| Formulation | Catalog # | Availability | Price | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BSA Free | NB110-57130SS | |||
| Formulation | Catalog # | Availability | Price | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BSA Free | NB100-56506SS | |||
| Azide and BSA Free | NBP2-33212 | |||
| Formulation | Catalog # | Availability | Price | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BSA Free | NB300-232SS | |||
| Formulation | Catalog # | Availability | Price | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BSA Free | NB300-229SS | |||
| Formulation | Catalog # | Availability | Price | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Azide and BSA Free | NB500-179SS | |||
| Formulation | Catalog # | Availability | Price | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BSA Free | NB300-231SS | |||
| Formulation | Catalog # | Availability | Price | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BSA Free | NB500-174SS | |||
| Formulation | Catalog # | Availability | Price | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Azide and BSA Free | NB500-180SS | |||
| Formulation | Catalog # | Availability | Price | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BSA Free | NB500-176SS | |||
| Formulation | Catalog # | Availability | Price | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BSA Free | NB100-56694SS | |||
![Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: TRF-2 Antibody [NB110-57130] - HeLa cells were fixed for 10 minutes using 10% formalin and then permeabilized for 5 minutes using 1X TBS + 0.5% Triton X-100. The cells were incubated with antibody at a 1:200 dilution overnight at 4 degrees Celsius and detected with DyLight 488 (Green) at a 1:500 dilution. Alpha tubulin was used as a co-stain at a 1:1000 dilution and detected with Dylight 550 (Red). Nuclei were detected with DAPI (Blue) at 2.0 ug/ml in 1X PBS. Cells were imaged using a 40X objective.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/TRF-2-Antibody-Immunocytochemistry-Immunofluorescence-NB110-57130-img0011.jpg "Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: TRF-2 Antibody [NB110-57130] - HeLa cells were fixed for 10 minutes using 10% formalin and then permeabilized for 5 minutes using 1X TBS + 0.5% Triton X-100. The cells were incubated with antibody at a 1:200 dilution overnight at 4 degrees Celsius and detected with DyLight 488 (Green) at a 1:500 dilution. Alpha tubulin was used as a co-stain at a 1:1000 dilution and detected with Dylight 550 (Red). Nuclei were detected with DAPI (Blue) at 2.0 ug/ml in 1X PBS. Cells were imaged using a 40X objective.")
![Simple Western: TRF-2 Antibody [NB110-57130] - Lane view shows a specific band for TRF2 in 1.0 mg/mL of HeLa lysate. This experiment was performed under reducing conditions using the 12-230 kDa separation system.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/TRF-2-Antibody-Simple-Western-NB110-57130-img0010.jpg)
![Western Blot: TRF-2 Antibody [NB110-57130] - Analysis of HeLa whole cell lysate (A), HeLa nuclear cell lysate (B), k562 cell lysate (C), HepG2 cell lysate (D), NIH/3T3 cell lysate (E), CHO cell lysate (F), PC12 cell lysate (G), and Cos7 cell lysate (H) using antibody at a concentration of 2 ug/mL.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/TRF-2-Antibody-Western-Blot-NB110-57130-img0008.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: TRF-2 Antibody [NB110-57130] - Analysis in xenografted human breast cancer tissue using DAB with hematoxylin counterstain.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/TRF-2-Antibody-Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin-NB110-57130-img0007.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: TRF-2 Antibody [NB110-57130] - Analysis of FFPE human breast cancer tissue with rabbit polyclonal TRF2 antibody at a dilution of 1:200. The staining was developed with HRP-DAB detection method and the counterstaining was performed using hematoxylin. This TRF2 antibody generated an expected nuclear signal in all the cancer cells and the stromal cells. In the tested section, only a subset of myoepithelial cells showed positivity for this protein.