Western blot, also called an immunoblot, is an analytical assay commonly used to determine the presence of a particular protein and quantify it. The process uses polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) to separate proteins from a heterogenous lysate based on their molecular weight or 3D structure. The separated proteins are then transferred to a PVDF or nitrocellulose membrane, where the protein(s) of interest can be detected using highly specific antibodies. The detection can then be visualized using chromogenic, fluorescent, or chemiluminescent reporters. Since its initial discovery in the late 1970’s, this sensitive visual assay has become an invaluable tool for molecular biology and proteomics researchers.
Novus offers a range of support options for western blot when you buy a product to help you with your western blot experiment including:
| Conjugate | Catalog # | Availability | Size | Price |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Allophycocyanin | IC4470A | |||
| Fluorescein | IC4470F | |||
| Formulation | Catalog # | Availability | Price | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carrier Free | IC4470F | |||
| Carrier Free | IC4470A | |||
| Carrier Free | MAB4470-SP | |||
| Formulation | Catalog # | Availability | Price | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BSA Free | NB500-249SS | |||
| Formulation | Catalog # | Availability | Price | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BSA Free | NBP3-38646SS | |||
| BSA Free | NBP3-38646 | |||
| BSA Free | NB100-690SS | |||
| Azide and BSA Free | NBP2-80570 | |||
| Formulation | Catalog # | Availability | Price | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BSA Free | NB100-56576SS | |||
| Formulation | Catalog # | Availability | Price | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BSA Free | NB110-57130SS | |||
| Formulation | Catalog # | Availability | Price | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Azide and BSA Free | NBP2-24863 | |||
| BSA Free | NBP2-24729SS | |||
| Formulation | Catalog # | Availability | Price | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carrier Free | NL3075R | |||
| Carrier Free | AF3075-SP | |||
| Formulation | Catalog # | Availability | Price | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BSA Free | NB400-135SS | |||
| Formulation | Catalog # | Availability | Price | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BSA Free | NB100-305SS | |||
| Formulation | Catalog # | Availability | Price | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Azide and BSA Free | NBP2-27149 | |||
| BSA Free | NB100-56566SS | |||
| Azide and BSA Free | NBP2-27149SS | |||
| Formulation | Catalog # | Availability | Price | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BSA Free | NB100-56519SS | |||
| Formulation | Catalog # | Availability | Price | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carrier Free | AF2727-SP | |||
![Western Blot: Beclin 1 Antibody - BSA Free [NB500-249] - Expression of Beclin 1 mRNA and protein in cells and tissues. (A) Beclin 1 mRNA expression level up-regulated in gastric cancer cell lines compared with normal gastric epithelial cells by reverse transcription-PCR. (B) Beclin 1 protein expression level up-regulated in gastric cancer cell lines compared with normal gastric epithelial cells by western blotting. (C) Beclin 1 mRNA expression is elevated in primary gastric tumors compared with paired gastric adjacent noncancerous tissues by reverse transcription-PCR. (D) Beclin 1 protein expression is elevated in primary gastric tumors compared with paired gastric adjacent noncancerous tissues by western blotting. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0045968) licensed under a CC-BY license.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Beclin-1-Antibody---BSA-Free-Western-Blot-NB500-249-img0018.jpg "Western Blot: Beclin 1 Antibody - BSA Free [NB500-249] - Expression of Beclin 1 mRNA and protein in cells and tissues. (A) Beclin 1 mRNA expression level up-regulated in gastric cancer cell lines compared with normal gastric epithelial cells by reverse transcription-PCR. (B) Beclin 1 protein expression level up-regulated in gastric cancer cell lines compared with normal gastric epithelial cells by western blotting. (C) Beclin 1 mRNA expression is elevated in primary gastric tumors compared with paired gastric adjacent noncancerous tissues by reverse transcription-PCR. (D) Beclin 1 protein expression is elevated in primary gastric tumors compared with paired gastric adjacent noncancerous tissues by western blotting. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0045968) licensed under a CC-BY license.")
![Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: Beclin 1 Antibody - BSA Free [NB500-249] - Beclin 1/ATG6 Antibody [NB500-249] - Beclin 1 antibody was tested in HeLa cells with Dylight 488 (green). Nuclei and alpha-tubulin were counterstained with DAPI (blue) and Dylight 550 (red).](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Beclin-1-Antibody---BSA-Free-Immunocytochemistry-Immunofluorescence-NB500-249-img0013.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry: Beclin 1 Antibody - BSA Free [NB500-249] - Detection of Beclin 1 (red) in Pheochromocytes of the Adrenal Medulla 40x.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Beclin-1-Antibody---BSA-Free-Immunohistochemistry-NB500-249-img0020.jpg)
![Flow Cytometry: Beclin 1 Antibody - BSA Free [NB500-249] - An intracellular stain was performed on U-87MG cells with Beclin 1 Antibody NB500-249 (blue) and a matched isotype control NBP2-24891 (orange). Cells were fixed with 4% PFA and then permeabilized with 0.1% saponin. Cells were incubated in an antibody dilution of 2.5 ug/mL for 30 minutes at room temperature, followed by Rabbit IgG (H+L) Cross-Adsorbed Secondary Antibody, Dylight 550 (SA5-10033, Thermo Fisher).](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Beclin-1-Antibody---BSA-Free-Flow-Cytometry-NB500-249-img0024.jpg)
![Western Blot: Beclin 1 Antibody - BSA Free [NB500-249] - Representative Western blot images and quantitative analyses of Beclin 1 from the left hemisphere of rat brains at different time points after SAH. Sample size is 36, n = 6 per group. Data were presented as mean +/- SD. F = 12.37 for Beclin 1. *P 0.05 versus TBI + vehicle group. beta -actin was used as a loading control. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28429775), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb500-249_rabbit-polyclonal-beclin-1-antibody-31020241537194.jpg)
![Western Blot: Beclin 1 Antibody - BSA Free [NB500-249] - AMPK knockout interrupts & decreases apoptosis in cochlea. (C) WB results show changes in autophagy-related proteins in cochleae of aging mice. There is a remarkable decline of mTOR signaling (Tg-B1 vs. AMPK+/−/Tg-B1, p 0.05 versus TBI + DMSO group. beta -actin was used as a loading control. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28429775), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb500-249_rabbit-polyclonal-beclin-1-antibody-310202416161847.jpg)
![Western Blot: Beclin 1 Antibody - BSA Free [NB500-249] - Inhibition of lysosomes leads to G1 arrest by inactivating cyclin E/CDK2 complex. (A) CQ treatment (10, 50, or 100 μM, 24 h) leads to cell cycle G1 arrest. Quantitation of different cell cycle stages in TM3 cells in the presence or absence of CQ. (B–D) EdU incorporation & mitotic index are reduced in CQ-treated TM3 cells. (B) Immunostaining of EdU (red) & DAPI (blue) in scramble control (CTL) or CQ treated TM3 cells. Quantitation of EdU incorporation (C) or mitotic index (D) in scramble control (CTL) or CQ-treated TM3 cells. These results are mean +/− SD from three independent experiments; more than 1000 cells were counted in each individual group. (E–G) CQ inhibited cyclin E1 expression & CDK2 activation. (E,F) Whole cell extracts of CQ-treated TM3 cells at the concentration of 10, 50, or 100 μM are analyzed by immunoblot with antibodies against Beclin1, cyclin D, cyclin A, cyclin E1, CDK2, phosphorylated CDK2 at Thr160 (pCDK2) & alpha -tubulin. (G) Quantitation of relative intensity of cyclin E & pCDK2 in (F). *P 50 cells were counted under a dissecting microscope. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//jhoonline.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1756-8722-7-23), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb500-249_rabbit-polyclonal-beclin-1-antibody-31020241618261.jpg)
![Western Blot: Beclin 1 Antibody - BSA Free [NB500-249] - Fucoxanthin activated autophagy after TBI.(A) Representative images of immunofluorescence for LC3 surrounding the injured cortex. LC3 punctate dots were observed in the cytoplasm by immunofluorescent staining of LC3 (red). Neuron cells & nuclei are labeled with NeuN (green) & DAPI (blue), respectively. Magnification: 40 x. Scale bar: 50 mm. (B) Mice brain tissues were collected 1 day after TBI in different groups, & the expression of LC3, Beclin-1 & p62 was measured by western blot. Fucoxanthin treatment significantly increased the level of LC3-II & Beclin-1 while decreasing the level of p62 after TBI. (C) 3-MA (400 nM) was injected i.c.v. 30 min before TBI. Mice were then subjected to TBI & treatment of fucoxanthin 30 min after TBI. Pretreatment with 3-MA significantly attenuated fucoxanthin-induced activation of autophagy & suppression of apoptosis & oxidative stress in the ipsilateral cortex. Data are presented as mean ± SEM, n = 6 per group; **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 versus sham group; #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01 versus TBI + vehicle group; &&p < 0.01, &&&p < 0.001 versus TBI + fucoxanthin group. beta -actin was used as a loading control. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28429775), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb500-249_rabbit-polyclonal-beclin-1-antibody-310202416171472.jpg)
![Western Blot: Beclin 1 Antibody - BSA Free [NB500-249] - GABARAP interacts with AC3 via LIRs of AC3 in a ciliary expression‐dependent manner. A‐E) WB (A) & densitometric quantification of the expression of GABARAP (B), ATG5 (C), VPS34 (D), & Beclin1(E) in the hypothalami of AC3+/+, AC3−/−, & hAC3 mice (n = 3 mice per group). Actin served as the loading control. F) Representative IF co‐staining with AC3 & GABARAP antibodies in the VMHs of WT mice. F′) A higher magnification of the boxed region. Scale bars: F) 20 µm; F′) 5 µm. G) Representative images showing the expression levels of GABARAP & AC3 in the VMHs of VMH pIFT88‐AC3 KD mice & the controls. Scale bars: 20 µm. H) Schematic representation of GABARAP binding LIRs at aa488‐aa493 & aa958‐aa963 of AC3. I) Co‐IP analysis of GABARAP & AC3 (WT), AC3 (LIR1 Mut), or AC3 (LIR2 Mut). LgG served as the negative control. J) Pull‐down analysis of GABARAP & AC3. K) Co‐IP analysis of GABARAP & AC3 (WT), AC3 (296 Mut), or AC3 (465 Mut). LgG served as the negative control. L) Schematic representation of AC3 regulating GABARAP. Data represent the mean ± SEM; *p < 0.05 & **p < 0.01; one‐way ANOVA & Bonferroni pairwise comparisons. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34783461), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb500-249_rabbit-polyclonal-beclin-1-antibody-310202416165618.jpg)
![Western Blot: Beclin 1 Antibody - BSA Free [NB500-249] - EMPA treatment enhanced autophagy in failing hearts. (A) Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed autophagosomes in the hearts. Red arrows point to autophagosomes. (B) EMPA activated autophagy pathway by inhibiting mTOR pathway. (C) RT-PCR results showed that the mRNA expression of Beclin1, Atg7 & LC3 were increased by EMPA treatment after TAC. Results are expressed as mean ± SEM, n = 5–7, *p < 0.05 vs. corresponding sham group, †p < 0.05 vs. corresponding TAC vehicle group. One-way ANOVA & Tukey post hoc test. EMPA, empagliflozin; SEM, standard error of the mean; TAC, transverse aortic constriction; AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; Ulk, Unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase; Atg7, autophagy related 7; LC3, light chain 3; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35647080), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb500-249_rabbit-polyclonal-beclin-1-antibody-31020241616566.jpg)
![Simple Western: alpha Tubulin Antibody (DM1A) [NB100-690] - Simple Western lane view shows a specific band for alpha Tubulin in 1.0 mg/ml of HeLa lysate. This experiment was performed under reducing conditions using the 12-230 kDa separation system. Alpha tubulin molecular weight: 50 kDa.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/alpha-Tubulin-Antibody-DM1A-Simple-Western-NB100-690-img0023.jpg "Simple Western: alpha Tubulin Antibody (DM1A) [NB100-690] - Simple Western lane view shows a specific band for alpha Tubulin in 1.0 mg/ml of HeLa lysate. This experiment was performed under reducing conditions using the 12-230 kDa separation system. Alpha tubulin molecular weight: 50 kDa.")
![Immunohistochemistry: alpha Tubulin Antibody (DM1A) [NB100-690] - Analysis of formalin fixed colon sections. Heat mediated antigen retrieval was performed using sodium citrate buffer for 20 min before incubating with primary antibody at a 0.5ug/ml dilution for 15 min at RT.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/alpha-Tubulin-Antibody-DM1A-Immunohistochemistry-NB100-690-img0028.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry: alpha Tubulin Antibody (DM1A) [NB100-690] - Analysis of colon tissue. Sections were formalin fixed and embedded with paraffin. Sodium citrate heat mediated antigen retrieval for 20 min. Incubated with primary antibody for 15 min at a 5 ug/ml concentration. Corner image is staining with secondary only.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/alpha-Tubulin-Antibody-DM1A-Immunohistochemistry-NB100-690-img0029.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry: alpha Tubulin Antibody (DM1A) [NB100-690] - Analysis of formalin fixed paraffin embedded heart sections. Used at a dilution of 1:500.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/alpha-Tubulin-Antibody-DM1A-Immunohistochemistry-NB100-690-img0031.jpg)
![Western Blot: alpha Tubulin Antibody (DM1A) [NB100-690] - Analsis of alpha tubulin in 9 cell lysates. Lane 1. HeLa; Lane 2. JURKAT; Lane 3. COS7; Lane 4. NIH-3T3; Lane 5. PC-12; Lane 6. RAT2; Lane 7. CHO; Lane 8. MDBK; Lane 9. MDCK](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/alpha-Tubulin-Antibody-DM1A-Western-Blot-NB100-690-img0032.jpg)
![Flow Cytometry: alpha Tubulin Antibody (DM1A) [NB100-690] - Intracellular flow cytometric staining of 1 x 10^6 CHO (A) and HEK-293 (B) cells using alpha Tubulin antibody (dark blue). Isotype control shown in orange. An antibody concentration of 1 ug/1x10^6 cells was used.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/alpha-Tubulin-Antibody-DM1A-Flow-Cytometry-NB100-690-img0016.jpg)
![Immunomicroscopy: alpha Tubulin Antibody (DM1A) [NB100-690] - Analysis of HeLa cells, green staining is alpha tubulin whereas red is DNA stained with propidium iodide.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/alpha-Tubulin-Antibody-DM1A-Immunomicroscopy-NB100-690-img0037.jpg)
![Western Blot: alpha Tubulin Antibody (DM1A) [NB100-690] - GS treatment increases markers of beiging in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. GS treatment upregulates markers of beiging, including beta-3AR (C) proteins. Data presented as mean +/- SEM from n = 4 replicates per group. * p 0 for sensitive & <0 resistant. (D) Apoptotic H1299 (null p53), A549 (wild type p53), Bm7-shGFP (mutant p53), & Bm7-shTP53 (knock-down p53) cells treated with simvastatin were detected using flow cytometry, *P < 0.05 & **P < 0.01. (E) Apoptotic HCC827-shGFP (mutant p53) & HCC827-shTP53 (knock-down p53) cells treated with simvastatin & cisplatin were detected using flow cytometry, *P < 0.05 & **P < 0.01. (F) Western blots of indicated proteins involved in apoptosis & autophagy in both Bm7 & HCC827 cells with control (shGFP) & p53 knockdown (shTP53) treated with simvastatin is shown. MDM2, murine double minute 2; AKT, serine–threonine kinase; PARP, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; WT, wild type. Full-length blots/gels are presented in Supplementary Fig. 1. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31892709), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-690_mouse-monoclonal-alpha-tubulin-antibody-dm1a-img-80196-310202415541925.jpg)
![Western Blot: alpha Tubulin Antibody (DM1A) - BSA Free [NB100-690] - Pre-treatment with 0.5 mM sodium arsenite (SA) enhances permissivity in a cell-type-specific manner across reovirus strains. (A) CV-1, HeLa, L929, or HPDE cells were left untreated (no SA) or were treated with 0.5 mM SA for 30 min prior to infection (Pre-SA). Following this, cells were infected with T3D such that ~20% to 50% of cells were infected & at 18 h p.i. cells were fixed & immunostained for μNS & DAPI to visualize viral factories (VFs). The percent of cells containing VFs was quantified ((# of cells containing VFs/total # of cells) × 100) from three independent experiments. The expression level of μNS (B) & μ1 (C) was determined in CV-1, L929, or HeLa cells either left untreated (no SA) or treated with 0.5 mM SA for 30 min (Pre-SA) before infection with T3D at MOI = 1. At 18 h p.i., cells were harvested & the expression level of the indicated proteins was determined by immunoblot. M = mock. Densitometry analysis of the band intensity for μNS & μ1 was adjusted to the matched alpha -tubulin loading control for two independent experiments. Columns represent mean ± SEM. (D) CV-1; (E) L929; or (F) HeLa cells were left untreated (no SA) or were treated with 0.5 mM SA prior to infection (Pre-SA). Cells were then infected with the reovirus strains, T3D, T1L, or T3A, as described in (A). At 18 h p.i., cells were fixed & immunostained for μNS & DAPI to detect VFs. The percent of cells containing VFs was quantified ((# of cells containing VFs/total # of cells) × 100) from at least two independent experiments. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; two-tailed unpaired t test. The error bars indicate S.D. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31216693), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-690_mouse-monoclonal-alpha-tubulin-antibody-dm1a-img-80196-31020241553208.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry: SARS Nucleocapsid Protein Antibody [NB100-56576] - Immunostaining of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in pulmonary tissues from fatal coronavirus disease cases. A) P5 (Patient 5): scattered immunostaining of tracheal epithelial cells. B) P5: higher magnification shows immunostaining of ciliated cells. C) P8: immunostaining of desquamated type I pneumocyte in an alveolar lumen. D) P4: colocalization of SARS-CoV-2 viral antigen (red) with type II pneumocyte stained by surfactant (brown; arrow). E) P4: colocalization of SARS-CoV-2 viral antigen (red) with macrophages stained by CD163 (brown; arrows); virus immunostaining within type II pneumocytes is also seen (arrowheads). F) P4: extensive immunostaining of hyaline membranes in a region of exudative DAD. G) P3: scattered immunostaining within macrophage in hilar lymph node; anthracosis is also present. Emerg Infect Dis. 2020 May 21;26(9) 10.3201/eid2609.202095, PMID: 32437316](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/SARS-Nucleocapsid-Protein-Antibody-Immunohistochemistry-NB100-56576-img0005.jpg "Immunohistochemistry: SARS Nucleocapsid Protein Antibody [NB100-56576] - Immunostaining of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in pulmonary tissues from fatal coronavirus disease cases. A) P5 (Patient 5): scattered immunostaining of tracheal epithelial cells. B) P5: higher magnification shows immunostaining of ciliated cells. C) P8: immunostaining of desquamated type I pneumocyte in an alveolar lumen. D) P4: colocalization of SARS-CoV-2 viral antigen (red) with type II pneumocyte stained by surfactant (brown; arrow). E) P4: colocalization of SARS-CoV-2 viral antigen (red) with macrophages stained by CD163 (brown; arrows); virus immunostaining within type II pneumocytes is also seen (arrowheads). F) P4: extensive immunostaining of hyaline membranes in a region of exudative DAD. G) P3: scattered immunostaining within macrophage in hilar lymph node; anthracosis is also present. Emerg Infect Dis. 2020 May 21;26(9) 10.3201/eid2609.202095, PMID: 32437316")
