-1 Inflammatory Response. Eur J Immunol. 2011-10-18 [PMID: 22009685]

FAQs for CD68/SR-D1 Antibody (NB600-1250). (Showing 1 - 1 of 1 FAQs).

1. We would like to check toxicity of following product. Could you inform us the concentration of sodium azide? Bax Antibody (SP47) (#NB600-1250)
   • The antibody you are interested in, NB600-1250, contains 0.05% Sodium Azide.

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: CD68
• Entrez:
  • 968(Human)