CCL4/MIP-1 beta Antibody [Unconjugated]

Recombinant Human CCL4/MIP‑1 beta (Catalog # 271-BME) chemoattracts the BaF3 mouse pro‑B cell line transfected with human CCR5 in a dose-dependent manner (orange line). The amount of cells that migrated through to the lower chemotaxis chamber was measured by Resazurin (Catalog # AR002). Chemotaxis elicited by Recombinant Human CCL4/MIP‑1 beta (40 ng/mL) is neutralized (green line) by increasing concentrations of Goat Anti-Human CCL4/MIP‑1 beta Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF-271-NA). The ND50 is typically 0.3-1.5 µg/mL.

CCL4/MIP-1 beta was detected in immersion fixed paraffin-embedded sections of human Alzheimer's disease brain (hippocampus) using 15 µg/mL Goat Anti-Human CCL4/MIP-1 beta Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF-271-NA) overnight at 4 °C. Tissue was stained with the Anti-Goat HRP-AEC Cell & Tissue Staining Kit (red; CTS009) and counterstained with hematoxylin (blue). View our protocol for Chromogenic IHC Staining of Paraffin-embedded Tissue Sections.

CCL4/MIP-1 beta was detected in immersion fixed human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) stimulated with PHA and monensin using Goat Anti-Human CCL4/MIP-1 beta Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF-271-NA) at 10 µg/mL for 3 hours at room temperature. Cells were stained using the NorthernLights™ 557-conjugated Anti-Goat IgG Secondary Antibody (yellow; NL001) and counterstained with DAPI (blue). View our protocol for Fluorescent ICC Staining of Non-adherent Cells.

• Reactivity: Hu
• Applications: WB, IHC, B/N, ICC/IF
• Clonality: Polyclonal
• Host: Goat
• Conjugate: Unconjugated
• Concentration: LYOPH

CCL4/MIP-1 beta Antibody [Unconjugated] Summary

• Immunogen: S. frugiperda insect ovarian cell line Sf 21-derived recombinant human CCL4/MIP-1 beta
• Specificity: Detects human CCL4/MIP-1 beta in direct ELISAs and Western blots.
• Source: N/A
• Isotype: IgG
• Clonality: Polyclonal
• Host: Goat
• Gene: CCL4
• Purity Statement: Antigen Affinity-purified
• Endotoxin Note: <0.10 EU per 1 μg of the antibody by the LAL method.

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Immunocytochemistry 5-15 ug/mL
  • Immunohistochemistry 5-15 ug/mL
  • Neutralization 0.3-1.5 ug/mL
  • Western Blot 0.1 ug/mL

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose. *Small pack size (SP) is supplied either lyophilized or as a 0.2 µm filtered solution in PBS.
• Preservative: No Preservative
• Concentration: LYOPH
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute at 0.2 mg/mL in sterile PBS.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for CCL4/MIP-1 beta Antibody [Unconjugated]

• ACT2
• ACT-2
• AT744.1
• C-C motif chemokine 4
• CCL4
• chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4
• Exodus-3
• G-26 T-lymphocyte-secreted protein
• G-26
• HC21
• LAG1
• LAG-1
• Lymphocyte activation gene 1 protein
• Macrophage inflammatory protein 1-beta
• MIP1 beta
• MIP-1 beta
• MIP1B
• MIP1B1
• MIP-1-beta
• MIP-1-beta(1-69)
• PAT 744
• Protein H400
• SCYA2
• SCYA4
• secreted protein G-26
• SIS-gamma
• small inducible cytokine A4 (homologous to mouse Mip-1b)
• Small-inducible cytokine A4
• T-cell activation protein 2

Background

CCL4/MIP-1 beta is a beta chemokine that is secreted at sites of inflammation by activated leukocytes, lymphocytes, vascular endothelial cells, and pulmonary smooth muscle cells. It attracts a variety of immune cells to sites of microbial infection as well as to other pathologic inflammation such as allergic asthma and ischemic myocardium. CCL4 is secreted from activated monocytes as a heterodimer with CCL3/MIP-1 alpha. It signals through CCR5, and an N-terminally trimmed form additionally interacts with CCR1 and CCR2. In humans, the ability of CCL4 to bind CCR5 inhibits the cellular entry of M-tropic HIV-1 which utilizes CCR5 as a coreceptor.