![Immunohistochemistry: SARS Nucleocapsid Protein Antibody [NB100-56576] - Pathological changes in rhesus macaques infected with SARS-CoV-2. (g) SARSCoV-2 antigen is detected by immunohistochemistry in type I pneumocytes. Magnification 400x. (j) SARS-CoV-2 antigen is detected by immunohistochemistry in type I pneumocytes (asterisk) and type II pneumocytes (arrow) as well as alveolar macrophages (arrowheads). Magnification 400x. (k) SARS-CoV-2 antigen is detected by immunohistochemistry in mediastinal lymph node. Magnification 400x. (l) SARSCoV-2 antigen is detected by immunohistochemistry in macrophages and lymphocytes in the lamina propria of the cecum. Magnification 400x. bioRxiv March 21, 2020 //doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.21.001628](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/SARS-Nucleocapsid-Protein-Antibody-Immunohistochemistry-NB100-56576-img0004.jpg)
![<b>Orthogonal Strategies Validation. </b>Dual RNAscope ISH-IHC: SARS Nucleocapsid Protein Antibody [NB100-56576] - Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections of SARS-CoV-2 infected human lung tissue were probed for SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA (ACD anti-sense specific probe v-nCoV2019-S (848561); Fast Red chromogen, ACD [322360]). Adjacent tissue section was processed for immunohistochemistry using rabbit polyclonal anti-SARS Nucleocapsid Antibody [NB100-56576] at 15ug/mL with 1 hr incubation at 25 degrees Celsius followed by incubation with anti-rabbit IgG VisUCyte HRP Polymer Antibody [VC003] and DAB chromogen (yellow-brown). Tissue was counterstained with hematoxylin (blue). Specific staining was localized to SARS-CoV-2 infected cells.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/SARS-Nucleocapsid-Protein-Antibody-Dual-RNAscope-ISH-IHC-NB100-56576-img0006.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry: SARS Nucleocapsid Protein Antibody [NB100-56576] - Characteristics of 2B4 cells clonally derived from human bronchial epithelial Calu-3 cells. Finally, 2B4 cells (passage 6) were infected with SARS-CoV (MOI = 0.1) for 24, 48, and 72 hrs before being fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde for monitoring the morphological changes of infected cells, as visualized by the expression of SARS-CoV NP protein (red) by using the standard IHC (F). Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0008729) licensed under a CC-BY license.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/SARS-Nucleocapsid-Protein-Antibody-Immunohistochemistry-NB100-56576-img0003.jpg)
![Western Blot: SARS Nucleocapsid Protein Antibody [NB100-56576] - Western blot shows recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid protein. PVDF membrane was probed with 1 ug/mL of Rabbit Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # NB100-56576) followed by HRP-conjugated Anti-Rabbit IgG Secondary Antibody (HAF008). A specific band was detected for SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid at approximately 55 kDa (as indicated). This experiment was conducted under reducing conditions and using Western Blot Buffer Group 1](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/SARS-Nucleocapsid-Protein-Antibody-Western-Blot-NB100-56576-img0007.jpg)
![Western Blot: SARS Nucleocapsid Protein Antibody [NB100-56576] - analysis of SARS Nucleocapsid in (A) untransfected mouse melanoma cell lysate and (B) transfected cell lysate using this antibody.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/SARS-Nucleocapsid-Protein-Antibody-Western-Blot-NB100-56576-img0002.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry-Frozen: Rabbit Polyclonal SARS Nucleocapsid Protein Antibody [NB100-56576] - Immunostaining of mouse adult lung infected with SARS-CoV-2. Image from a verified customer review.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/antibody/nb100-56576_rabbit-polyclonal-sars-nucleocapsid-protein-antibody-immunohistochemistry-frozen-2142025123352..png)
![Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: TRF-2 Antibody [NB110-57130] - HeLa cells were fixed for 10 minutes using 10% formalin and then permeabilized for 5 minutes using 1X TBS + 0.5% Triton X-100. The cells were incubated with antibody at a 1:200 dilution overnight at 4 degrees Celsius and detected with DyLight 488 (Green) at a 1:500 dilution. Alpha tubulin was used as a co-stain at a 1:1000 dilution and detected with Dylight 550 (Red). Nuclei were detected with DAPI (Blue) at 2.0 ug/ml in 1X PBS. Cells were imaged using a 40X objective.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/TRF-2-Antibody-Immunocytochemistry-Immunofluorescence-NB110-57130-img0011.jpg "Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: TRF-2 Antibody [NB110-57130] - HeLa cells were fixed for 10 minutes using 10% formalin and then permeabilized for 5 minutes using 1X TBS + 0.5% Triton X-100. The cells were incubated with antibody at a 1:200 dilution overnight at 4 degrees Celsius and detected with DyLight 488 (Green) at a 1:500 dilution. Alpha tubulin was used as a co-stain at a 1:1000 dilution and detected with Dylight 550 (Red). Nuclei were detected with DAPI (Blue) at 2.0 ug/ml in 1X PBS. Cells were imaged using a 40X objective.")
![Simple Western: TRF-2 Antibody [NB110-57130] - Lane view shows a specific band for TRF2 in 1.0 mg/mL of HeLa lysate. This experiment was performed under reducing conditions using the 12-230 kDa separation system.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/TRF-2-Antibody-Simple-Western-NB110-57130-img0010.jpg)
![Western Blot: TRF-2 Antibody [NB110-57130] - Analysis of HeLa whole cell lysate (A), HeLa nuclear cell lysate (B), k562 cell lysate (C), HepG2 cell lysate (D), NIH/3T3 cell lysate (E), CHO cell lysate (F), PC12 cell lysate (G), and Cos7 cell lysate (H) using antibody at a concentration of 2 ug/mL.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/TRF-2-Antibody-Western-Blot-NB110-57130-img0008.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: TRF-2 Antibody [NB110-57130] - Analysis in xenografted human breast cancer tissue using DAB with hematoxylin counterstain.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/TRF-2-Antibody-Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin-NB110-57130-img0007.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: TRF-2 Antibody [NB110-57130] - Analysis of FFPE human breast cancer tissue with rabbit polyclonal TRF2 antibody at a dilution of 1:200. The staining was developed with HRP-DAB detection method and the counterstaining was performed using hematoxylin. This TRF2 antibody generated an expected nuclear signal in all the cancer cells and the stromal cells. In the tested section, only a subset of myoepithelial cells showed positivity for this protein.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/TRF-2-Antibody-Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin-NB110-57130-img0013.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: TRF-2 Antibody [NB110-57130] - NIH3T3 cells were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 10 minutes and permeabilized in 0.5% Triton X-100 in PBS for 5 minutes. The cells were incubated with anti-TRF-2 Antibody NB110-57130 at 2 ug/ml overnight at 4C and detected with an anti-rabbit Dylight 488 (Green) at a 1:1000 dilution for 60 minutes. Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (Blue). Cells were imaged using a 100X objective and digitally deconvolved.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/TRF-2-Antibody-Immunocytochemistry-Immunofluorescence-NB110-57130-img0016.jpg)
![Flow Cytometry: TRF-2 Antibody [NB110-57130] - An intracellular stain was performed on HeLa cells with TRF-2 Antibody NB110-57130 (blue) and a matched isotype control NBP2-24891 (orange). Cells were fixed with 4% PFA and then permeabilized with 0.1% saponin. Cells were incubated in an antibody dilution of 1.0 ug/mL for 30 minutes at room temperature, followed by Rabbit IgG (H+L) Cross-Adsorbed Secondary Antibody, Dylight 550 (SA5-10033, Thermo Fisher).](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/TRF-2-Antibody-Flow-Cytometry-NB110-57130-img0017.jpg)
![Chromatin Immunoprecipitation: TRF-2 Antibody [NB110-57130] - Analysis in mouse. Titrated TRF2 antibody to determine concentration required for ChIP experiment. ChIP image submitted by a verified customer review.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/TRF-2-Antibody-Chromatin-Immunoprecipitation-NB110-57130-img0009.jpg)
![<b>Genetic Strategies Validation. </b>Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: TRF-2 Antibody [NB110-57130] - RNAi-mediated depletion of human separase (ESPL1) induces TIFs. Control scrambled siRNA- (control) and ESPL1 siRNA-treated fibroblasts stained with anti-p53-binding protein 1 (53BP1; green) and anti-TRF2 (red). It is noteworthy that in ESPL1 siRNA-treated cells, 53BP1 signals frequently overlap with TRF2 signals marking the TIFs. Scale bar, 5 um. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/ncomms10405), licensed under a CC-BY license.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/TRF-2-Antibody-Immunocytochemistry-Immunofluorescence-NB110-57130-img0015.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: TRF-2 Antibody [NB110-57130] - Analysis of FFPE human breast cancer tissue with rabbit polyclonal TRF2 antibody at 1:200 dilution. The staining was developed with HRP-DAB detection method and the counterstaining was performed using hematoxylin. This TRF2 antibody generated an expected nuclear signal in all the cancer cells and the stromal cells. In the tested section, only a subset of myoepithelial cells showed positivity for this protein.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/TRF-2-Antibody-Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin-NB110-57130-img0012.jpg)
![Flow Cytometry: TRF-2 Antibody [NB110-57130] - An intracellular stain was performed on HeLa cells with TRF-2 Antibody NB110-57130AF488 (blue) and a matched isotype control (orange). Cells were fixed with 4% PFA and then permeabilized with 0.1% saponin. Cells were incubated in an antibody dilution of 5 ug/mL for 30 minutes at room temperature. Both antibodies were conjugated to Alexa Fluor 488.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/TRF-2-Antibody-Flow-Cytometry-NB110-57130-img0014.jpg)
![Western Blot: TRF-2 Antibody - BSA Free [NB110-57130] - Repressive chromatin induced on p21 promoter in TRF2 dependent way. (A–C) Loss of chromatin activation marks H3K4Me, H3K4Me2 in stable TRF2 expressed HT1080 cells (A); increase in LSD1 occupancy in TRF2 over-expressing HT1080 cells. (B) (Full images are shown in Supplementary Figures S6 & S7); Co-immunoprecipitation of TRF2 with LSD1 (immunoprecipitation with anti-TRF2 antibody followed by immunoblotting with anti-LSD1 or anti-TRF2 antibody) (C); (D) Reverse Co-immunoprecipitation of LSD1 with TRF2 (immunoprecipitation with anti-LSD1 antibody followed by immunoblotting with anti-TRF2 antibody); (E) & reduced occupancy of the repressor complex REST, Co-REST & LSD1 on silencing TRF2 on p21 promoter. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-11177-1), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb110-57130_rabbit-polyclonal-trf-2-antibody-31020241528452.jpg)
![Chromatin Immunoprecipitation: TRF-2 Antibody - BSA Free [NB110-57130] - TRF2 occupancy on G4-motif sites on gene promoters within cells.A, telomeric enrichment was tested for TRF2 ChIP samples performed in HT1080 cells. Telomeric signal was normalized to signal from ALU probe. B, TRF2 occupancy at gene promoter sites in HT1080 cells (endogenous TRF2 & TRF2-overexpressed) quantified using ChIP-qRT PCR. TRF2 ChIP/IgG (mock) enrichment was normalized to 1% input; CTCF promoter (which does not harbor a TRF2 peak) was used as negative control; error bars correspond to S.D., & statistical significance was calculated by paired t test (*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01). For the TRF2-overexpressed condition (in red), all p values were <0.01. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31575660), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb110-57130_rabbit-polyclonal-trf-2-antibody-310202415293320.jpg)
![Western Blot: TRF-2 Antibody - BSA Free [NB110-57130] - Repressive chromatin induced on p21 promoter in TRF2 dependent way. (A–C) Loss of chromatin activation marks H3K4Me, H3K4Me2 in stable TRF2 expressed HT1080 cells (A); increase in LSD1 occupancy in TRF2 over-expressing HT1080 cells. (B) (Full images are shown in Supplementary Figures S6 & S7); Co-immunoprecipitation of TRF2 with LSD1 (immunoprecipitation with anti-TRF2 antibody followed by immunoblotting with anti-LSD1 or anti-TRF2 antibody) (C); (D) Reverse Co-immunoprecipitation of LSD1 with TRF2 (immunoprecipitation with anti-LSD1 antibody followed by immunoblotting with anti-TRF2 antibody); (E) & reduced occupancy of the repressor complex REST, Co-REST & LSD1 on silencing TRF2 on p21 promoter. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-11177-1), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb110-57130_rabbit-polyclonal-trf-2-antibody-310202415363710.jpg)
![Chromatin Immunoprecipitation: TRF-2 Antibody - BSA Free [NB110-57130] - Thousands of extra-telomeric TRF2 binding sites found across the genome.A, extra-telomeric TRF2 peaks found in HT1080 cells following TRF2 ChIP-Seq: 20304 TRF2 peaks were common between two independent experiments. B, distribution of common TRF2 peaks around TSSs. Distance from the TSS is shown in kb. C, replicate consistency plot generated using irreproducible discovery rate analysis; 1956 peaks found at ≤0.01 are marked. D, distribution of 1956 TRF2 peaks with IDR 0.01 (TRF2HC peaks) around the TSS. Distance from the TSS is shown in kb. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31575660), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb110-57130_rabbit-polyclonal-trf-2-antibody-310202415371955.jpg)
![Western Blot: TRF-2 Antibody - BSA Free [NB110-57130] - TRF1HP1 alpha allele-specific protection effects upon si-TRF2-induced telomeric damage. 72 h after transfection, a TRF2 knockdown efficiency with antibody against TRF2 (anti-TRF2) & GAPDH (anti-GAPDH) as loading control. (−) si-non-targeting; (+) si-TRF2. Quantification of TIFs in b si-non-targeting (n = 32–47 nuclei per group) or c si-TRF2. Left *p = 0.0188, right *p = 0.0192, **p = 0.0042, ****p < 0.0001 (n = 31–48 nuclei per group). b, c Significance is assessed by one-way ANOVA & Dunnett’s multiple comparison test with 95% confidence level. Error bars represent s.e.m. Note the similar pattern among TRF1HP1 alpha alleles in c compared to the corresponding allele pattern in Fig. 4b Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30181605), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb110-57130_rabbit-polyclonal-trf-2-antibody-310202415284520.jpg)
![Chromatin Immunoprecipitation: TRF-2 Antibody - BSA Free [NB110-57130] - TRF2 peaks harbor G-quadruplex motifs genome-wide.A, schematic representation of a G4 motif; sequence pattern with loop/stem & PG4 motif formed by a tetrad of guanine trimers interspersed with loops that can vary in length. B & C, PG4 motifs & TRF2 peaks significantly overlap. High-confidence TRF2-binding sites (TRF2HC peaks) determined by ChIP-Seq in HT1080 cells were significantly enriched in PG4-motif sequences (B), & conversely, PG4-motif sequences were enriched within TRF2HC peaks (C). Nonoverlapping PG4 motifs were considered for analysis; for control analysis, 100 regions of identical length for each TRF2 peak were taken. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01 (Fisher's exact test). Error bars, S.D. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31575660), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb110-57130_rabbit-polyclonal-trf-2-antibody-31020241538415.jpg)
![Western Blot: TRF-2 Antibody - BSA Free [NB110-57130] - Repressive chromatin induced on p21 promoter in TRF2 dependent way. (A–C) Loss of chromatin activation marks H3K4Me, H3K4Me2 in stable TRF2 expressed HT1080 cells (A); increase in LSD1 occupancy in TRF2 over-expressing HT1080 cells. (B) (Full images are shown in Supplementary Figures S6 & S7); Co-immunoprecipitation of TRF2 with LSD1 (immunoprecipitation with anti-TRF2 antibody followed by immunoblotting with anti-LSD1 or anti-TRF2 antibody) (C); (D) Reverse Co-immunoprecipitation of LSD1 with TRF2 (immunoprecipitation with anti-LSD1 antibody followed by immunoblotting with anti-TRF2 antibody); (E) & reduced occupancy of the repressor complex REST, Co-REST & LSD1 on silencing TRF2 on p21 promoter. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-11177-1), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb110-57130_rabbit-polyclonal-trf-2-antibody-310202415392522.jpg)
![Western Blot: TRF-2 Antibody - BSA Free [NB110-57130] - TRF2 transcriptionally regulates p21 expression through promoter occupancy. (A) Quantitative ChIP using TRF2 antibody gives enriched binding of TRF2 on p21 promoter in HT1080 & MDA-MB-231 cells, IgG was used as isotypic antibody control; normalized with 10% input (data represented as mean ± SEM, for three replicates). (B,C) TRF2 represses p21 promoter activity. In luciferase assay, si-RNA-mediated silencing or TRF2 over expression resulted in increased (B, *p value < 0.05, Student’s t-test; data represented as mean ± SEM of three replicates) or reduction (C, *p value < 0.05, Student’s t-test; data represented as mean ± SEM of three replicates) in p21 promoter activity in HT1080 & MDA-MB-231 cells, respectively; over expression of TRF2 devoid of DNA binding [deletion of basic (delB), myb (delM) & both basic/myb (delB-delM) domains] resulted in partial or complete rescue of p21 promoter activity in HT1080 & MDA-MB-231 cells (data represented as mean ± SEM, for three replicates) (C). (D,E) HT1080 cells over expressing TRF2 show reduced p21 protein expression, bar graph shows the densitometry analysis of three different immunoblot replicates (*p value < 0.05, Student’s t-test; data represented as mean ± SEM of three replicates). (E) (Full images are shown in Supplementary Figure S5); TRF2 silencing results in increase in p21 protein, bar graph shows the densitometry analysis of three different immunoblots (*p value < 0.05, Student’s t-test; data represented as mean ± SEM of three replicates) (F); & mRNA expression in HT1080 cells (*p value < 0.05, Student’s t-test; data represented as mean ± SEM of three replicates, GAPDH used as internal control for real-time PCR). Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-11177-1), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb110-57130_rabbit-polyclonal-trf-2-antibody-31020241624926.jpg)
