CD38 Antibody (AT13/5) [Allophycocyanin]

CD38 Antibody (AT13/5) [Allophycocyanin] [NBP2-81055APC] - Vial of APC conjugated antibody. APC is optimally excited at 650 nm by the Red laser (633 or 640 nm) and has an emission maximum of 660 nm.

• Reactivity: Hu
• Applications: WB, Flow, ICC/IF
• Clone: AT13/5
• Clonality: Monoclonal
• Host: Rabbit
• Conjugate: Allophycocyanin

CD38 Antibody (AT13/5) [Allophycocyanin] Summary

• Additional Information: Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody. Clone AT13/5 was used by HLDA to establish CD designation.
• Immunogen: Namalwa cells emulsified in CFA
• Specificity: Binds specifically to human CD38, an approximately 45 kDa type II transmembrane protein, expressed on essentially all pre-B lymphocytes, plasma cells, and thymocytes. Also present on activated T lymphocytes, natural killer (NK) lymphocytes, myeloblasts, and erythroblasts. Bimodally expressed during B cell development, modulating from high in immature cells to low in intermediate ones and back to high on mature B cells. This antibody competes with clone HB7 (Ellis 1995) which has been shown to bind to an epitope between amino acids 273-285.
• Isotype: IgG Kappa
• Clonality: Monoclonal
• Host: Rabbit
• Gene: CD38
• Purity: Protein A purified

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Flow Cytometry
  • Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence
  • Western Blot
• Application Notes: Optimal dilution of this antibody should be experimentally determined.

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Store at 4C in the dark.
• Buffer: PBS
• Preservative: 0.05% Sodium Azide
• Purity: Protein A purified

Alternate Names for CD38 Antibody (AT13/5) [Allophycocyanin]

• 2'-phospho-ADP-ribosyl cyclase
• 2'-phospho-ADP-ribosyl cyclase/2'-phospho-cyclic-ADP-ribose transferase (EC:2.4.99.20)
• 2'-phospho-cyclic-ADP-ribose transferase
• ADPRC 1
• ADPRC1
• ADP-ribosyl cyclase 1
• ADP-ribosyl Cyclase
• ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 1
• ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase
• cADPr hydrolase 1
• CD_antigen: CD38
• CD38 antigen (p45)
• CD38 antigen
• CD38 molecule
• CD38
• cluster of differentiation 38
• Cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 1
• Cyclic ADP-ribose Hydrolase
• EC 2.4.99.20
• EC 3.2.2.6
• EC:3.2.2.6
• NAD(+) nucleosidase
• T10

Background

CD38 (cluster of differentiation 38), previously known as T10, is a 46 kDa type II transmembrane glycoprotein (1). CD38 is expressed in both lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissue including in thymocytes, T and B lymphocytes, myeloid cells, natural killer cells, plasma cells, erythrocytes, and additionally in cells of the brain, pancreas, muscle, and bone (1,2). Structurally, CD38 is an "L"-shape which is formed by two separate domains connected by a three peptide-chain hinge region (2). The N-terminal domain is composed of five alpha-helices and two beta strands, while the C-terminal domain contains a four-stranded parallel beta-sheet and two long and two short alpha-helices (2). The CD38 molecule is located on chromosome 4 and is 300 amino acids (aa) in length with a theoretical molecular weight of 34 kDa that functions as both a receptor and an enzyme (1-6). As a receptor, CD38 interacts with its ligand CD31, which is largely expressed in endothelial cells (2-6). As an ectoenzyme, CD38 has a role in calcium signaling and is responsible for the conversion of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) into adenosine diphosphate-ribose (ADPR) or cyclic ADPR and the conversion of phosphorylated NAD (NADP) into nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) (2-6).

As described above, CD38 is highly expressed in plasma cells and, as a result, is a target for treating multiple myeloma (MM), the cancer of white blood cells (4,6). The anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody daratumumab is one specific treatment for MM (4,6). Daratumumab has been shown to target MM cells through antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and antibody dependent cellular phagocytosis (4). Additionally, CD38 has a potential role in neurodegenerative disorders and neuroinflammation as elucidated CD38's high expression in neurons, astrocytes, and microglia along with its enzymatic role in NAD degradation (3). Reduced NAD levels is a consequence of aging and occurs during neurodegeneration (3). Furthermore, murine studies have found that CD38 deletion inhibits neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration and therefore might be a potential therapeutic target (3). Similarly, CD38 inhibitors, like quercetin and luteolin, are used to treat age-related diseases and metabolic disorders (7).

References

1. Malavasi, F., Funaro, A., Alessio, M., DeMonte, L. B., Ausiello, C. M., Dianzani, U., Lanza, F., Magrini, E., Momo, M., & Roggero, S. (1992). CD38: a multi-lineage cell activation molecule with a split personality. International journal of clinical & laboratory research. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02591400

2. Malavasi, F., Deaglio, S., Funaro, A., Ferrero, E., Horenstein, A. L., Ortolan, E., Vaisitti, T., & Aydin, S. (2008). Evolution and function of the ADP ribosyl cyclase/CD38 gene family in physiology and pathology. Physiological reviews. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00035.2007

3. Guerreiro, S., Privat, A. L., Bressac, L., & Toulorge, D. (2020). CD38 in Neurodegeneration and Neuroinflammation. Cells. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9020471

4. van de Donk, N., Richardson, P. G., & Malavasi, F. (2018). CD38 antibodies in multiple myeloma: back to the future. Blood. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2017-06-740944

5. Lund, F. E., Cockayne, D. A., Randall, T. D., Solvason, N., Schuber, F., & Howard, M. C. (1998). CD38: a new paradigm in lymphocyte activation and signal transduction. Immunological reviews. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-065x.1998.tb01573.x

6. Glaria, E., & Valledor, A. F. (2020). Roles of CD38 in the Immune Response to Infection. Cells. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9010228

7. Rajman, L., Chwalek, K., & Sinclair, D. A. (2018). Therapeutic Potential of NAD-Boosting Molecules: The In Vivo Evidence. Cell metabolism. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2018.02.011

Limitations

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

FAQs for CD38 Antibody (NBP2-81055APC). (Showing 1 - 1 of 1 FAQ).

1. Which is your best antibody anti-human CD38 for IHC-P?
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Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: CD38