Limitations

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

Publications for CCL4/MIP-1 beta Antibody (AF-271-NA)(15)

Publications using AF-271-NA

• Sun, Y;Maggs, L;Panda, A;Wright, SJ;Cicerchia, AM;Jenney, A;Perricone, MD;Mills, CE;Cattaneo, G;Ventin, M;Chen, F;Rasmussen, MQ;Miranda, A;Revach, OY;Fang, J;Fu, A;Bowling, PJ;Sharova, T;Lawless, A;Sorger, PK;Bardeesy, N;Wang, X;Flaherty, KT;Boland, GM;Mehta, A;Sade-Feldman, M;Ferrone, CR;Jenkins, RW; TBK1 Targeting Is Identified as a Therapeutic Strategy to Enhance CAR T-Cell Efficacy Using Patient-Derived Organotypic Tumor Spheroids Cancer immunology research 2025-01-09 [PMID: 39785827] (Neutralization, Human)
• Mathieu Claireaux, Rémy Robinot, Jérôme Kervevan, Mandar Patgaonkar, Isabelle Staropoli, Anne Brelot et al. Low CCR5 expression protects HIV-specific CD4+ T cells of elite controllers from viral entry Nature Communications 1/26/2022 [PMID: 35082297]
• Anouk van Hooij, Maria Tió-Coma, Els M. Verhard, Marufa Khatun, Khorshed Alam, Elisa Tjon Kon Fat et al. Household Contacts of Leprosy Patients in Endemic Areas Display a Specific Innate Immunity Profile Frontiers in Immunology 8/11/2020 [PMID: 32849645]
• A van Hooij, EM Tjon Kon F, M Batista da, R Carvalho B, AC Cunha Mess, AR Gobbo, T Lema, K Bobosha, J Li, X Weng, CG Salgado, JS Spencer, PLAM Corstjens, A Geluk Evaluation of Immunodiagnostic Tests for Leprosy in Brazil, China and Ethiopia Sci Rep, 2018-12-18;8(1):17920. 2018-12-18 [PMID: 30560920] (Lateral Flow, Human)
• Timothy R. Hammond, Connor Dufort, Lasse Dissing-Olesen, Stefanie Giera, Adam Young, Alec Wysoker et al. Single-Cell RNA Sequencing of Microglia throughout the Mouse Lifespan and in the Injured Brain Reveals Complex Cell-State Changes Immunity 1/1/2019 [PMID: 30471926]
• Rump L, Mattey D, Kehoe O, Middleton J An initial investigation into endothelial CC chemokine expression in the human rheumatoid synovium. Cytokine, 2017-09-01;97(0):133-140. 2017-09-01 [PMID: 28648867] (IHC-Fr, Human)
• Shang L, Duan L, Perkey KE et al. Epithelium-innate immune cell axis in mucosal responses to SIV Mucosal Immunol 7/20/2016 [PMID: 27435105]
• Walker W, Kurscheid S, Joshi S, Lopez C, Goh G, Choi M, Barakat L, Francis J, Fisher A, Kozal M, Zapata H, Shaw A, Lifton R, Sutton R, Fikrig E Increased Levels of Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins Result in Resistance to R5-Tropic HIV-1 in a Subset of Elite Controllers. J Virol, 2015-03-04;89(10):5502-14. 2015-03-04 [PMID: 25740989] (Neutralization, Human)
• Shang L, Smith A, Duan L, Perkey K, Qu L, Wietgrefe S, Zupancic M, Southern P, Masek-Hammerman K, Reeves R, Johnson R, Haase A NK cell responses to simian immunodeficiency virus vaginal exposure in naive and vaccinated rhesus macaques. J Immunol, 2014-06-04;193(1):277-84. 2014-06-04 [PMID: 24899503] (IHC, Primate - Macaca mulatta (Rhesus Macaque))
• Nilka Luisa Díaz, Olga Zerpa, Félix Jacobo Tapia Chemokines and chemokine receptors expression in the lesions of patients with American cutaneous leishmaniasis Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 6/1/2013 [PMID: 23827991]
• Dumitru CA, Fechner MK, Hoffmann TK A novel p38-MAPK signaling axis modulates neutrophil biology in head and neck cancer. J. Leukoc. Biol., 2012-01-18;91(4):591-8. 2012-01-18 [PMID: 22262799] (ICC, Human)
• Kim MJ, Romero R, Kim CJ, Tarca AL, Chhauy S, LaJeunesse C, Lee DC, Draghici S, Gotsch F, Kusanovic JP, Hassan SS, Kim JS Villitis of unknown etiology is associated with a distinct pattern of chemokine up-regulation in the feto-maternal and placental compartments: implications for conjoint maternal allograft rejection and maternal anti-fetal graft-versus-host disease. J. Immunol., 2009-03-15;182(6):3919-27. 2009-03-15 [PMID: 19265171] (IHC-Fr, Human)
• Tixier E, Galmiche JP, Neunlist M Intestinal neuro-epithelial interactions modulate neuronal chemokines production. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2006-04-04;344(2):554-61. 2006-04-04 [PMID: 16620783] (ICC, Neutralization, Human)
• Quandt J, Dorovini-Zis K The beta chemokines CCL4 and CCL5 enhance adhesion of specific CD4+ T cell subsets to human brain endothelial cells. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol., 2004-04-01;63(4):350-62. 2004-04-01 [PMID: 15099025] (ICC, Human)
• Binninger-Schinzel D, 2019, Norley S, Adler HS, Oberg HH, Kurth R Simian immunodeficiency viruses with defective nef genes show increased susceptibility to the noncytotoxic antiviral activity of CD8+ lymphocytes. 2002-03-01;294(1):209-21. 2002-03-01 [PMID: 11886279] (Neutralization, Human)

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: CCL4