![Chromatin Immunoprecipitation: TRF-2 Antibody - BSA Free [NB110-57130] - TRF2 occupancy at gene promoters is sensitive to intracellular G-quadruplex–binding ligand 360A.A, TRF2 occupancy at gene promoter sites was checked by ChIP qRT-PCR in HT1080 cells following overexpression of TRF2 in the presence or absence of 360A. Error bars, S.D. from three independent experiments; CTCF promoter was used as a negative control. B, TRF2 level was checked by Western blotting in the presence of the ligand 360A in both untransfected & TRF2 transient overexpression conditions. Overexpression was also confirmed by probing for DDK tag. GAPDH was used as loading control. C, expression of target genes was analyzed by qRT-PCR in HT1080 cells following overexpression of TRF2 in the presence or absence of 360A. GAPDH expression was used for normalization; error bars, S.D. from three independent experiments. Statistical significance was calculated by paired t test (*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01). Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31575660), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb110-57130_rabbit-polyclonal-trf-2-antibody-3102024162491.jpg)
![Western Blot: TRF-2 Antibody - BSA Free [NB110-57130] - A. Co-IP analysis of the interaction between DSP & TRF2 in HEK293 cells & MCF-7 cells. B. Co-IP analysis of the interaction between DSP & TRF2 in DSP-EGFP transfected HEK293 cells or DSP△NLS-EGFP transfected HEK293 cells. C. DSP pull down by telomere targeting CASID with the condition of TRF2 knockdown in HEK293 cells. Histone H3 is the loading control. D.TRF1 & TRF2 pull-down assay by telomere targeting CASID with the condition of DSP knockdown in HEK293 cells. E. Left, Dot blot of telomere DNA repeats in chromatin pull down by DSP with the condition of TRF1 or TRF2 knockdown. The dot-blot was performed at least three times & the represented one is shown. Right, the histogram shows the quantitated results of the dot blots. The triple asterisks (***) indicates a p-value less than 0.01. ns. indicates the insignificance difference. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31595153), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb110-57130_rabbit-polyclonal-trf-2-antibody-310202416235527.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: TRF-2 Antibody - BSA Free [NB110-57130] - TERRA & telomere transcription in ALT cells.(a) TERRA northern blot hybridizations of RNA from the indicated cell lines (VA13: WI-38 VA13; 1.2.11: HeLa 1.2.11) pre-treated with RNaseA or left untreated. Ethidium bromide stained 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is shown to control for loading. Long TERRA molecules comprised between the wells of the gels (w) & 28S rRNA are indicated. (b) TERRA CpG-island promoter methylation analysis of the indicated cell lines. Genomic DNA was digested with the methylation sensitive restriction enzyme MspI or its methylation insensitive isoschizomer HpaII. DNA was hybridized using a radioactively labelled probe detecting TERRA promoter CpG-island repeats. Nomet: fragments corresponding to unmethylated restriction products. (c) Dot blot hybridization of DNA immunoprecipitated with antibodies against phosphorylated Serines S2 & S5 of RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain. Hybridizations were performed with a telomeric probe. Quantifications are shown at the bottom. (d) Bars & error bars are averages & s.d. from three independent experiments. (e) Examples of TERRA FISH in the indicated cells. TERRA is shown in red, DAPI-stained DNA in blue. Scale bar, 9 μm. (f) IF/FISH experiments in the indicated cell lines. TERRA is in red, TRF2 in green & PML in blue. In the merge panels, arrowheads point to nuclear foci where the three factors co-localize. Scale bar, 9 μm. (g) Information surface at 0.01 μm detail level of three TERRA-containing APBs. TERRA is in red, TRF2 in green & PML in cyan. Images were generated with Three-Dimensional Structured Illumination Microscopy (3D-SIM). Scale bars, 0.4 μm. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25330849), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb110-57130_rabbit-polyclonal-trf-2-antibody-310202416235545.jpg)
![Western Blot: TRF-2 Antibody - BSA Free [NB110-57130] - TRF2 occupancy at gene promoters is sensitive to intracellular G-quadruplex–binding ligand 360A.A, TRF2 occupancy at gene promoter sites was checked by ChIP qRT-PCR in HT1080 cells following overexpression of TRF2 in the presence or absence of 360A. Error bars, S.D. from three independent experiments; CTCF promoter was used as a negative control. B, TRF2 level was checked by Western blotting in the presence of the ligand 360A in both untransfected & TRF2 transient overexpression conditions. Overexpression was also confirmed by probing for DDK tag. GAPDH was used as loading control. C, expression of target genes was analyzed by qRT-PCR in HT1080 cells following overexpression of TRF2 in the presence or absence of 360A. GAPDH expression was used for normalization; error bars, S.D. from three independent experiments. Statistical significance was calculated by paired t test (*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01). Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31575660), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb110-57130_rabbit-polyclonal-trf-2-antibody-31020241624924.jpg)
![Western Blot: TRF-2 Antibody - BSA Free [NB110-57130] - A. Gene ontology analysis of proteins identified by CASID targeting telomeres. B. Western blot detection of TRF1, POT1, & DSP in the proteins pulled down by CASID with the presence of telo-sgRNA in HEK293 cells. Input represents the initial nuclear extract before the pull-down mediated by CASID. C. left, ChIP assay of telomere binding of TRF2 or DSP in MCF-7 cells & HEK293 cells. The chromatin DNA precipitated by anti-DSP & anti-TRF2 antibodies were analyzed by dot blot using the probes recognizing telomere (Telo-p) or Alu DNA repeats (Alu-p). The detection of Alu DNA repeats serves as negative control. The dot-blot was performed at least three times & the represented one is shown. Right, the histogram shows the quantitated results of the dot blots. The triple asterisks (***) indicates a p-value less than 0.01. D. Fluorescence imaging of DSP-EGFP in MCF-7 cells & U2OS cells. The EGFP signal indicates the localization of DSP-EGFP (green) & the Telo-FISH signal indicates the localization of telomeres (red). The overlapping between DSP-EGFP & Telo-FISH is in yellow as revealed in the enlarged nuclear area. The dCAS9-EGFP construct without telo-sgRNA was used for U2OS transfection & the imaging of EGFP serves as negative control. E. DSP localization in interphase & pro-metaphase nucleus. DSP-EGFP indicates the DSP locations & DAPI indicates the nucleus. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31595153), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb110-57130_rabbit-polyclonal-trf-2-antibody-31020241624912.jpg)
![Western Blot: TRF-2 Antibody - BSA Free [NB110-57130] - TRF2 interacts with lamin A/C.(a) Pull down of endogenous TRF2 in IMR90s. The top panel shows a blot probed for endogenous lamin A/C, & the bottom panel shows a blot with the same samples probed for TRF2. (b) Pull down of endogenously expressed lamin A/C in IMR90s. The top panel shows a blot probed for endogenous TRF2, & the bottom panel shows a blot with the same samples probed for endogenous lamin A/C. (c) Pull down of endogenous lamin A/C in IMR90s exogenously expressing GFP, GFP-TRF2, GFP-TRF delta B delta M or GFP-TRF1. The top panel shows a blot probed for GFP, & the bottom panel shows the same blot probed for lamin A/C. (d) Pull down of endogenous TRF2 in IMR90s exogenously expressing GFP, GFP-LMNA or progerin (GFP-LMNA delta 50). The top panel shows a blot probed for GFP, & the bottom panel shows the same blot probed for TRF2. Asterisks denote IgG bands. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25399868), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb110-57130_rabbit-polyclonal-trf-2-antibody-310202416235540.jpg)
![Western Blot: TRF-2 Antibody - BSA Free [NB110-57130] - Widespread dysregulation of shelterin protein expression in bortezomib-treated HEL & BGC-823 cellsA. & B. mRNA levels of shelterin factors TRF1, TRF2, TPP1, POT1, RAP1 & TIN2 in bortezomib-treated cells. Cells were treated with bortezomib for 24 hours & qPCR was used for quantitative assays. The levels of each target mRNA in bortezomib-treated cells were expressed as percentages of those in untreated cells. (A) HEL cells & (B) BGC-823 cells. C. & D. Immunoblotting assessment of TRF1, TRF2 & POT1 protein expression in bortezomib-treated cells. Same sets of cells above were analyzed for TRF1, TRF2 & POT1 protein levels & shown was representative of three independent experiments. (C) HEL cells & (D) BGC-823 cells. * & **: P < 0.05 & 0.01, respectively. BTZ, bortezomib. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//www.oncotarget.com/lookup/doi/10.18632/oncotarget.5752), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb110-57130_rabbit-polyclonal-trf-2-antibody-31020241623553.jpg)
![Western Blot: TRF-2 Antibody - BSA Free [NB110-57130] - A. Co-IP analysis of the interaction between DSP & TRF2 in HEK293 cells & MCF-7 cells. B. Co-IP analysis of the interaction between DSP & TRF2 in DSP-EGFP transfected HEK293 cells or DSP△NLS-EGFP transfected HEK293 cells. C. DSP pull down by telomere targeting CASID with the condition of TRF2 knockdown in HEK293 cells. Histone H3 is the loading control. D.TRF1 & TRF2 pull-down assay by telomere targeting CASID with the condition of DSP knockdown in HEK293 cells. E. Left, Dot blot of telomere DNA repeats in chromatin pull down by DSP with the condition of TRF1 or TRF2 knockdown. The dot-blot was performed at least three times & the represented one is shown. Right, the histogram shows the quantitated results of the dot blots. The triple asterisks (***) indicates a p-value less than 0.01. ns. indicates the insignificance difference. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31595153), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb110-57130_rabbit-polyclonal-trf-2-antibody-31020241624919.jpg)
![Western Blot: TRF-2 Antibody - BSA Free [NB110-57130] - Telomere deprotection contributes to replication stress lethality. a Western blots of whole cell extracts from HT1080 6TG cells stably transduced with control, TRF2 shRNA (TRF sh-F) or TRF2 over expression (TRF2OE) vectors. b Representative images of cyto-centrifuged chromosome spreads stained with DAPI (blue), gamma -H2AX IF (red) & telomere PNA (green) from control, TRF sh-F or TRF2OE HT1080 6TG cells treated with DMSO or APH. Scale bar represents 10 µm. c, d Quantitation of mitotic telomere DDR foci from Control sh & TRF2 sh-F cells (c) or vector & TRF2OE cells (d) ± DMSO or APH (three biological replicates scoring n = 50 mitotic spreads per replicate compiled in a Tukey box plot, Mann–Whitney test). e Difference in the mean number of mitotic telomeric gamma -H2AX foci between HT1080 6TG TRF2 sh-F or TRF2OE cells & their appropriate vector control. These are a different representation of the same data shown in (c, d) (mean ± s.e.m., n = 3 three biological replications, Student’s t-test). f Mitotic duration to cell death in APH treated control, TRF2 sh-F & or TRF2OE cells (three biological replicates scoring ≥267 mitotic death events per condition are shown in a dot plot, mean ± s.e.m., Mann–Whitney test). g Mitotic outcome of control, TRF2 sh-F & TRF2OE cells treated with APH or DMSO (mean ± s.e.m., n = 3 biological replicates of at least 267 mitoses per condition, Fisher’s Exact Test). For all panels, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01. Source data are provided as a Source Data file Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31530811), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb110-57130_rabbit-polyclonal-trf-2-antibody-310202416235510.jpg)
![Western Blot: TRF-2 Antibody - BSA Free [NB110-57130] - A. Co-IP analysis of the interaction between DSP & TRF2 in HEK293 cells & MCF-7 cells. B. Co-IP analysis of the interaction between DSP & TRF2 in DSP-EGFP transfected HEK293 cells or DSP△NLS-EGFP transfected HEK293 cells. C. DSP pull down by telomere targeting CASID with the condition of TRF2 knockdown in HEK293 cells. Histone H3 is the loading control. D.TRF1 & TRF2 pull-down assay by telomere targeting CASID with the condition of DSP knockdown in HEK293 cells. E. Left, Dot blot of telomere DNA repeats in chromatin pull down by DSP with the condition of TRF1 or TRF2 knockdown. The dot-blot was performed at least three times & the represented one is shown. Right, the histogram shows the quantitated results of the dot blots. The triple asterisks (***) indicates a p-value less than 0.01. ns. indicates the insignificance difference. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31595153), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb110-57130_rabbit-polyclonal-trf-2-antibody-31020241624913.jpg)
![Western Blot: TRF-2 Antibody - BSA Free [NB110-57130] - A. TRF2 or DSP1 pull down by telomere targeting CASID with the condition of MST-312 treatment (left) or hTERT knockdown (right) in MDA-MB-231cells. B. Southern blot of telomere DNA from MDA-MB-231cells treated with MST-312 or with hTERT knockdown. C. Top, Dot blot of telomere DNA repeats from the chromatin pull down by DSP from the cells treated by MST-312 (left) or hTERT knockdown (right). Alu DNA repeats serve as negative control. Bottom, the histogram shows the quantitated results of the dot blots. The triple asterisks (***) indicates a p-value less than 0.01. D. Fluorescence image of DSP-EGFP transfected MDA-MB-231 cells with the conditions of MST-312 treatment or hTERT knockdown. E. Pull down assay of DSP by CASID targeting telomere in WI38 cells with or without ectopically expression of hTERT gene. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31595153), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb110-57130_rabbit-polyclonal-trf-2-antibody-31020241624911.jpg)
![Western Blot: TRF-2 Antibody - BSA Free [NB110-57130] - Attenuation of bortezomib-induced shelterin protein dysregulation by hTERT over-expressionA. & B. Cells expressing ectopic hTERT were treated with bortezomib for 24 hours & mRNA levels of shelterin proteins then analyzed using qPCR. The levels of each target mRNA in bortezomib-treated cells were expressed as percentages of those in untreated cells. (A) HEL-hTERT cells & (B) BGC-823-hTERT cells. C. & D. Immunoblotting assessment of TRF1, TRF2 & POT1 protein expression in bortezomib-treated cells. Same sets of cells above were analyzed for TRF1, TRF2 & POT1 protein levels & shown was representative of three independent experiments. (C) HEL-hTERT cells & (D) BGC-823-hTERT cells.* & **: P < 0.05 & 0.01, respectively. BTZ, bortezomib. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//www.oncotarget.com/lookup/doi/10.18632/oncotarget.5752), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb110-57130_rabbit-polyclonal-trf-2-antibody-310202416235549.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: TRF-2 Antibody - BSA Free [NB110-57130] - RNaseH1 depletion leads to RPA activation at ALT telomeres.(a) HeLa & U2OS cells were transfected with the indicated siRNAs & 48 & 72 h later protein extracts were prepared. Western blot analysis was performed using antibodies against RNaseH1, RPA32 phosphorylated at Serine 33 (pSer33), total RPA32 & KAP1 (loading control). The asterisk indicates a cross-reacting band. Cells treated for 6 h with 5 mM hydroxyurea (HU) were used as controls for pSer33 activation. (b) SiRNA transfected cells were subjected to indirect immunofluorescence using antibodies against TRF2 (to visualize telomeres; red) & pSer33 (green). DNA was counterstained with DAPI (blue). Arrows point to examples of pSer33 foci co-localizing with TRF2 (TIFs). Scale bar, 9 μm. Cells treated for 6 h with 5 mM HU were used as controls for pSer33 activation. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25330849), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb110-57130_rabbit-polyclonal-trf-2-antibody-310202416235532.jpg)
![Western Blot: TRF-2 Antibody - BSA Free [NB110-57130] - TRF2 interacts with lamin A/C.(a) Pull down of endogenous TRF2 in IMR90s. The top panel shows a blot probed for endogenous lamin A/C, & the bottom panel shows a blot with the same samples probed for TRF2. (b) Pull down of endogenously expressed lamin A/C in IMR90s. The top panel shows a blot probed for endogenous TRF2, & the bottom panel shows a blot with the same samples probed for endogenous lamin A/C. (c) Pull down of endogenous lamin A/C in IMR90s exogenously expressing GFP, GFP-TRF2, GFP-TRF delta B delta M or GFP-TRF1. The top panel shows a blot probed for GFP, & the bottom panel shows the same blot probed for lamin A/C. (d) Pull down of endogenous TRF2 in IMR90s exogenously expressing GFP, GFP-LMNA or progerin (GFP-LMNA delta 50). The top panel shows a blot probed for GFP, & the bottom panel shows the same blot probed for TRF2. Asterisks denote IgG bands. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25399868), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb110-57130_rabbit-polyclonal-trf-2-antibody-31020241624921.jpg)
![Western Blot: TRF-2 Antibody - BSA Free [NB110-57130] - Widespread dysregulation of shelterin protein expression in bortezomib-treated HEL & BGC-823 cellsA. & B. mRNA levels of shelterin factors TRF1, TRF2, TPP1, POT1, RAP1 & TIN2 in bortezomib-treated cells. Cells were treated with bortezomib for 24 hours & qPCR was used for quantitative assays. The levels of each target mRNA in bortezomib-treated cells were expressed as percentages of those in untreated cells. (A) HEL cells & (B) BGC-823 cells. C. & D. Immunoblotting assessment of TRF1, TRF2 & POT1 protein expression in bortezomib-treated cells. Same sets of cells above were analyzed for TRF1, TRF2 & POT1 protein levels & shown was representative of three independent experiments. (C) HEL cells & (D) BGC-823 cells. * & **: P < 0.05 & 0.01, respectively. BTZ, bortezomib. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//www.oncotarget.com/lookup/doi/10.18632/oncotarget.5752), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb110-57130_rabbit-polyclonal-trf-2-antibody-310202416235531.jpg)
![Western Blot: TRF-2 Antibody - BSA Free [NB110-57130] - TRF2 interacts with lamin A/C.(a) Pull down of endogenous TRF2 in IMR90s. The top panel shows a blot probed for endogenous lamin A/C, & the bottom panel shows a blot with the same samples probed for TRF2. (b) Pull down of endogenously expressed lamin A/C in IMR90s. The top panel shows a blot probed for endogenous TRF2, & the bottom panel shows a blot with the same samples probed for endogenous lamin A/C. (c) Pull down of endogenous lamin A/C in IMR90s exogenously expressing GFP, GFP-TRF2, GFP-TRF delta B delta M or GFP-TRF1. The top panel shows a blot probed for GFP, & the bottom panel shows the same blot probed for lamin A/C. (d) Pull down of endogenous TRF2 in IMR90s exogenously expressing GFP, GFP-LMNA or progerin (GFP-LMNA delta 50). The top panel shows a blot probed for GFP, & the bottom panel shows the same blot probed for TRF2. Asterisks denote IgG bands. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25399868), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb110-57130_rabbit-polyclonal-trf-2-antibody-3102024162490.jpg)
