CCL4/MIP-1 beta Antibody [Alexa Fluor™ Plus 488]

• Clonality: Polyclonal
• Host: Sheep
• Conjugate: Alexa Fluor Plus 488

CCL4/MIP-1 beta Antibody [Alexa Fluor™ Plus 488] Summary

• Specificity: Detects canine CCL4/MIP‑1 beta in direct ELISAs and Western blots. In direct ELISAs, approximately 10% cross-reactivity with recombinant human CCL4/MIP‑1 beta and recombinant mouse CCL4/MIP‑1 beta is observed and less than 1% cross-reactivity with recombinant viral CCL4/MIP‑1 beta is observed.
• Isotype: IgG
• Clonality: Polyclonal
• Host: Sheep

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Protect from light. Do not freeze. 12 months from date of receipt, 2 to 8 °C as supplied
• Buffer: Supplied 0.2 mg/mL in a saline solution containing BSA and Sodium Azide.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for CCL4/MIP-1 beta Antibody [Alexa Fluor™ Plus 488]

• ACT2
• ACT-2
• AT744.1
• C-C motif chemokine 4
• CCL4
• chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4
• Exodus-3
• G-26 T-lymphocyte-secreted protein
• G-26
• HC21
• LAG1
• LAG-1
• Lymphocyte activation gene 1 protein
• Macrophage inflammatory protein 1-beta
• MIP1 beta
• MIP-1 beta
• MIP1B
• MIP1B1
• MIP-1-beta
• MIP-1-beta(1-69)
• PAT 744
• Protein H400
• SCYA2
• SCYA4
• secreted protein G-26
• SIS-gamma
• small inducible cytokine A4 (homologous to mouse Mip-1b)
• Small-inducible cytokine A4
• T-cell activation protein 2

Background

CCL4, also known as macrophage inflammatory protein 1 beta (MIP-1 beta , is a 12 kDa beta chemokine that is secreted at sites of inflammation by activated leukocytes, lymphocytes, vascular endothelial cells, and pulmonary smooth muscle cells (1, 2). CCL4 attracts a variety of immune cells to sites of microbial infection as well as to other pathologic inflammations such as allergic asthma and ischemic myocardium (3-8). A CCL4 deficiency in mice promotes the development of autoantibodies, possibly as a result of compromised regulatory T cell recruitment (6). CCL4 is secreted from activated monocytes as a heterodimer with CCL3/MIP-1 alpha (9). The first two N-terminal amino acids can be cleaved from human CCL4 by CD26/DPPIV (10, 11). Both the full length and truncated forms exert biological activity through CCR5, and the truncated form additionally interacts with CCR1 and CCR2 (10). In humans, the ability of CCL4 to bind CCR5 inhibits the cellular entry of M-tropic HIV-1 which utilizes CCR5 as a coreceptor (2). Both forms of CCL4 block HIV-1 infection of T cells by inducing the downregulation of CCR5 (10). Mature canine CCL4 shares 80-84% amino acid sequence identity with human, mouse, and rat CCL4.

1. Rot, A. and U.H. von Andrian (2004) Annu. Rev. Immunol. 22:891.
2. Menten, P. et al. (2002) Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 13:455.
3. Sun, X. et al. (2006) Infec. Immun. 74:5943.
4. Bisset, L.R. and P. Schmid-Grendelmeier (2005) Curr. Opin. Pulm. Med. 11:35.
5. Frangogiannis, N.G. (2004) Inflamm. Res. 53:585.
6. Bystry, R.S. et al. (2001) Nat. Immunol. 2:1126.
7. Oliveira, S.H.P. et al. (2002) J. Leukoc. Biol. 71:1019.
8. Schall, T.J. et al. (1993) J. Exp. Med. 177:1821.
9. Guan, E. et al. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276:12404.
10. Guan, E. et al. (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277:32348.
11. Guan, E. et al. (2004) J. Cell. Biochem. 92:53.

Limitations

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.