![Western Blot: TRF-2 Antibody - BSA Free [NB110-57130] - TRF2 transcriptionally regulates p21 expression through promoter occupancy. (A) Quantitative ChIP using TRF2 antibody gives enriched binding of TRF2 on p21 promoter in HT1080 & MDA-MB-231 cells, IgG was used as isotypic antibody control; normalized with 10% input (data represented as mean ± SEM, for three replicates). (B,C) TRF2 represses p21 promoter activity. In luciferase assay, si-RNA-mediated silencing or TRF2 over expression resulted in increased (B, *p value < 0.05, Student’s t-test; data represented as mean ± SEM of three replicates) or reduction (C, *p value < 0.05, Student’s t-test; data represented as mean ± SEM of three replicates) in p21 promoter activity in HT1080 & MDA-MB-231 cells, respectively; over expression of TRF2 devoid of DNA binding [deletion of basic (delB), myb (delM) & both basic/myb (delB-delM) domains] resulted in partial or complete rescue of p21 promoter activity in HT1080 & MDA-MB-231 cells (data represented as mean ± SEM, for three replicates) (C). (D,E) HT1080 cells over expressing TRF2 show reduced p21 protein expression, bar graph shows the densitometry analysis of three different immunoblot replicates (*p value < 0.05, Student’s t-test; data represented as mean ± SEM of three replicates). (E) (Full images are shown in Supplementary Figure S5); TRF2 silencing results in increase in p21 protein, bar graph shows the densitometry analysis of three different immunoblots (*p value < 0.05, Student’s t-test; data represented as mean ± SEM of three replicates) (F); & mRNA expression in HT1080 cells (*p value < 0.05, Student’s t-test; data represented as mean ± SEM of three replicates, GAPDH used as internal control for real-time PCR). Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-11177-1), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb110-57130_rabbit-polyclonal-trf-2-antibody-310202416235546.jpg)
![Western Blot: TRF-2 Antibody - BSA Free [NB110-57130] - TRF2 transcriptionally regulates p21 expression through promoter occupancy. (A) Quantitative ChIP using TRF2 antibody gives enriched binding of TRF2 on p21 promoter in HT1080 & MDA-MB-231 cells, IgG was used as isotypic antibody control; normalized with 10% input (data represented as mean ± SEM, for three replicates). (B,C) TRF2 represses p21 promoter activity. In luciferase assay, si-RNA-mediated silencing or TRF2 over expression resulted in increased (B, *p value < 0.05, Student’s t-test; data represented as mean ± SEM of three replicates) or reduction (C, *p value < 0.05, Student’s t-test; data represented as mean ± SEM of three replicates) in p21 promoter activity in HT1080 & MDA-MB-231 cells, respectively; over expression of TRF2 devoid of DNA binding [deletion of basic (delB), myb (delM) & both basic/myb (delB-delM) domains] resulted in partial or complete rescue of p21 promoter activity in HT1080 & MDA-MB-231 cells (data represented as mean ± SEM, for three replicates) (C). (D,E) HT1080 cells over expressing TRF2 show reduced p21 protein expression, bar graph shows the densitometry analysis of three different immunoblot replicates (*p value < 0.05, Student’s t-test; data represented as mean ± SEM of three replicates). (E) (Full images are shown in Supplementary Figure S5); TRF2 silencing results in increase in p21 protein, bar graph shows the densitometry analysis of three different immunoblots (*p value < 0.05, Student’s t-test; data represented as mean ± SEM of three replicates) (F); & mRNA expression in HT1080 cells (*p value < 0.05, Student’s t-test; data represented as mean ± SEM of three replicates, GAPDH used as internal control for real-time PCR). Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-11177-1), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb110-57130_rabbit-polyclonal-trf-2-antibody-31020241624927.jpg)
![Western Blot: TRF-2 Antibody - BSA Free [NB110-57130] - Attenuation of bortezomib-induced shelterin protein dysregulation by hTERT over-expressionA. & B. Cells expressing ectopic hTERT were treated with bortezomib for 24 hours & mRNA levels of shelterin proteins then analyzed using qPCR. The levels of each target mRNA in bortezomib-treated cells were expressed as percentages of those in untreated cells. (A) HEL-hTERT cells & (B) BGC-823-hTERT cells. C. & D. Immunoblotting assessment of TRF1, TRF2 & POT1 protein expression in bortezomib-treated cells. Same sets of cells above were analyzed for TRF1, TRF2 & POT1 protein levels & shown was representative of three independent experiments. (C) HEL-hTERT cells & (D) BGC-823-hTERT cells.* & **: P < 0.05 & 0.01, respectively. BTZ, bortezomib. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//www.oncotarget.com/lookup/doi/10.18632/oncotarget.5752), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb110-57130_rabbit-polyclonal-trf-2-antibody-310202416235529.jpg)
![Simple Western: TLR9 Antibody (26C593.2) [NBP2-24729] - Lane view shows a specific band for TLR9 in 0.5 mg/ml of Ramos lysate. This experiment was performed under reducing conditions using the 66-440 kDa separation system. Image using the Azide Free format of this antibody.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/TLR9-Antibody-26C593-2-Simple-Western-NBP2-24729-img0029.jpg "Simple Western: TLR9 Antibody (26C593.2) [NBP2-24729] - Lane view shows a specific band for TLR9 in 0.5 mg/ml of Ramos lysate. This experiment was performed under reducing conditions using the 66-440 kDa separation system. Image using the Azide Free format of this antibody.")
![Flow Cytometry: TLR9 Antibody (26C593.2) [NBP2-24729] - Expression of TLR9 protein on epithelial cells. HNEC, Detroit-562 and FaDu were stained intracellularly with PE-Ab against TLR9 (open histograms) or appropriate isotype control (shaded histograms) and analyzed by flow cytometry. Representative pictures from one out of three independent experiments are shown. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0098239), licensed under a CC-BY license.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/TLR9-Antibody-26C593-2-Flow-Cytometry-NBP2-24729-img0025.jpg)
![<b>Genetic Strategies Validation. </b>Western Blot: TLR9 Antibody (26C593.2) [NBP2-24729] - Expression of TLR-9 protein in HB cells before and after 48 hr of transfection. Beta-actin was used as an internal control. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0092748) licensed under a CC-BY license.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/TLR9-Antibody-26C593-2-Knockdown-Validated-NBP2-24729-img0031.jpg)
![Flow Cytometry: TLR9 Antibody (26C593.2) [NBP2-24729] - Analysis of colonic LP or peritoneal cavity (PerC) of normal mice were evaluated by flow cytometry. B cells were intracellularly stained with the anti-TLR9 antibody after the cell surface staining with anti-B220 and CD5 antibodies, and examined using flow cytometry. N = 3, performed twice. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0146191) licensed under a CC-BY license.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/TLR9-Antibody-26C593-2-Flow-Cytometry-NBP2-24729-img0027.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: TLR9 Antibody (26C593.2) [NBP2-24729] - Cbl-b is required for the endocytic transit of TLR9. Representative confocal microscopic images of splenocytes from mice with indicated genotypes. For experiments, cells were stimulated through the BCR (green) for 30 minutes then fixed and stained for TLR9 (blue) and Lamp-1 (red)(n = 3). Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0089792) licensed under a CC-BY license.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/TLR9-Antibody-26C593-2-Immunocytochemistry-Immunofluorescence-NBP2-24729-img0032.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: TLR9 Antibody (26C593.2) [NBP2-24729] - Monkey retina tissue. Image from verified customer review.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/TLR9-Antibody-26C593-2-Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin-NBP2-24729-img0023.jpg)
![Flow Cytometry: TLR9 Antibody (26C593.2) [NBP2-24729] - Gating strategy for the detection of TLR-7 and -9 in B cell subsets. PBMC were isolated from whole blood and stained for surface markers before cells were fixed, permeabilised and stained for TLR-9. FSC and SSC were first used to gate out debris and SSC-A and SSC-H was utilized to eliminate duplicates. Further gating was done on CD45 and CD19, to target B cells. To separate between the different B cell populations, we gated on CD27 and IgD (D), followed by TLR-9 expression on these subsets. Data from one representative patient is shown. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0120383) licensed under a CC-BY license.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/TLR9-Antibody-26C593-2-Flow-Cytometry-NBP2-24729-img0028.jpg)
![Western Blot: TLR9 Antibody (26C593.2) [NBP2-24729] - Analysis of TLR9 in A) human PBMC, B) human intestine, C) mouse intestine, and D) rat intestine tissue lysates using this antibody at a dilution of 3 ug/ml.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/TLR9-Antibody-26C593-2-Western-Blot-NBP2-24729-img0033.jpg)
![Flow Cytometry: TLR9 Antibody (26C593.2) [NBP2-24729] - Expression of TLR9 on turbinate epithelial cells from healthy controls compared to turbinate and polyp epithelial cells from patients with CRSwNP, n = 5 (A). Intracellular staining for TLR9 (open histogram, black line) and isotype control (filled histogram) on turbinate epithelial cells from a healthy control (B), turbinate epithelial cells (C) and polyp epithelial cells from a patient (D), analysed using flow cytometry. Results are presented as mean +/- SEM, **P<0.01. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0105618) licensed under a CC-BY license.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/TLR9-Antibody-26C593-2-Flow-Cytometry-NBP2-24729-img0030.jpg)
![Western Blot: CHREBP Antibody - BSA Free [NB400-135] - CHREBP Antibody [NB400-135] - Mouse liver tissue lysate, 10 ug total protein per lane, probed with CHREBP antibody. Specific bands at ~150 kDa (some wells as doublets). Weaker bands at ~45 kDa, very faint bands at ~100 kDa. These bands were absent after exposure to ChREBP blocking peptide, although some faint non-specific banding remained at ~90, ~60, and ~40 kDa. WB image submitted by a verified customer review.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/CHREBP-Antibody---BSA-Free-Western-Blot-NB400-135-img0023.jpg "Western Blot: CHREBP Antibody - BSA Free [NB400-135] - CHREBP Antibody [NB400-135] - Mouse liver tissue lysate, 10 ug total protein per lane, probed with CHREBP antibody. Specific bands at ~150 kDa (some wells as doublets). Weaker bands at ~45 kDa, very faint bands at ~100 kDa. These bands were absent after exposure to ChREBP blocking peptide, although some faint non-specific banding remained at ~90, ~60, and ~40 kDa. WB image submitted by a verified customer review.")
![Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: CHREBP Antibody - BSA Free [NB400-135] - CHREBP Antibody [NB400-135] - RetSat depletion prevents the glucose-induced nuclear accumulation of ChREBP independent of 13,14-dihydroretinol generation. Hepatocytes were treated with Control or RetSat siRNA overnight. The next morning, cells were incubated with vehicle (DMSO) or 1 uM 13,14-dhretinol for 24 h at the indicated glucose concentrations and mRNA expression of Txnip determined by qPCR. Data are shown as mean +/- s.d., n = 4. Two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post test revealed significances between low and high glucose (#P < 0.05) and between siControl and siRetSat (*P < 0.05), treatment with 13,14-dhretinol had no effect. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//www.nature.com/articles/s41467-017-00430-w), licensed under a CC-BY license.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/CHREBP-Antibody---BSA-Free-Immunocytochemistry-Immunofluorescence-NB400-135-img0021.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: CHREBP Antibody - BSA Free [NB400-135] - CHREBP Antibody [NB400-135] - Staining of human colon, epithelium at a 40X magnification.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/CHREBP-Antibody---BSA-Free-Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin-NB400-135-img0016.jpg)
![Chromatin Immunoprecipitation: CHREBP Antibody - BSA Free [NB400-135] - CHREBP Antibody [NB400-135] - Effects of glucose on ChREBP binding.HepG2 cells were treated with low (2.7 mM) and high (25 mM) glucose for 8 h. Chromatin was isolated and fragmented, and ChIP was performed with control IgG or anti-ChREBP antibody. Validated primers for each gene were used for quantitative real-time PCR. The data presented as fold increase for the signal from anti-ChREBP relative to control IgG. The negative control, Cyclo, showed no enrichment (data not shown). Values represent the mean +/- S.D. of three independent samples. *p<0.005 vs. IgG, #p<0.0001 vs. 2.7 mM glucose with anti-ChREBP. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0022544), licensed under a CC-BY license.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/CHREBP-Antibody---BSA-Free-Chromatin-Immunoprecipitation-NB400-135-img0018.jpg)
![Western Blot: CHREBP Antibody - BSA Free [NB400-135] - CHREBP Antibody [NB400-135] - Detection of ChREBP in 20 ug of human hepatocyte lysate using NB400-135. 5-10 second film exposure.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/CHREBP-Antibody---BSA-Free-Western-Blot-NB400-135-img0007.jpg)
![Western Blot: CHREBP Antibody - BSA Free [NB400-135] - CHREBP Antibody [NB400-135] - Detection of ChREBP in liver nuclear extracts from well-fed rats. 7% SDS-PAGE gel, 1:1000 dilution of NB400-135. Photo courtesy of Dr. Uyeda, UT Southwestern University.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/CHREBP-Antibody---BSA-Free-Western-Blot-NB400-135-img0010.jpg)
![Western Blot: CHREBP Antibody - BSA Free [NB400-135] - CHREBP Antibody [NB400-135] - RetSat depletion in mouse liver reduces protein levels and target gene expression of ChREBP. RetSat and ChREBP protein expression by immunoblotting. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//www.nature.com/articles/s41467-017-00430-w), licensed under a CC-BY license.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/CHREBP-Antibody---BSA-Free-Western-Blot-NB400-135-img0019.jpg)
![Western Blot: CHREBP Antibody - BSA Free [NB400-135] - CHREBP Antibody [NB400-135] - Protein expression levels of carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP), in livers of rats receiving normal water (CON), a 13% (w/v) glucose solution (GLU), a 13% (w/v) fructose solution (FRUC), or a 0.4% (w/v) aspartame solution (n = 6 per diet group). All data were normalized to beta-actin expression levels and are expressed relative to the controls (CON). Data are expressed as means +/- SEM. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 vs. CON; +p < 0.05, ++p < 0.01, +++p < 0.001 vs. ASP; p < 0.01, p < 0.001 vs. GLU. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/9/5/476), licensed under a CC-BY license.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/CHREBP-Antibody---BSA-Free-Western-Blot-NB400-135-img0020.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: CHREBP Antibody - BSA Free [NB400-135] - CHREBP Antibody [NB400-135] - HeLa cells were fixed for 10 minutes using 10% formalin and permeabilized for 5 minutes using 1X TBS + 0.5% Triton X-100. The cells were incubated with anti-ChREBP (NB400-135) at a 1:200 dilution overnight at 4C and detected with an anti-rabbit DyLight 488 (Green) at a 1:500 dilution. Alpha tubulin was used as a co-stained at 1:1000 and detected with an anti-mouse DyLight 550 (Red) at a 1:500. Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (Blue). Cells were imaged using a 40X objective.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/CHREBP-Antibody---BSA-Free-Immunocytochemistry-Immunofluorescence-NB400-135-img0017.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry: CHREBP Antibody - BSA Free [NB400-135] - CHREBP Antibody [NB400-135] - Analysis of CHREBP in mouse liver using DAB with hematoxylin counterstain.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/CHREBP-Antibody---BSA-Free-Immunohistochemistry-NB400-135-img0013.jpg)
![<b>Genetic Strategies Validation. </b>Western Blot: CHREBP Antibody - BSA Free [NB400-135] - Immunoblot analysis of ChREBP in liver lysates of control and L-Chrebp -/- mice. Aliquots (60 ug of protein) of liver whole-cell lysates were subjected to SDS-PAGE and immunoblot analysis with anti-ChREBP and anti-calnexin antibodies. ChREBP delta denotes a truncated aberrant ChREBP protein present only in lysates prepared from L-Chrebp -/- livers. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29335275/) licensed under a CC-BY license.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/CHREBP Antibody - BSA Free-Knockout Validated-NB400-135-img0024.jpg)
![Western Blot: CHREBP Antibody - BSA Free [NB400-135] - Raffinose stimulates transcription of genes involved in epidermal barrier function in HaCaT cells.(a & b) HaCaT cells were treated with vehicle, 1 μM or 10 μM raffinose (Raf), or 1 μM TO901317 (T17) for 24 h. Expressions of transcripts (a) & proteins (b) were analyzed by qRT-PCR or western blotting, respectively. FLG; filaggrin. IVL; involucrin, LOR; loricrin, AQP3; aquaporin3. (c) HaCaT cells were transfected with siGFP control, siLXR alpha , or siLXR beta , & then treated with 1 μM raffinose for 24 h. Expression of proteins was analyzed by western blotting. The original blots are shown in Supplementary Fig. S9. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28266648), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb400-135_rabbit-polyclonal-chrebp-antibody-310202415291928.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: CHREBP Antibody - BSA Free [NB400-135] - Impaired hepatic SIRT1-FoxO signaling in L-G6pc-/- mice.(A) Western blots & densitometry analysis (n = 5), & quantification of mRNA for hepatic SIRT1 & FoxO3a (n = 8). (B) Hepatic NAD+ levels (n = 9). (C) Western blots & densitometry analysis of PPAR-gamma , PPAR-alpha & beta -actin (n = 5). (D) Immunohistochemical analysis of hepatic ChREBP & quantification of nuclear ChREBP-translocated cells (n = 4). Scale bar, 25 μm. (E) Quantification of mRNA for hepatic Acaca, Fasn & Elovl6 by real-time RT-PCR (n = 6). (F) Western blots of acetylated & total FoxO3a after immunoprecipitation of nuclear extracts using anti-FoxO3a, & quantification of the acetylated FoxO3a/total FoxO3a (n = 5). Data represent the mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.005. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28558013), licensed under a CC0-1.0 license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb400-135_rabbit-polyclonal-chrebp-antibody-310202415171345.jpg)
![Western Blot: CHREBP Antibody - BSA Free [NB400-135] - Expressing recombinant ChREBP beta in Rictor-deficient adipocytes rescues expression of DNL enzymes.Western blot of indicated proteins in differentiated adipocytes with or without Rictor deletion transfected with various rescue constructs that were stably expressed in cells before differentiation. ‘*' indicates ChREBP beta based on molecular weight. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//www.nature.com/articles/ncomms11365), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb400-135_rabbit-polyclonal-chrebp-antibody-310202415171318.jpg)
![Western Blot: CHREBP Antibody - BSA Free [NB400-135] - Hepatic expression of mRNAs encoding carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP) (a), liver pyruvate kinase (LPK) (c), & microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP) (d), & nuclear ChREBP protein (b) in water-control, 10% fructose solution-control, & fructose pair-fed oleanolic acid- (OA-) treated rats at week 10. Animals were administered with OA (25 mg/kg/day) or vehicle (OA: 0 mg/kg, 5% Gum Arabic) by oral gavage daily for 10 weeks. mRNA was determined by real-time PCR. Protein expression was determined by Western blot. Data are means ± SEM (n = 6 each group). *P < 0.05. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23737835), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb400-135_rabbit-polyclonal-chrebp-antibody-31020241529337.jpg)
![Western Blot: CHREBP Antibody - BSA Free [NB400-135] - LXR mediate the induction of lipogenesis induced by an oleic acid-rich diet.(A) Hepatic Acly, Acaca, Acacb, Fasn, Elovl6, Scd1 mRNA levels quantified by qPCR. (B) Cytoplasmic protein expression levels of P-ACLY, ACLY, ACC, ELOVL6, SCD1, FASN & beta -ACTIN assayed by Western Blotting. (C) Fads1, Fads2, Elovl5, Gpat, Pnpla3 & Lpk mRNA quantification assayed by qPCR. (D) Srebp-1c & Chrebp mRNA quantification assayed by qPCR. (E) Cytoplasmic & nuclear expression levels of LXR, SREBP-1c & ChREBP assayed by Western Blotting. Data are the mean±SEM of values measured in LXR+/+ & LXR-/- mice fed REF or OLIV diet. a Significant genotype effect. b Significant difference versus REF diet (n = 6 mice per group). Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28732092), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb400-135_rabbit-polyclonal-chrebp-antibody-31020241534316.jpg)
![Western Blot: CHREBP Antibody - BSA Free [NB400-135] - Analysis of protein levels in livers transfected with GK & GKA456V. Livers excised from mice in postabsorptive state were homogenized & resolved by Western blot. (a, b) Representative blots from three independent experiments. The densitometric analysis is presented (N = 4, *P < 0.05 versus pControl, ***P < 0.001 versus pGKA456V). (c) Liver sections of 5-hour fasted mice injected with pControl, pGK, or pGKA456V were immunostained with Glc6Pase antibody. TO-PRO-3 was used to visualize nuclei. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22194744), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb400-135_rabbit-polyclonal-chrebp-antibody-310202415371929.jpg)
![Western Blot: CHREBP Antibody - BSA Free [NB400-135] - ChREBP knockdown inhibited glycolysis, lipogenesis & p21 in HT29 cells. (A) Inhibited relative mRNA expression of ChREBP alpha & ChREBP beta normalized to B2M after control or ChREBP siRNA transfection for 48 hours. (B) Western-blot of ChREBP, phospho-p53 & p21 & their quantification on the right. beta -actin was served as a loading control. Proteins were extracted from cells transfected with sicontrol & siChREBP after 48 hours. The quantification of western blot was normalized to beta -actin. (C) Decreased relative mRNA expression of glycolytic & lipogenic genes, normalized to B2M. (D) Relative mRNA expression of p53 & p21, normalized to B2M. (E) Relative mRNA expression of cell Cyclins, normalized to B2M. n = 4. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32144313), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb400-135_rabbit-polyclonal-chrebp-antibody-31020241528455.jpg)
![Western Blot: CHREBP Antibody - BSA Free [NB400-135] - Ligand-activated LXR reduces ChREBP binding to chromatin. (A). Left panels: Local pattern of LXR-ChREBP co-occupancy. Browser view of LXR & ChREBP tracks in the promoter region of Lpk (Pklr), Txnip, Fasn & Scd1. Square brackets indicate the scale maxima of ChIP/input ratios. Arrows indicate the genomic locations of quantitative RT-PCR primers. Right panel: AML12 cells transfected with ChREBP alpha /Mlx gamma & LXR alpha /RXR alpha were treated with DMSO (0.1%) or GW3965 (10 µM) for 18 h. ChREBP or LXR binding to genomic location indicated in the right panels were detected by ChIP using antibodies against ChREBP, LXR or IgG as negative control. Data are presented as mean ± SEM (n = 3–5). Significant differences are shown as * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 compared to ChIP-IgG & #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01, ###p < 0.001 between DMSO & GW3965 groups. ns, not significant. (B). CoIP of LXR alpha & ChREBP alpha , expressed in COS-1 cells cultured in 25 mM glucose, treated with DMSO (0.1%) or GW3965 (1 µM) for 18 h. Lysates were immunoprecipitated with ChREBP antibody (n = 3). Input & immunoprecipitated proteins were immunoblotted with ChREBP or LXR alpha antibodies. One representative western blot is shown. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32414201), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb400-135_rabbit-polyclonal-chrebp-antibody-310202416171431.jpg)
![Western Blot: CHREBP Antibody - BSA Free [NB400-135] - Induction of hepatic Srebp-1 & carbohydrate response element-binding protein (Chrebp) beta expression by dietary glucose is reduced in LXR alpha −/− mice. (A) Hepatic gene expression of Lxr alpha / beta , Srebp-1, & Chrebp alpha / beta was analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR & normalized to Tbp; (B) Cytosolic & nuclear lysates were immunoblotted with antibodies against LXR, SREBP-1, & ChREBP with alpha -Tubulin & Lamin A as loading controls. Each lane represents independent mice from each group. One representative western blot is shown (n = 3). Data represent the mean ± SEM (n = 5). Significant differences were found using two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test (fasted vs. fructose fed & fasted vs. glucose fed RNA data were analyzed separately). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 compared to fasted. #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01, ###p < 0.001 compared to LXR alpha +/+ mice. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/9/7/678), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb400-135_rabbit-polyclonal-chrebp-antibody-3102024161891.jpg)
![Western Blot: CHREBP Antibody - BSA Free [NB400-135] - Decreased glucose uptake & Chrebp beta -driven DNL is a primary consequence of Rictor loss in adipocytes.(a) Western blots of indicated proteins at different days of differentiation using Rictor iKO primary adipocytes (described in Methods). (b) Oil Red O staining of differentiated adipocytes. (c) The relative mRNA level of ChREBP beta in differentiated cells at various time points. n=3. (d) 2-DG uptake in differentiated adipocytes without or with insulin stimulation. n=3. (e) The C14-glucose-derived FA in differentiated adipocytes. n=3. (f) The C14-glucose derived triglyceride (TAG) in differentiated adipocytes. n=3. (g) Relative glut4 expression in differentiated cells at various time points. n=3. (h) Relative glut4 expression in sWAT. n=8. (i) Glycerol release in differentiated adipocytes under basal & isoproterenol (Iso) stimulation. n=4. (j) Glycerol release in ex vivo pgWAT under basal & isoproterenol stimulation. n=6. Data were analysed by Student's t-test. Values are expressed as mean+s.e.m. *P<0.05; **P<0.01; ***P<0.001. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//www.nature.com/articles/ncomms11365), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb400-135_rabbit-polyclonal-chrebp-antibody-310202416163714.jpg)
![Western Blot: CHREBP Antibody - BSA Free [NB400-135] - RetSat controls ChREBP activity & glucose sensing in primary hepatocytes. Primary mouse hepatocytes were treated with Control or RetSat siRNA for 48 h, (a, left) ChREBP mRNA expression determined by qPCR, & RetSat & ChREBP protein levels determined by immunoblotting (a, right). left, Data are shown as mean ± 11s.d., n = 3 independent transfections of hepatocyte cultures from the same mouse. Two independent experiments yielded similar results. b Hepatocytes were treated as described in a & mRNA expression of a selection of known ChREBP target genes visualized in a heatmap. c Primary hepatocytes were depleted of RetSat using two siRNA’s targeting different sites of the RetSat transcript for 48 h, & expression of the indicated genes analyzed by qPCR. Data are shown as mean ± s.d., n = 6 independent transfections of hepatocyte cultures from two different mice; *P < 0.05 between siControl und siRetSat by one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post test. An independent experiment yielded similar results. d Hepatocytes treated with Control or RetSat siRNA were transfected with a ChoRE-Luc reporter, exposed to low & high glucose concentrations as indicated, & analyzed for luciferase activity. e Hepatocytes treated with Control or RetSat siRNA were exposed to low & high glucose concentrations as indicated, & mRNA expression determined by qPCR. In d, e, data are shown as mean ± s.d., n = 6 independent transfections of hepatocyte cultures from two mice; two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post test revealed significances between low & high glucose concentrations (#P < 0.05) & between siControl & siRetSat (*P < 0.05). An independent experiment yielded similar results Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//www.nature.com/articles/s41467-017-00430-w), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb400-135_rabbit-polyclonal-chrebp-antibody-310202416165648.jpg)
![Western Blot: CHREBP Antibody - BSA Free [NB400-135] - LXR alpha & ChREBP alpha interact via key activation domains. (A). Top panel: Schematic representation of the ChREBP alpha full-length (FL), ChREBP beta & the low glucose inhibitory domain (LID) protein. Bottom panel: CoIP of LXR alpha & ChREBP alpha , ChREBP beta or LID, expressed in COS-1 cells cultured in 25 mM glucose. The ChREBP expression plasmids were transfected with a DNA ratio of ChREBP alpha :ChREBP beta :LID = 1:6:1, to obtain comparable protein levels. Lysates were immunoprecipitated with ChREBP, FLAG (for LID) or LXR alpha antibodies & input & immunoprecipitated proteins immunoblotted with the same antibodies (n = 3). One representative western blot is shown. LID, low-glucose inhibitory domain; GRACE, glucose-response activation conserved element; bHLH, basic helix-loop-helix domain: ZIP, leucine zipper. (B). Top panel: Schematic representation of the LXR alpha FL & truncations. Bottom panel: CoIP of ChREBP alpha & LXR alpha FL or truncations expressed in COS-1 cells cultured in 25 mM glucose. Lysates were immunoprecipitated with ChREBP antibody (n = 3). Input & immunoprecipitated proteins were immunoblotted with ChREBP or FLAG (for LXR alpha FL & truncations) antibodies. One representative western blot is shown. NTD, N-terminal domain; DBD, DNA-binding domain; LBD, ligand-binding domain. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32414201), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb400-135_rabbit-polyclonal-chrebp-antibody-310202416175271.jpg)
![Western Blot: CHREBP Antibody - BSA Free [NB400-135] - FXR inhibits glucose-induced proglucagon expression(a) Proglucagon qPCR on cDNA from GLUTag cells starved for 12h with lactate (10 mmol L−1) & then incubated for 24h in lactate (10 mmol L−1), glucose (5.6 mmol L−1) or 2-deoxyglucose (5.6 mmol L−1) media containing DMSO, GW4064 (5 μmol L−1) or CDCA (100 μmol L−1) (n=3; performed 3 times). Data are represented as mean +/− SD. Two-Way ANOVA analysis followed by Bonferronni’s posthoc test. ***P≤0.001: effect of GW4064 & CDCA on proglucagon mRNA levels in each medium conditions. §§§P≤0.001: effect of glucose on proglucagon mRNA levels in DMSO, GW4064 & CDCA conditions. (b) Chrebp qPCR on cDNA from FACS-sorted proglucagon-negative & proglucagon-positive cells from the ileum (ileum L−; ileum L+) & colon (colon L−; colon L+) of GLU-VENUS mice (lower panel; n=3) & ChREBP protein expression from cytoplasm & nucleus extract from GLUTag cells (upper panel; performed 3 times). Data are represented as mean +/− SD. Student t-test. *P≤0.05 & **P≤0.01 (c) ChREBP & FXR western-blots after FXR immunoprecipitation on lysates from cytoplasm & nucleus of GLUTag cells treated or not with GW4064 (5 μmol L-1) in presence or not of glucose (5.6 mmol L−1) (performed 2 times). (d) Proglucagon qPCR on cDNA from GLUTag cells electroporated with a siCtrl or siChrebp, starved for 12h with lactate (10 mmol L−1) & then incubated for 24h in lactate 10 mmol L−1 (Glc −) or glucose 5.6 mmol L−1 (Glc +) media supplemented with DMSO or GW4064 (5 μmol L−1) (n=3; performed 3 times). Data are represented as mean +/− SD. Two-Way ANOVA analysis followed by Bonferronni’s posthoc test. *P≤0.05 & **P≤0.01: effect of treatments on each transfection condition. §§§P≤0.001: effect of siChrebp in each treatment condition. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//www.nature.com/articles/ncomms8629), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb400-135_rabbit-polyclonal-chrebp-antibody-31020241616057.jpg)
![Western Blot: CHREBP Antibody - BSA Free [NB400-135] - Dietary fructose induces nuclear O-GlcNAc signaling. (A) Simplified schematic overview of the hexosamine signaling pathway including the rate limiting enzyme GFAT & O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT); (B) High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of hepatic UDP-GlcNAc levels. Left panel: Example of a typical running profile w/ or w/out injection of UDP-GlcNAc standard (Std.) is shown. Right panel: Quantification of the HPLC data normalized to protein concentration; (C) Hepatic expression of the Ogt gene & cytosolic & nuclear OGT protein analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR & western blotting/Image J & normalized to Tbp, alpha -tubulin, & Lamin A, respectively. Data represent the mean ± SEM (n = 5); (D) Cytosolic & nuclear lysates immunoblotted w/ anti-O-GlcNAc antibody (RL2) w/ alpha -Tubulin & Lamin A as loading controls. Each lane represents independent mice from each group. One representative western blot is shown (n = 2); (E) Nuclear lysates subjected to wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) beads to precipitate O-GlcNAcylated proteins. WGA enriched samples (upper panel) & input lysates (bottom panel) immunoblotted w/ antibodies detecting O-GlcNAcylated proteins (RL2), LXR & ChREBP. Each lane represents independent mice from experimental groups. Representative western blots are shown (n = 2); (F) ChREBP binding to carbohydrate response element (ChoRE) containing region of the L-pk promoter & negative control sequence (NC) 2216–2288 bp into L-pk gene after ChoRE sequence detected by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) using antibodies against ChREBP or IgG as a control. Data represent the mean ± SEM (n = 5). Significant differences found using two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test. ** p < 0.01 compared to fasted. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/9/7/678), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb400-135_rabbit-polyclonal-chrebp-antibody-310202416171465.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: CHREBP Antibody - BSA Free [NB400-135] - Correction of hepatic G6Pase-alpha deficiency normalizes autophagy.L-G6pc-/- mice were treated with 1 x 1012 vp/kg of rAAV-G6PC at 4 WP & analyzed at 12 WP. (A) Hepatic G6Pase-alpha activity in control (n = 7), L-G6pc-/- (n = 7), & rAAV-treated L-G6pc-/- (AAV/ L-G6pc-/-, n = 8) mice. (B) Liver weights in control (n = 10), L-G6pc-/- (n = 5), & AAV/ L-G6pc-/- (n = 8) mice. (C) The levels of hepatic metabolites in control, L-G6pc-/- & AAV/ L-G6pc-/- (n = 8) mice. (D) Fasting glucose test (FGT) profile of control (n = 13), L-G6pc-/- (n = 6) & AAV/ L-G6pc-/- (n = 8) mice. (E) Western blots of hepatic SIRT1, FoxO3a, LC3B, p62 & beta -actin & densitometry analysis (n = 8). (F) Hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) stained liver sections, & immunohistochemical analysis of hepatic ChREBP & quantification of nuclear ChREBP-translocated cells in control, L-G6pc-/-, & rAAV-treated L-G6pc-/- (AAV/ L-G6pc-/-) mice (n = 4). The insets present higher magnification views. Scale bar, 25 μm. Data represent the mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.005. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28558013), licensed under a CC0-1.0 license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb400-135_rabbit-polyclonal-chrebp-antibody-310202416175247.jpg)
![Western Blot: CHREBP Antibody - BSA Free [NB400-135] - Phf2 expression is increased in the liver of obese patients with benign hepatic steatosis & positively correlates with insulin sensitivity. Human liver biopsies from lean subjects with no fatty liver (NoFL) or obese patients with simple steatosis or NASH were obtained from the ABOS cohort. a Representative Western blot analysis of Phf2, ChREBP, SCD1, Nrf2, Gpx4, & alpha -SMA expression (n = 10 per group). b ChIP experiments for H3K9me2 levels & for the recruitment of ChREBP & the RNA polII at the SCD1 & Nrf2 promoter (n = 10 per group). c MUFA/SFA ratio reflecting SCD1 activity (n = 10 per group). d Expression of Nrf2 & Nrf2-regulated genes (n = 10 per group). e Levels of carbonylated proteins (n = 10 per group). f Expression of coll-Ia1, alpha -SMA, & TIMP-1 (n = 10 per group). All error bars represent mean ± SEM. Statistical analyses were made using Anova, followed by Bonferonni’s test. *Obese with steatosis compared to lean with noFL; P < 0.01. **Obese with steatosis compared to obese with NASH; P < 0.05 Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-04361-y), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb400-135_rabbit-polyclonal-chrebp-antibody-310202416163772.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: 53BP1 Antibody [NB100-305] - NIH3T3 cells were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 10 minutes and permeabilized in 0.5% Triton X-100 in PBS for 5 minutes. The cells were incubated with anti- NB100-305 at 2 ug/mL overnight at 4C and detected with an anti-rabbit DyLight 488 (Green) at a 1:1000 dilution for 60 minutes. Alpha tubulin (DM1A) NB100-690 was used as a co-stain at a 1:1000 dilution and detected with an anti-mouse DyLight 550 (Red) at a 1:1000 dilution. Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (Blue). Cells were imaged using a 100X objective and digitally deconvolved.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/53BP1-Antibody-Immunocytochemistry-Immunofluorescence-NB100-305-img0010.jpg "Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: 53BP1 Antibody [NB100-305] - NIH3T3 cells were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 10 minutes and permeabilized in 0.5% Triton X-100 in PBS for 5 minutes. The cells were incubated with anti- NB100-305 at 2 ug/mL overnight at 4C and detected with an anti-rabbit DyLight 488 (Green) at a 1:1000 dilution for 60 minutes. Alpha tubulin (DM1A) NB100-690 was used as a co-stain at a 1:1000 dilution and detected with an anti-mouse DyLight 550 (Red) at a 1:1000 dilution. Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (Blue). Cells were imaged using a 100X objective and digitally deconvolved.")
![<b>Genetic Strategies Validation. </b>Western Blot: 53BP1 Antibody [NB100-305] - Western blot showing an efficient siRNA-mediated knockdown of the indicated individual or combined proteins. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//www.oncotarget.com/lookup/doi/10.18632/oncotarget.11023) licensed under a CC-BY license.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/53BP1-Antibody-Knockdown-Validated-NB100-305-img0013.jpg)
![<b>Biological Strategies Validation. </b>Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: 53BP1 Antibody - BSA Free [NB100-305] - 53BP1 Antibody [NB100-305] - Exosomes modulate the repair of DNA DSBs in irradiated recipient cells. Representative images of 53BP1 foci in BHY cells 6 hours after 2 Gy and transfer of BHY exosomes isolated 24 hours after irradiation with 0, 3, 6 or 9 Gy (53BP1 foci green, nuclei blue). Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0152213), licensed under a CC-BY license.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/53BP1-Antibody-Immunocytochemistry-Immunofluorescence-NB100-305-img0008.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry: 53BP1 Antibody [NB100-305] - Immunohistochemical staining of placental villi with 53BP1 Antibody (Catalog #NB100-305) at 40X magnification.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/53BP1-Antibody-Immunohistochemistry-NB100-305-img0005.jpg)
![Western Blot: 53BP1 Antibody [NB100-305] - Western blot of whole cell lysate (20 ug/lane) from U2Os cells resolved on a 3 to 8 percent trisacetate gel. A band appears at approximately the theoretical molecular weight of 214 kDa.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/53BP1-Antibody-Western-Blot-NB100-305-img0004.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: 53BP1 Antibody [NB100-305] - HCC1937 cells (human) were treated with PARPi for 96 h. Nuclei are stained in blue (DAPI) and 53BP1 antibody (foci in green). ICC/IF image submitted by a verified customer review.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/53BP1-Antibody-Immunocytochemistry-Immunofluorescence-NB100-305-img0012.jpg)
![Flow Cytometry: 53BP1 Antibody [NB100-305] - An intracellular stain was performed on Ntera2 cells with 53BP1 Antibody NB100-305 (blue) and a matched isotype control NBP2-24891 (orange). Cells were fixed with 4% PFA and then permeabilized with 0.1% saponin. Cells were incubated in an antibody dilution of 1.0 ug/mL for 30 minutes at room temperature, followed by Rabbit IgG (H+L) Cross-Adsorbed Secondary Antibody, Dylight 550 (SA5-10033, Thermo Fisher).](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/53BP1-Antibody-Flow-Cytometry-NB100-305-img0011.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: 53BP1 Antibody [NB100-305] - Paraformaldehyde (4%) fixed Saos-2 cells (human osteosarcoma cell line) were stained with anti-53BP1 antibody followed by Alexa Fluor 488 secondary antibody. ICC/IF image submitted by a verified customer review.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/53BP1-Antibody-Immunocytochemistry-Immunofluorescence-NB100-305-img0007.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: 53BP1 Antibody [NB100-305] - Ntera2 cells were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 10 minutes and permeabilized in 0.5% Triton X-100 in PBS for 5 minutes. The cells were incubated with anti- NB100-305 at 2 ug/mL overnight at 4C and detected with an anti-rabbit DyLight 488 (Green) at a 1:1000 dilution for 60 minutes. Alpha tubulin (DM1A) NB100-690 was used as a co-stain at a 1:1000 dilution and detected with an anti-mouse DyLight 550 (Red) at a 1:1000 dilution. Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (Blue). Cells were imaged using a 100X objective and digitally deconvolved.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/53BP1-Antibody-Immunocytochemistry-Immunofluorescence-NB100-305-img0009.jpg)
![Flow Cytometry: 53BP1 Antibody [NB100-305] - An intracellular stain was performed on HeLa cells with 53BP1 Antibody (Catalog #NB100-305AF488) (blue) and a matched isotype control (orange). Cells were fixed with 4% PFA and then permeabilized with 0.1% saponin. Cells were incubated in an antibody dilution of 5 ug/mL for 30 minutes at room temperature. Both antibodies were conjugated to Alexa Fluor 488.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/53BP1-Antibody-Flow-Cytometry-NB100-305-img0006.jpg)
![Western Blot: 53BP1 Antibody - BSA Free [NB100-305] - DNA damage & DNA damage responses upon H2O2 challenge. a, c, e, g Confocal images showing the basal region of the organ of Corti cultures treated with either culture medium alone (a, e) or containing 0.5 mM H2O2 (c, g) for 5 h before being maintained in culture medium alone for 3 days. The samples were then immunolabeled for myosin 7A (red, a, c, e, g), gamma H2AX (green, a & c) & 53BP1 (green, e & g). Scale bars: a, c, e & g = 10 μm. b, d, f, h Higher magnification images of representative OHC & IHC nuclei from all conditions tested. Scale bar = 2.5 μm. i Representative Western blot analysis using antibodies against gamma H2AX, 53BP1, DDB2, p-Chk1, p-Chk2, p53, & beta -actin in whole cochlear extracts. j, k Histograms representing the levels of gamma H2AX, 53BP1, DDB2, p-Chk1, p-Chk2, & p53 in control & in 0.4 & 0.5 mM H2O2-exposed groups (n = 6 cochleae per condition). beta -Actin served as a loading control. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. One-way ANOVA test followed by post hoc Tukey’s test (*P ≤ 0.04, **P ≤ 0.01, ***P ≤ 0.001 vs. H2O2 0 mM). All experiments were performed in triplicate Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30693443), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-305_rabbit-polyclonal-53bp1-antibody-310202415532062.jpg)
![Western Blot: 53BP1 Antibody - BSA Free [NB100-305] - Assessment of satellite cell radiosensitivity & DNA repair pathways w/ age.(A–B) Expression of major proteins involved in homologous recombination & non-homologous end joining detected using WB. Protein nuclear extracts prepared from activated satellite cells 72 hrs post muscle injury. Lamin B used as loading control. (A) Representative images of WBs. (B) Quantification using Image J software. Data represents mean +/− SEM, n = 3 to 5 (n = a pool of muscles from 3 mice), 2-tailed unpaired Student's t-test, no significant difference. (C) Graphical representation of data from Table S1. Gene expression of old relative to young satellite cells presented as fold change w/ a 95 % confidence interval for the 12 genes w/ a statistically significant relative expression, n = 3 mice per group, two-tailed unpaired Student's t-test, *: p value<0.05. Dotted line represents young level. BER: Base Excision Repair, NER: Nucleotide-Excision Repair; MR: Mismatch Repair, DRR: DNA Repair Related. (D–E) Satellite cells freshly isolated from uninjured (D) or 72 hrs after injury (E) muscle of C57BL/6 young & old mice, & of young SCID mice. Cells plated at low density, irradiated at indicated Gray (Gy) doses, & cultured for 10 days. Myogenic colonies formed by irradiated cells quantified & represented relative to ir respective non-irradiated controls. On average, 178, 77, & 228 myogenic colonies scored per mouse for young, old, & SCID uninjured non-irradiated respectively & 67, 34, & 91 myogenic colonies scored per mouse for young, old, & SCID injured non-irradiated respectively. Data represent mean +/− SEM, n = 3 to 4 mice per group, two-tailed unpaired Student's t-test, a, b or c: p value<0.05, (a: young vs old, b: young vs SCID, c: old versus SCID). Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23704914), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-305_rabbit-polyclonal-53bp1-antibody-31020241553204.jpg)
![Dual RNAscope ISH-IHC: TLR4 Antibody (76B357.1) [NB100-56566] - FFPE tissue sections of human tonsil were probed for TLR4 mRNA (ACD RNAScope Probe, ACD catalog # 311281; Fast Red chromogen, ACD catalog # 322750). Adjacent tissue section was processed for immunohistochemistry using Mouse Monoclonal (Novus Biologicals catalog # NB100-56566) at 5ug/mL with 1 hour incubation at room temperature followed by incubation with anti-mouse IgG VisUCyte HRP Polymer Antibody (Catalog # VC001) and DAB chromogen (yellow-brown). Tissue was counterstained with hematoxylin (blue). Specific staining was localized to lymphocytes.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/TLR4-Antibody-76B357-1-Dual-RNAscope-ISH-IHC-NB100-56566-img0036.jpg "<b>Orthogonal Strategies Validation. </b>Dual RNAscope ISH-IHC: TLR4 Antibody (76B357.1) [NB100-56566] - FFPE tissue sections of human tonsil were probed for TLR4 mRNA (ACD RNAScope Probe, ACD catalog # 311281; Fast Red chromogen, ACD catalog # 322750). Adjacent tissue section was processed for immunohistochemistry using Mouse Monoclonal (Novus Biologicals catalog # NB100-56566) at 5ug/mL with 1 hour incubation at room temperature followed by incubation with anti-mouse IgG VisUCyte HRP Polymer Antibody (Catalog # VC001) and DAB chromogen (yellow-brown). Tissue was counterstained with hematoxylin (blue). Specific staining was localized to lymphocytes.")
![<b>Orthogonal Strategies Validation. </b>Flow Cytometry: TLR4 Antibody (76B357.1) [NB100-56566] - Analysis using the Alexa Fluor (R) 647 conjugate of NBP2-27149. TLR4 expression on monocytes from human peripheral blood. PBMC were stained in a 2 color flow test, with CD14 PE version of this antibody and 1 ug of either isotype control (left) or TLR4-Alexa Fluor 647 (right). PPI negative, CD14+ cells were gated for analysis.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/TLR4-Antibody-76B357-1-Flow-Cytometry-NB100-56566-img0024.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry: TLR4 Antibody (76B357.1) [NB100-56566] - Pericryptal Myofibroblasts are Responsible for Increased TLR4 Expression in a Subset of CRCs. Double-stained immunofluorescence for TLR4 (green) and vimentin (red) in normal (I), adenoma (II), and colon adenocarcinoma (III) (10x). In the stromal compartment of CRCs, immunofluorescent staining for TLR4 localized to the pericryptal myofibroblasts in a subset of samples. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//www.jeccr.com/content/33/1/45), licensed under a CC-BY license.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/TLR4-Antibody-76B357-1-Immunohistochemistry-NB100-56566-img0040.jpg)
![Western Blot: TLR4 Antibody (76B357.1) [NB100-56566] - Analysis using 2 ug/mL on (A) human intestine and 6 ug/mL on (B) mouse intestine and (C) rat intestine lysate.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/TLR4-Antibody-76B357-1-Western-Blot-NB100-56566-img0018.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry: TLR4 Antibody (76B357.1) [NB100-56566] - Pericryptal Myofibroblasts are Responsible for Increased TLR4 Expression in a Subset of CRCs. IHC staining of colon adenocarcinoma for TLR4, vimentin, and alpha-SMA (40x). Staining co-localizes to the pericryptal space, confirming the signal arises from pericryptal myofibroblasts. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//www.jeccr.com/content/33/1/45), licensed under a CC-BY license.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/TLR4-Antibody-76B357-1-Immunohistochemistry-NB100-56566-img0041.jpg)
![Flow (Intracellular): TLR4 Antibody (76B357.1) [NB100-56566] - Analysis using PE conjugate of NBP2-27149. An intracellular stain was performed on Jurkat cells with TLR4 antibody (76B357.1) NBP2-27149PE (blue) and an isotype control MAB004 (orange). Cells were fixed with 4% PFA and then permeablized with 0.1% saponin. Cells were incubated in an antibody dilution of 2.5 ug/mL for 30 minutes at room temperature. Both antibodies were conjugated to phycoerythrin.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/TLR4-Antibody-76B357-1-Flow-Intracellular-NB100-56566-img0025.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: TLR4 Antibody (76B357.1) [NB100-56566] - RH-30 cells were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 10 minutes and permeabilized in 0.05% Triton X-100 in PBS for 5 minutes. The cells were incubated with anti-TLR4 Antibody (76B357.1) NB100-56566 at 1 ug/ml overnight at 4C and detected with an anti-mouse Dylight 488 (Green) at a 1:1000 dilution for 60 minutes. Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (Blue). Cells were imaged using a 100X objective and digitally deconvolved.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/TLR4-Antibody-76B357-1-Immunocytochemistry-Immunofluorescence-NB100-56566-img0042.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry: TLR4 Antibody (76B357.1) [NB100-56566] - Immunofluorescent staining of TMAs. Representative tissue cores from normal (I), adenomatous polyps (II), and CRC (III and IV) are shown. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//www.jeccr.com/content/33/1/45), licensed under a CC-BY license.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/TLR4-Antibody-76B357-1-Immunohistochemistry-NB100-56566-img0037.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: TLR4 Antibody (76B357.1) [NB100-56566] - Analysis of rat salivary gland tissue section at 1:100 dilution. The antibody generated a membrane-cytoplasmic staining in the tissue with stronger signal in ductal epithelial cells.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/TLR4-Antibody-76B357-1-Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin-NB100-56566-img0015.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: TLR4 Antibody (76B357.1) [NB100-56566] - Tissue section of normal human skin stained with antibody at 5 ug/mL. Membrane-cytoplasmic immunopositivity of TLR4 was primarily observed in the pigmented basel cells and the adjacent keratinocytes in the epidermal layer.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/TLR4-Antibody-76B357-1-Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin-NB100-56566-img0013.jpg)
![Flow Cytometry: TLR4 Antibody (76B357.1) [NB100-56566] - An intracellular stain was performed on RH30 cells with TLR4 Antibody (76B357.1) NB100-56566 (blue) and a matched mouse IgG2b Kappa isotype control (orange) MAB004. Cells were fixed with 4% PFA and then permeabilized with 0.1% saponin. Cells were incubated in an antibody dilution of 2.5 ug/mL for 30 minutes at room temperature, followed by Mouse IgG (H+L) Cross-Adsorbed Secondary Antibody, Dylight 550 (35503, Thermo Fisher).](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/TLR4-Antibody-76B357-1-Flow-Cytometry-NB100-56566-img0045.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: TLR4 Antibody (76B357.1) [NB100-56566] - Human skin stained with at 5 ug/mL, peroxidase-conjugate and DAB chromogen. Staining of formalin-fixed tissues is enhanced by boiling tissue sections in 10 mM sodium citrate buffer, pH 6.0 for 10-20 min followed by cooling at RT for 20 min.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/TLR4-Antibody-76B357-1-Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin-NB100-56566-img0007.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: TLR4 Antibody (76B357.1) [NB100-56566] - Analysis of TLR4 in FFPE human colon tissue using an isotype control (top) and NB100-56566 (bottom) at 5 ug/mL.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/TLR4-Antibody-76B357-1-Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin-NB100-56566-img0016.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: TLR4 Antibody (76B357.1) [NB100-56566] - Human testis tissue stained with antibody at 5 ug/mL.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/TLR4-Antibody-76B357-1-Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin-NB100-56566-img0017.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry-Frozen: TLR4 Antibody (76B357.1) [NB100-56566] - This image is TLR4(green) and nucleus(blue) at area postrema of the adult male mouse brain, x20 magnification. Primary antibody diluted 1:500. IHC-Fr image submitted by a verified customer review.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/TLR4-Antibody-76B357-1-Immunohistochemistry-Frozen-NB100-56566-img0032.jpg)
![Flow Cytometry: TLR4 Antibody (76B357.1) [NB100-56566] - Analysis of formaldehyde fixed THP-1 cells (human monocytic leukemia cells) using 2 ug/10^6 cells TLR4 antibody (clone 76B357.1) with detection employing a donkey anti-mouse IgG (H+L) cross adsorbed secondary antibody, (DyLight 488 conjugated). Isotype control samples incubated with mouse IgG2b isotype control antibody were processed in parallal under the same assay conditions.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/TLR4-Antibody-76B357-1-Flow-Cytometry-NB100-56566-img0031.jpg)
![Flow Cytometry: TLR4 Antibody (76B357.1) [NB100-56566] - An intracellular stain was performed on Jurkat cells with TLR4 Antibody (76B357.1) NB100-56566 (blue) and a matched mouse IgG2b Kappa isotype control (orange) MAB004. Cells were fixed with 4% PFA and then permeabilized with 0.1% saponin. Cells were incubated in an antibody dilution of 2.5 ug/mL for 30 minutes at room temperature, followed by Mouse IgG (H+L) Cross-Adsorbed Secondary Antibody, Dylight 550 (35503, Thermo Fisher).](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/TLR4-Antibody-76B357-1-Flow-Cytometry-NB100-56566-img0043.jpg)
![Flow Cytometry: TLR4 Antibody (76B357.1) [NB100-56566] - An intracellular stain was performed on Raw264.7 cells with TLR4 Antibody (76B357.1) NB100-56566 (blue) and a matched mouse IgG2b Kappa isotype control (orange) MAB004. Cells were fixed with 4% PFA and then permeabilized with 0.1% saponin. Cells were incubated in an antibody dilution of 2.5 ug/mL for 30 minutes at room temperature, followed by Mouse IgG (H+L) Cross-Adsorbed Secondary Antibody, Dylight 550 (35503, Thermo Fisher).](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/TLR4-Antibody-76B357-1-Flow-Cytometry-NB100-56566-img0044.jpg)
![Western Blot: TLR4 Antibody (76B357.1) - BSA Free [NB100-56566] - Increased toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression in the myocardium of chronic heart failure (CHF) rats. (A) TLR4 mRNA levels in infarct & remote myocardium of sham & CHF rats (n = 6/group). (B) Representative Western blot images & (C) quantification of TLR4 proteins in infarct & remote myocardium of sham & CHF rats (n = 4/group). (D) Representative immunohistochemistry images of heart sections stained with TLR4 (green) & CD45 (red). The yellow box indicates the enlarged area shown on the right (data are means ± SD, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 versus respective sham). Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26290459), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-56566_mouse-monoclonal-tlr4-antibody-76b357-1-imgenex-img-5031a-31020241539724.jpg)
![Western Blot: TLR4 Antibody (76B357.1) - BSA Free [NB100-56566] - Regulation of FOXC1 on TLR3/4 expression in mice subjected to myocardial ischaemia (MI). The siRNA against FOXC1 (si‐FOXC1) or FOXC1 adenovirus (Ad‐FOXC1) was injected into the left ventricle just after LAD ligation to generate FOXC1 knockdown (A) or FOXC1 overexpression (B), & the negative control (NC) siRNA & Ad‐GFP served as control, respectively. The mRNA (upper panel) & protein (middle & lower panel) levels of TLR3/4 were determined after 2 wk. Data are means ± SEM aP < .05, AP < .01 vs respective MI Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31517441), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-56566_mouse-monoclonal-tlr4-antibody-76b357-1-imgenex-img-5031a-310202415345314.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry: TLR4 Antibody (76B357.1) - BSA Free [NB100-56566] - Representative images of immunohistochemical staining of pancreatic adenocarcinoma upregulated factor (PAUF) & toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in human ovarian cancer specimens. The top row (A,B) represents normal ovarian tissue, middle row (C,D) shows immunoreactivity of ovarian carcinomas & the bottom row (E,F) indicates immunonegativity of ovarian caricinoma. The stromal cells of normal ovarian tissue show immunonegativity for PAUF & TLR4. The scale bar represents 100 μm. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30111860), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-56566_mouse-monoclonal-tlr4-antibody-76b357-1-imgenex-img-5031a-310202415293340.jpg)
![Western Blot: TLR4 Antibody (76B357.1) - BSA Free [NB100-56566] - Increased toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression in the surviving cardiomyocytes of chronic heart failure (CHF) rats. (A) Representative immunofluorescent images of TLR4 in cardiomyocytes isolated from sham & CHF rats. (B) TLR4 mRNA levels in cardiomyocytes isolated from sham & CHF rats. (C) Representative Western blot images & (D) quantification of TLR4 proteins in cardiomyocytes isolated from sham & CHF rats (data are means ± SD, n = 6/group, **P < 0.01 versus sham). Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26290459), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-56566_mouse-monoclonal-tlr4-antibody-76b357-1-imgenex-img-5031a-310202415175298.jpg)
![Western Blot: TLR4 Antibody (76B357.1) - BSA Free [NB100-56566] - Up‐regulation of FOXC1 & TLR3/4 protein levels under myocardial ischaemia. Representative Western blot images & quantitative data for FOXC1, TLR3 & TLR4 proteins in ischaemia models of mice (A), H9c2 cells (B) & NRVMs (C) are shown herein. Validation data of the antibodies for TLR3 & TLR4 are shown in Figure S1. Data are means ± SEM. n = ~4‐5/group. P values from the one‐way ANOVAs: 0.018 (TLR3 protein in mice), .002 (TLR4 protein in mice) & 0.006 (FOXC1 protein in mice). aP < .05, AP < .01 vs control Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31517441), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-56566_mouse-monoclonal-tlr4-antibody-76b357-1-imgenex-img-5031a-31020241534393.jpg)
![Western Blot: TLR4 Antibody (76B357.1) - BSA Free [NB100-56566] - (a) Cell viability of MM cells exposed to increasing doses of LPS for 24 h. (b) Immunoblotting analysis of TLR4 protein expression levels in H929 & L363 cell lines after incubation with various LPS concentrations. Probing with beta -ACTIN was used as total protein loading reference. (c) Flow cytometry analysis for TLR4 expression of MM cell lines before & after exposure to 1 μg/ml LPS for 24 h. (d) Cell viability of MM cell lines pre-treated with 0.5 μg/ml TLR4 inhibitor for 24 h before stimulation with LPS for 24 h. (e) Cell vViability of H929 & JJN3 cell lines exposed to increasing concentrations of TLR4 inhibitor for 48 h. beta -ACTIN probing was used as reference for total protein input. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30824741), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-56566_mouse-monoclonal-tlr4-antibody-76b357-1-imgenex-img-5031a-310202415304291.jpg)
![Western Blot: TLR4 Antibody (76B357.1) - BSA Free [NB100-56566] - Regulation of FOXC1 on TLR3/4 expression in mice subjected to myocardial ischaemia (MI). The siRNA against FOXC1 (si‐FOXC1) or FOXC1 adenovirus (Ad‐FOXC1) was injected into the left ventricle just after LAD ligation to generate FOXC1 knockdown (A) or FOXC1 overexpression (B), & the negative control (NC) siRNA & Ad‐GFP served as control, respectively. The mRNA (upper panel) & protein (middle & lower panel) levels of TLR3/4 were determined after 2 wk. Data are means ± SEM aP < .05, AP < .01 vs respective MI Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31517441), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-56566_mouse-monoclonal-tlr4-antibody-76b357-1-imgenex-img-5031a-310202415371989.jpg)
![Western Blot: TLR4 Antibody (76B357.1) - BSA Free [NB100-56566] - Up‐regulation of FOXC1 & TLR3/4 protein levels under myocardial ischaemia. Representative Western blot images & quantitative data for FOXC1, TLR3 & TLR4 proteins in ischaemia models of mice (A), H9c2 cells (B) & NRVMs (C) are shown herein. Validation data of the antibodies for TLR3 & TLR4 are shown in Figure S1. Data are means ± SEM. n = ~4‐5/group. P values from the one‐way ANOVAs: 0.018 (TLR3 protein in mice), .002 (TLR4 protein in mice) & 0.006 (FOXC1 protein in mice). aP < .05, AP < .01 vs control Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31517441), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-56566_mouse-monoclonal-tlr4-antibody-76b357-1-imgenex-img-5031a-310202415291964.jpg)
![Western Blot: TLR4 Antibody (76B357.1) - BSA Free [NB100-56566] - Up‐regulation of FOXC1 & TLR3/4 protein levels under myocardial ischaemia. Representative Western blot images & quantitative data for FOXC1, TLR3 & TLR4 proteins in ischaemia models of mice (A), H9c2 cells (B) & NRVMs (C) are shown herein. Validation data of the antibodies for TLR3 & TLR4 are shown in Figure S1. Data are means ± SEM. n = ~4‐5/group. P values from the one‐way ANOVAs: 0.018 (TLR3 protein in mice), .002 (TLR4 protein in mice) & 0.006 (FOXC1 protein in mice). aP < .05, AP < .01 vs control Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31517441), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-56566_mouse-monoclonal-tlr4-antibody-76b357-1-imgenex-img-5031a-31020241530423.jpg)
![Western Blot: TLR4 Antibody (76B357.1) - BSA Free [NB100-56566] - TLR4 mRNA (a1) & protein (a2) expression in MM cell lines. (b) TLR4 mRNA expression of 16 CD138+ selected MM patients as determined by PCR & agarose gel electrophoresis. Probing with beta -ACTIN was used as total protein loading reference, whereas beta -ACTIN gene expression was used as reference for RNA input. beta -ACTIN probing & beta -ACTIN mRNA expression were used as reference for total protein & mRNA input, respectively. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30824741), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-56566_mouse-monoclonal-tlr4-antibody-76b357-1-imgenex-img-5031a-31020241534332.jpg)
![Western Blot: TLR4 Antibody (76B357.1) - BSA Free [NB100-56566] - Regulation of FOXC1 on TLR expression. H9c2 cells were transfected with adenovirus or siRNA to overexpress or knock down FoxC1, with GFP adenovirus (Ad‐GFP) & negative control (NC) siRNA serving as control, respectively. A, FoxC1 overexpression increased Tlr3/4 mRNA & protein levels, under both control & ischaemic conditions. P values from the one‐way ANOVAs: <.001 (TLR3 mRNA), .002 (TLR4 mRNA), <.001 (FOXC1 mRNA), <.001 (TLR3 protein), <0.001 (TLR4 protein) & <.001 (FOXC1 protein). B, FoxC1 knockdown decreased Tlr3/4 mRNA & protein levels. P values from the one‐way ANOVAs: .001 (TLR3 mRNA), <.001 (TLR4 mRNA), <.001 (FOXC1 mRNA), .002 (TLR3 protein), <.001 (TLR4 protein) & <.001 (FOXC1 protein). C, FoxC1 overexpression up‐regulated the mRNA expression of multiple Tlr subtypes. P values from the one‐way ANOVAs: .022 (TLR1 mRNA), .047 (TLR2 mRNA), .002 (TLR3 mRNA), .013 (TLR4 mRNA), .039 (TLR5 mRNA), .003 (TLR6 mRNA), .203 (TLR7 mRNA), .078 (TLR8 mRNA) & .009 (TLR9 mRNA). Data are means ± SEM of 4 independent experiments. aP < .05, AP < .01 vs. control; bP < .05, BP < 0.01 vs. ischaemia Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31517441), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-56566_mouse-monoclonal-tlr4-antibody-76b357-1-imgenex-img-5031a-31020241683915.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: TLR4 Antibody (76B357.1) - BSA Free [NB100-56566] - Immunofluorescent staining of TMAs. A) Low power (10x) view of NCI TMA slide stained for TLR4 (green), intestinal epithelium/pan-cytokeratin (red), & nucleus/DAPI (blue). B) Representative tissue cores from normal (I), adenomatous polyps (II), & CRC (III & IV) are shown. C & D) TLR4 staining score by tissue type & tissue compartment (stroma vs epithelium) are shown. C) TLR4 staining in the tumor stroma had a significantly higher average intensity score for stages 3 & 4 CRC when compared to stage 1. D) TLR4 staining in the tumor epithelium had a significantly higher average intensity score for stages 2 & 3 when compared to stage 1. E) TLR4 staining by compartment broken down by stage (controlling for grade) & grade (controlling for stage). Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//jeccr.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1756-9966-33-45), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-56566_mouse-monoclonal-tlr4-antibody-76b357-1-imgenex-img-5031a-310202415525244.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: TLR4 Antibody (76B357.1) - BSA Free [NB100-56566] - Immunofluorescent staining of TMAs. A) Low power (10x) view of NCI TMA slide stained for TLR4 (green), intestinal epithelium/pan-cytokeratin (red), & nucleus/DAPI (blue). B) Representative tissue cores from normal (I), adenomatous polyps (II), & CRC (III & IV) are shown. C & D) TLR4 staining score by tissue type & tissue compartment (stroma vs epithelium) are shown. C) TLR4 staining in the tumor stroma had a significantly higher average intensity score for stages 3 & 4 CRC when compared to stage 1. D) TLR4 staining in the tumor epithelium had a significantly higher average intensity score for stages 2 & 3 when compared to stage 1. E) TLR4 staining by compartment broken down by stage (controlling for grade) & grade (controlling for stage). Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//jeccr.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1756-9966-33-45), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-56566_mouse-monoclonal-tlr4-antibody-76b357-1-imgenex-img-5031a-31020241553739.jpg)
![Western Blot: TLR4 Antibody (76B357.1) - BSA Free [NB100-56566] - Effect of Cucumis sativus L. extract (CSE) on LPS induced TLR4 expression. a Expression of TLR4 mRNA in pAECs treated with LPS (10 μg/ml) for different time (1, 7, 24 h) in the presence or absence of increasing doses of CSE (0.02; 0.2; 2 mg/ml). mRNA expression of TLR4 is determined by quantitative PCR; relative expression was calculated as fold of change in respect to the control cells & error bar represents the range of relative expression. Different letters above the bars indicate significant differences. b Representative Western Blot of TLR4 & relative housekeeping alpha -tubulin were reported. c Expression of TLR4 protein in pAECs treated with LPS (10 μg/ml) in the presence or absence of increasing doses CSE (0.02; 0.2; 2 mg/ml); data shown are representative of at least three independent experiments & represent the mean ± SEM. Different letters above the bars indicate significant differences (p < 0.05 ANOVA post hoc Tukey’s test) Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//bmccomplementalternmed.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12906-018-2254-1), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-56566_mouse-monoclonal-tlr4-antibody-76b357-1-imgenex-img-5031a-31020241553730.jpg)
![Western Blot: TLR4 Antibody (76B357.1) - BSA Free [NB100-56566] - Activation receptors are shed during intrinsic repair. (A) BMDM were unchallenged (control) or challenged with 500 HU/mL SLO WT, PFO or an equivalent mass of SLO ML for 10 min at 37 °C & centrifuged at 2000 × g for 5 min to yield cell pellet (C). Supernatants were spun at 100,000xg for 40 min at 4 °C to collect the high speed supernatant (S) & microvesicle pellet (M). Samples were solubilized at 95 °C in SDS-sample buffer, resolved by SDS-PAGE & transferred to nitrocellulose. Portions of the blot were probed with 6D11 anti-SLO, anti-IFN gamma R1, 4B4F12 anti-CD14, 76B357.1 anti-TLR4, O91B8 anti-MyD88, 1H4B01 anti-Trif, EPR4477 anti-Alkaline Phosphatase, MANLAC-4A7 anti-Lamin A/C, & AC-15 anti-beta -Actin antibodies followed by relevant secondary antibodies & ECL. Full-length blots are presented in Supplementary Figure S1. (B) BMDM were challenged with 500 HU/mL SLO WT or SLO N402C, SLO ML at equivalent mass to SLO WT, or SLO N402E at equivalent mass to SLO N402C for 10 min. Cell pellets (C), high speed supernatants (S) & microvesicles (M) were isolated as in (A) & probed with 6D11 anti-Streptolysin O, 76B357.1 anti-TLR4, O91B8 anti-MyD88, 1H4B01 anti-Trif, EPR4477 anti-Alkaline Phosphatase, MANLAC-4A7 anti-Lamin A/C, & AC-15 anti-beta -Actin antibodies. Full-length blots are presented in Supplementary Figure S2. The blots are representative of at least 3 independent experiments. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-24955-2), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-56566_mouse-monoclonal-tlr4-antibody-76b357-1-imgenex-img-5031a-310202415535180.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: TLR4 Antibody (76B357.1) - BSA Free [NB100-56566] - Pericryptal Myofibroblasts are Responsible for Increased TLR4 Expression in a Subset of CRCs. A) CRCs were separated into two groups representing low- & high- stromal expression of TLR4 by IHC staining. In normal tissue, stromal TLR4 expression is mainly due to macrophages (Green: TLR4, Red: CD68, Merge: TLR4 + CD68 + DAPI (blue)). Conversely, in CRCs increased vimentin & decreased CD68 staining in the pericryptal space confirm that this signal was due to pericryptal myofibroblasts & not related to tumor-associated macrophages. B) Double-stained immunofluorescence for TLR4 (green) & vimentin (red) in normal (I), adenoma (II), & colon adenocarcinoma (III) (10×). In the stromal compartment of CRCs, immunofluorescent staining for TLR4 localized to the pericryptal myofibroblasts in a subset of samples. C) IHC staining of colon adenocarcinoma for TLR4, vimentin, & alpha -SMA (40×). Staining co-localizes to the pericryptal space, confirming the signal arises from pericryptal myofibroblasts. D, E, & F) An increase in IHC staining for alpha -SMA & vimentin was noted in CRCs when compared to normal or low grade dysplasia. A decrease in staining for CD68 positive macrophages was observed with higher degrees of dysplasia. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//jeccr.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1756-9966-33-45), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-56566_mouse-monoclonal-tlr4-antibody-76b357-1-imgenex-img-5031a-31020241553724.jpg)
![Western Blot: TLR4 Antibody (76B357.1) - BSA Free [NB100-56566] - (a1) Q-PCR assay of TLR4 mRNA expression levels after transfecting JJN3 cell line with TLR4 RNAi oligonucleotides or a non-targeting pool (siCtrl) for 48 h. (a2) Representative immunoblotting analyses of protein samples probed with an antibody against TLR4 after TLR4 RNAi for 48 h. (b1) % cell viability & (b2) % proliferation of JJN3 cells after TLR4 RNAi for 48 h. (c,d1) Q-PCR expression analyses of TLR4 mRNA expression levels after transfecting H929 (c) & U266 (d1) cell lines with the pCMV6-TLR4 construct or a pCMV6 empty vector for 48 h. (d2) Immunobloting analyses of U266 cells transfected with pCMV6-TLR4 or pCMV6 vector for 48 h; protein samples were probed with an antibody against TLR4. (e1) % cell viability & (e2) % proliferation of H929 & U266 cells after transfection with the pCMV6-TLR4 construct or with the empty pCMV6 vector for 48 h. beta -ACTIN probing & beta -ACTIN mRNA expression were used as reference for total protein & mRNA input, respectively. Cells transfected with the pCMV6-TLR4 construct are labelled as TLR4 OE (TLR4 overexpression), whereas cells transfected with the pCMV6 empty vector are labelled as Con (control). Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30824741), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-56566_mouse-monoclonal-tlr4-antibody-76b357-1-imgenex-img-5031a-31020241682147.jpg)
![Western Blot: TLR4 Antibody (76B357.1) - BSA Free [NB100-56566] - Regulation of FOXC1 on TLR expression. H9c2 cells were transfected with adenovirus or siRNA to overexpress or knock down FoxC1, with GFP adenovirus (Ad‐GFP) & negative control (NC) siRNA serving as control, respectively. A, FoxC1 overexpression increased Tlr3/4 mRNA & protein levels, under both control & ischaemic conditions. P values from the one‐way ANOVAs: <.001 (TLR3 mRNA), .002 (TLR4 mRNA), <.001 (FOXC1 mRNA), <.001 (TLR3 protein), <0.001 (TLR4 protein) & <.001 (FOXC1 protein). B, FoxC1 knockdown decreased Tlr3/4 mRNA & protein levels. P values from the one‐way ANOVAs: .001 (TLR3 mRNA), <.001 (TLR4 mRNA), <.001 (FOXC1 mRNA), .002 (TLR3 protein), <.001 (TLR4 protein) & <.001 (FOXC1 protein). C, FoxC1 overexpression up‐regulated the mRNA expression of multiple Tlr subtypes. P values from the one‐way ANOVAs: .022 (TLR1 mRNA), .047 (TLR2 mRNA), .002 (TLR3 mRNA), .013 (TLR4 mRNA), .039 (TLR5 mRNA), .003 (TLR6 mRNA), .203 (TLR7 mRNA), .078 (TLR8 mRNA) & .009 (TLR9 mRNA). Data are means ± SEM of 4 independent experiments. aP < .05, AP < .01 vs. control; bP < .05, BP < 0.01 vs. ischaemia Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31517441), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-56566_mouse-monoclonal-tlr4-antibody-76b357-1-imgenex-img-5031a-31020241552396.jpg)
![Western Blot: TLR4 Antibody (76B357.1) - BSA Free [NB100-56566] - Dasatinib affects TLR4 signaling to regulate LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokine levels in BV2 microglial cells. a BV2 microglial cells were pretreated with TAK-242 (a TLR4 receptor inhibitor, 500 nM) or vehicle (1% DMSO) for 30 min, treated with dasatinib (250 nM) or vehicle (1% DMSO) for 30 min, & treated with LPS (1 μg/ml) or PBS for 5 h. The mRNA levels of COX-2 & IL-6 were analyzed by RT-PCR. b, c Quantification of the data in a (COX-2: con, n = 10; LPS, n = 10; dasatinib+LPS, n = 10; TAK-242+LPS, n = 10; TAK-242+dasatinib+LPS, n = 10; & IL-6: con, n = 14; LPS, n = 14; dasatinib+LPS, n = 14; TAK-242+LPS, n = 14; TAK-242+ dasatinib+LPS, n = 14). d BV2 microglial cells were treated with dasatinib (250 nM) or vehicle (1% DMSO) for 30 min followed by LPS (1 μg/ml) or PBS for 5.5 h, & cell surface biotinylation was conducted. e, f Quantification of the data in d (Surface TLR4: con, n = 11; LPS, n = 11; dasatinib+LPS, n = 11; Total TLR4: con, n = 16; LPS, n = 16; dasatinib+LPS, n = 16). One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test was used to analyze significant differences. **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31655606), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-56566_mouse-monoclonal-tlr4-antibody-76b357-1-imgenex-img-5031a-3102024168390.jpg)
![Western Blot: TLR4 Antibody (76B357.1) - BSA Free [NB100-56566] - (a1) Q-PCR assay of TLR4 mRNA expression levels after transfecting JJN3 cell line with TLR4 RNAi oligonucleotides or a non-targeting pool (siCtrl) for 48 h. (a2) Representative immunoblotting analyses of protein samples probed with an antibody against TLR4 after TLR4 RNAi for 48 h. (b1) % cell viability & (b2) % proliferation of JJN3 cells after TLR4 RNAi for 48 h. (c,d1) Q-PCR expression analyses of TLR4 mRNA expression levels after transfecting H929 (c) & U266 (d1) cell lines with the pCMV6-TLR4 construct or a pCMV6 empty vector for 48 h. (d2) Immunobloting analyses of U266 cells transfected with pCMV6-TLR4 or pCMV6 vector for 48 h; protein samples were probed with an antibody against TLR4. (e1) % cell viability & (e2) % proliferation of H929 & U266 cells after transfection with the pCMV6-TLR4 construct or with the empty pCMV6 vector for 48 h. beta -ACTIN probing & beta -ACTIN mRNA expression were used as reference for total protein & mRNA input, respectively. Cells transfected with the pCMV6-TLR4 construct are labelled as TLR4 OE (TLR4 overexpression), whereas cells transfected with the pCMV6 empty vector are labelled as Con (control). Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30824741), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-56566_mouse-monoclonal-tlr4-antibody-76b357-1-imgenex-img-5031a-310202415532051.jpg)
![Western Blot: TLR4 Antibody (76B357.1) - BSA Free [NB100-56566] - TLR4 expression in pVW-MSCs cultured with or without LPS (10 μg/ml) for 1 & 4 h & after additional 24 h of recovery after LPS removal (4hR). a: flow cytometry analysis were performed in not fixed & not permeabilized cells for TLR4 surface expression determination (TLR4: Surface) & in fixed & permeabilized cells to measure the overall TLR4 amount (TLR4: Total). Red histograms: stained cells; blue histograms: control cells. b: representative Western Blot of TLR4 & housekeeping beta -tubulin & relative quantification were presented. c: representative images of TLR4 immunostaining of pVW-MSCs cultured with or without LPS (10 μg/ml) for 4 h. pVW-MSCs nuclei were stained with Hoechst 33258 (blue). Scale bar = 10 μm. Data shown represent the mean ± SD of three biological replicates, each experiment is repeated three times. Data were analysed using one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey’s post hoc comparison test. Different letters above the bars indicate significant differences (p < 0.05). (AU = Arbitrary Units) Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31029157), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-56566_mouse-monoclonal-tlr4-antibody-76b357-1-imgenex-img-5031a-3102024155457.jpg)
![Flow Cytometry: TLR4 Antibody (76B357.1) - BSA Free [NB100-56566] - TLR4 expression in pVW-MSCs cultured with or without LPS (10 μg/ml) for 1 & 4 h & after additional 24 h of recovery after LPS removal (4hR). a: flow cytometry analysis were performed in not fixed & not permeabilized cells for TLR4 surface expression determination (TLR4: Surface) & in fixed & permeabilized cells to measure the overall TLR4 amount (TLR4: Total). Red histograms: stained cells; blue histograms: control cells. b: representative Western Blot of TLR4 & housekeeping beta -tubulin & relative quantification were presented. c: representative images of TLR4 immunostaining of pVW-MSCs cultured with or without LPS (10 μg/ml) for 4 h. pVW-MSCs nuclei were stained with Hoechst 33258 (blue). Scale bar = 10 μm. Data shown represent the mean ± SD of three biological replicates, each experiment is repeated three times. Data were analysed using one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey’s post hoc comparison test. Different letters above the bars indicate significant differences (p < 0.05). (AU = Arbitrary Units) Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31029157), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-56566_mouse-monoclonal-tlr4-antibody-76b357-1-imgenex-img-5031a-31020241552524.jpg)
![Western Blot: TLR4 Antibody (76B357.1) - BSA Free [NB100-56566] - Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4)‐shRNA lentivirus reduced myocardial inflammation & improved heart function after myocardial infarction (MI). The rats received intra‐myocardial injection of normal saline (NS), control‐shRNA lentivirus or TLR4‐shRNA lentivirus (1 × 109 TU/ml, 100 μl/heart) just after left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) ligation or sham operation. All examinations were performed after 4 weeks of MI. (A) Expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP; green), the marker gene carried by TLR4‐shRNA lentivirus, in the myocardium. The nuclei were counter‐stained with Hoechst 33258 (blue). (B) Representative Western blot images & quantification of TLR4 proteins in sham & chronic heart failure (CHF) myocardium. (C) tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐ alpha & interleukin (IL)‐6 protein contents in infarct & remote myocardium. (D) Representative images of Masson's trichrome staining (upper panel) & quantification (lower panel) of post‐infarct failing hearts, showing that TLR4‐shRNA lentivirus reduced cardiac fibrosis. Cross‐sections were cut at the midhorizontal plane of the fixed paraffin‐embedded heart, & stained with Masson's trichrome reagents. (E) Infarct size of post‐infarct failing hearts. (F) Fractional shortening (%) of the left ventricle (data are means ± SD, n = 4/group, aP < 0.05, AP < 0.01 versus respective sham‐NS; BP < 0.01 versus respective CHF‐NS). Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26290459), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-56566_mouse-monoclonal-tlr4-antibody-76b357-1-imgenex-img-5031a-310202415523925.jpg)
![Western Blot: TLR4 Antibody (76B357.1) - BSA Free [NB100-56566] - ALWPs significantly reduced LPS-induced cell-surface levels of TLR4. (A) BV2 microglial cells were pretreated with TAK-242 (a TLR4 inhibitor, 500 nM) for 30 min, followed by treatment with ALWPs (500 μg/ml) or PBS for 30 min & finally LPS (1 μg/ml) or PBS for 5 h. Total RNA was isolated, & IL-1 beta mRNA levels were measured by RT-PCR. (B) Quantification of the data from (A) (con, n = 20; LPS, n = 20; ALWPs + LPS, n = 20; TAK-242 + LPS, n = 20; TAK-242 + ALWPs + LPS, n = 20). (C) BV2 microglial cells were pretreated with ALWPs (500 μg/ml) or PBS for 30 min, followed by treatment with LPS (1 μg/ml) or PBS for 5.5 h. Cell-surface biotinylation was then conducted with a TLR4 antibody recognizing the N-terminal region of TLR4. (D) Quantification of the data from (C) (Surface TLR4: con, n = 10; LPS, n = 10; ALWPs + LPS, n = 10; Total TLR4: con, n = 4; LPS, n = 4; ALWPs + LPS, n = 4). ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30319390), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-56566_mouse-monoclonal-tlr4-antibody-76b357-1-imgenex-img-5031a-310202415535173.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: TLR4 Antibody (76B357.1) - BSA Free [NB100-56566] - Pericryptal Myofibroblasts are Responsible for Increased TLR4 Expression in a Subset of CRCs. A) CRCs were separated into two groups representing low- & high- stromal expression of TLR4 by IHC staining. In normal tissue, stromal TLR4 expression is mainly due to macrophages (Green: TLR4, Red: CD68, Merge: TLR4 + CD68 + DAPI (blue)). Conversely, in CRCs increased vimentin & decreased CD68 staining in the pericryptal space confirm that this signal was due to pericryptal myofibroblasts & not related to tumor-associated macrophages. B) Double-stained immunofluorescence for TLR4 (green) & vimentin (red) in normal (I), adenoma (II), & colon adenocarcinoma (III) (10×). In the stromal compartment of CRCs, immunofluorescent staining for TLR4 localized to the pericryptal myofibroblasts in a subset of samples. C) IHC staining of colon adenocarcinoma for TLR4, vimentin, & alpha -SMA (40×). Staining co-localizes to the pericryptal space, confirming the signal arises from pericryptal myofibroblasts. D, E, & F) An increase in IHC staining for alpha -SMA & vimentin was noted in CRCs when compared to normal or low grade dysplasia. A decrease in staining for CD68 positive macrophages was observed with higher degrees of dysplasia. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//jeccr.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1756-9966-33-45), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-56566_mouse-monoclonal-tlr4-antibody-76b357-1-imgenex-img-5031a-31020241612688.jpg)
![Western Blot: DNMT1 Antibody (60B1220.1) [NB100-56519] - Analysis of Dnmt1 in 2102EP (human embryonic carcinoma) in the A) absence and B) presence of immunizing peptide, recombinant human Dnmt1 protein in the C) absence and D) presence of immunizing peptide, NIH 3T3 (mouse embryonic fribroblast) in the E) absence and F) presence of immunizing peptide, and D3 (mouse embryonic stem cell) in the G) absence and H) presence of immunizing peptide using Dnmt1 antibody. this antibody. 5 ug/ml for testing the human cell line and 0.1 ug/ml was used for testing the recombinant protein and the mouse cell lines. ’s goat anti-mouse Ig HRP secondary antibody and PicoTect ECL substrate solution were used for this test.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/DNMT1-Antibody-60B1220-1-Western-Blot-NB100-56519-img0003.jpg "Western Blot: DNMT1 Antibody (60B1220.1) [NB100-56519] - Analysis of Dnmt1 in 2102EP (human embryonic carcinoma) in the A) absence and B) presence of immunizing peptide, recombinant human Dnmt1 protein in the C) absence and D) presence of immunizing peptide, NIH 3T3 (mouse embryonic fribroblast) in the E) absence and F) presence of immunizing peptide, and D3 (mouse embryonic stem cell) in the G) absence and H) presence of immunizing peptide using Dnmt1 antibody. this antibody. 5 ug/ml for testing the human cell line and 0.1 ug/ml was used for testing the recombinant protein and the mouse cell lines. ’s goat anti-mouse Ig HRP secondary antibody and PicoTect ECL substrate solution were used for this test.")
![Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: DNMT1 Antibody (60B1220.1) [NB100-56519] - Dnmt1 antibody was tested in HeLa cells with Dylight 488 (green). Nuclei and alpha-tubulin were counterstained with DAPI (blue) and DyLight 550 (red). Antibody dilution of 1:10 was used. Image objective 40x.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/DNMT1-Antibody-60B1220-1-Immunocytochemistry-Immunofluorescence-NB100-56519-img0006.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: DNMT1 Antibody (60B1220.1) [NB100-56519] - Tissue section of human hepatocellular carcinoma at 1:50 dilution.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/DNMT1-Antibody-60B1220-1-Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin-NB100-56519-img0007.jpg)
![Flow Cytometry: DNMT1 Antibody (60B1220.1) [NB100-56519] - An intracellular stain was performed on HeLa cells with DNMT1 [60B1220.1] Antibody NB100-56519AF488 (blue) and a matched isotype control (orange). Cells were fixed with 4% PFA and then permeabilized with 0.1% saponin. Cells were incubated in an antibody dilution of 5 ug/mL for 30 minutes at room temperature. Both antibodies were conjugated to Alexa Fluor 488.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/DNMT1-Antibody-60B1220-1-Flow-Cytometry-NB100-56519-img0010.jpg)
![Flow Cytometry: DNMT1 Antibody (60B1220.1) [NB100-56519] - Analysis of PE conjugate of NB100-56519. An intracellular stain was performed on HeLa cells with DNMT1 antibody (60B1220.1) NB100-56519PE (blue) and a matched isotype control NBP2-27287PE (orange). Cells were fixed with 4% PFA and then permeablized with 0](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/DNMT1-Antibody-60B1220-1-Flow-Cytometry-NB100-56519-img0009.jpg)
![Simple Western: DNMT1 Antibody (60B1220.1) [NB100-56519] - Simple Western lane view shows a specific band for Dnmt1 in 0.5 mg/mL of HeLa lysate. This experiment was performed under reducing conditions using the 12-230 kDa separation system.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/DNMT1-Antibody-60B1220-1-Simple-Western-NB100-56519-img0008.jpg)
![Immunoprecipitation: DNMT1 Antibody (60B1220.1) [NB100-56519] - The PCNAS228I mutation differentially affects PCNA binding to PIP box-containing proteins. GST-PIP pull down of His-S-PCNAWT or PCNAS228I. Figure shows Coomassie stained gel of representative pull down (top) and anti-PCNA western blot of the same samples diluted 1:20 (bottom). Amount of 'input' loaded for Coomassie is equivalent to 1%, 'Glut. beads' (Glutathione sepharose 4B beads) is equivalent to 25%. Molecular weight markers are indicated. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1568786416304013), licensed under a CC-BY license.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/DNMT1-Antibody-60B1220-1-Immunoprecipitation-NB100-56519-img0011.jpg)
![Western Blot: DNMT1 Antibody (60B1220.1) - BSA Free [NB100-56519] - WA does not alter DNMTs gene & protein expression(A) Effect of WA on DNMT1, DNMT3A & DNMT3B gene expression in MDA-MB-231 & MCF-7 cells normalized to select housekeeping genes & relative to DMSO-treated MCF-7 sample (2-delta delta Ct) as determined by Human Epigenetic Chromatin Modification Enzyme qPCR Array as previously described. Bars represent DNMT1, DNMT3A & DNMT3B relative mRNA (mean ± SEM) expression of at least two independent experiments. (B) Effect of WA on DNMT1, DNMT3A & DNMT3B protein expression in MDA-MB-231 & MCF-7 cells, as compared to to beta -Actin protein levels. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28467815), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-56519_mouse-monoclonal-dnmt1-antibody-60b1220-1-310202415171327.jpg)
![Chromatin Immunoprecipitation: DNMT1 Antibody (60B1220.1) - BSA Free [NB100-56519] - Epigenetic changes & protein binding at Ankrd26 promoter in eAT from mice upon 22 weeks of HFD.ChIP of DNMT1, DNMT3a, DNMT3b (a) & MBD2 (b) binding at Ankrd26 promoter region (−553 bp/−348 bp). (c) MNase for Nuc-2 (−257 bp/−198 bp) & Nuc-1 (−84 bp/−25 bp) occupancy at Ankrd26 promoter. (d) ChIP for acetyl-H4 enrichment at Nuc-2 & Nuc-1. (e) ChIP of RNA Pol II binding at Ankrd26 TSS (+16 bp/+159 bp). (a,b) & (d,e), ChIP enrichment is relative to Input chromatin. (a–e), results are mean ± SD from three independent experiments. **p < 0.01 & ***p < 0.001 vs STD. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//www.nature.com/articles/srep43526), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-56519_mouse-monoclonal-dnmt1-antibody-60b1220-1-310202415304276.jpg)
![Western Blot: DNMT1 Antibody (60B1220.1) - BSA Free [NB100-56519] - Verification of the expression of the proteins identified.(A) Validation of the SILAC results of selected proteins in immunoblots of protein extracts from the bladder cancer cells analyzed. The results validated the expression levels of proteins identified by the proteomic approach, including differentially & non-differentially expressed candidates. Antibodies displaying a single predominant band at the expected molecular weights were accepted: & alpha -tubulin, was used as the loading control. GSN, Gelsolin; Cul3, Cullin 3; IPO9. Importin 9; EGFR, Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor; NUP133, Nucleoporin 133; HSP70, Heat Shock Protein 70kDa; MCM6, Minichromosome Maintenance Complex Component 6; RCC1, Regulator of Chromosome Condensation 1; BCAS2, Breast Carcinoma Amplified Sequence 2; DNM, Dynamin; NPM, Nucleophosmin; DCTN, Dynactin; CALR, Calreticulin; MAPK, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase; DDX21, DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 21; CDC2: Cell Division Cycle 2; DNMT1, DNA (cytosine-5)-Methyltransferase 1; MSH6, MutS Homolog 6; RAB14, GTPase Rab14; VDAC, Voltage-Dependent Anion Channel; CK18, Cytokeratin 18; CALD, Caldesmon; CD44, CD44 antigen isoform 1 precursor 2; EZR, Ezrin; MSN, Moesin; ANXA2, Annexin A2; CPNE3, Copine 3; FLNA, Filamin A; CAV1, Caveolin 1. Western Blots were scanned & analyzed using alpha -tubulin as normalizing control. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23308193), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-56519_mouse-monoclonal-dnmt1-antibody-60b1220-1-3102024165721.jpg)
![TLS formation in models of heart failure, conditional lymphatic-EC deletion of Rbpj or kidney ischemia reperfusion. D PAS staining of representative, paraffin-embedded kidney sections. Quantification of infiltrated area [in mm2] per transversal kidney cross-section (sum of all infiltrated areas per section), N = 8 biological replicates per group, Mann–Whitney test, two-tailed, p = 0.51. Graph: Scatter dot blot, Mean, SD (whiskers). ERbpj delta EC Whole kidney staining for B220 (TLS)&Prox1/Lyve1 for lymphatic collecting vessels, light sheet microscopy, ventral view, 3D reconstruction via IMARIS software; scale bar: left image 1000 µm; insets are magnifications of boxed detail, scale bar 150 µm. Exemplary image, kidneys from N = 3 mice stained. F Induction protocol for lymphatic endothelial-restricted deletion of Rbpj (Rbpj delta LEC). Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following open publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35440634), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by R&D Systems.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/af2727_human-prox1-affinity-purified-polyclonal-ab-812025557269.jpg)