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/TRF-2-Antibody-Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin-NB110-57130-img0013.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: TRF-2 Antibody [NB110-57130] - NIH3T3 cells were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 10 minutes and permeabilized in 0.5% Triton X-100 in PBS for 5 minutes. The cells were incubated with anti-TRF-2 Antibody NB110-57130 at 2 ug/ml overnight at 4C and detected with an anti-rabbit Dylight 488 (Green) at a 1:1000 dilution for 60 minutes. Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (Blue). Cells were imaged using a 100X objective and digitally deconvolved.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/TRF-2-Antibody-Immunocytochemistry-Immunofluorescence-NB110-57130-img0016.jpg)
![Flow Cytometry: TRF-2 Antibody [NB110-57130] - An intracellular stain was performed on HeLa cells with TRF-2 Antibody NB110-57130 (blue) and a matched isotype control NBP2-24891 (orange). Cells were fixed with 4% PFA and then permeabilized with 0.1% saponin. Cells were incubated in an antibody dilution of 1.0 ug/mL for 30 minutes at room temperature, followed by Rabbit IgG (H+L) Cross-Adsorbed Secondary Antibody, Dylight 550 (SA5-10033, Thermo Fisher).](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/TRF-2-Antibody-Flow-Cytometry-NB110-57130-img0017.jpg)
![Chromatin Immunoprecipitation: TRF-2 Antibody [NB110-57130] - Analysis in mouse. Titrated TRF2 antibody to determine concentration required for ChIP experiment. ChIP image submitted by a verified customer review.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/TRF-2-Antibody-Chromatin-Immunoprecipitation-NB110-57130-img0009.jpg)
![<b>Genetic Strategies Validation. </b>Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: TRF-2 Antibody [NB110-57130] - RNAi-mediated depletion of human separase (ESPL1) induces TIFs. Control scrambled siRNA- (control) and ESPL1 siRNA-treated fibroblasts stained with anti-p53-binding protein 1 (53BP1; green) and anti-TRF2 (red). It is noteworthy that in ESPL1 siRNA-treated cells, 53BP1 signals frequently overlap with TRF2 signals marking the TIFs. Scale bar, 5 um. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/ncomms10405), licensed under a CC-BY license.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/TRF-2-Antibody-Immunocytochemistry-Immunofluorescence-NB110-57130-img0015.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: TRF-2 Antibody [NB110-57130] - Analysis of FFPE human breast cancer tissue with rabbit polyclonal TRF2 antibody at 1:200 dilution. The staining was developed with HRP-DAB detection method and the counterstaining was performed using hematoxylin. This TRF2 antibody generated an expected nuclear signal in all the cancer cells and the stromal cells. In the tested section, only a subset of myoepithelial cells showed positivity for this protein.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/TRF-2-Antibody-Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin-NB110-57130-img0012.jpg)
![Flow Cytometry: TRF-2 Antibody [NB110-57130] - An intracellular stain was performed on HeLa cells with TRF-2 Antibody NB110-57130AF488 (blue) and a matched isotype control (orange). Cells were fixed with 4% PFA and then permeabilized with 0.1% saponin. Cells were incubated in an antibody dilution of 5 ug/mL for 30 minutes at room temperature. Both antibodies were conjugated to Alexa Fluor 488.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/TRF-2-Antibody-Flow-Cytometry-NB110-57130-img0014.jpg)
![Western Blot: TRF-2 Antibody - BSA Free [NB110-57130] - Repressive chromatin induced on p21 promoter in TRF2 dependent way. (A–C) Loss of chromatin activation marks H3K4Me, H3K4Me2 in stable TRF2 expressed HT1080 cells (A); increase in LSD1 occupancy in TRF2 over-expressing HT1080 cells. (B) (Full images are shown in Supplementary Figures S6 & S7); Co-immunoprecipitation of TRF2 with LSD1 (immunoprecipitation with anti-TRF2 antibody followed by immunoblotting with anti-LSD1 or anti-TRF2 antibody) (C); (D) Reverse Co-immunoprecipitation of LSD1 with TRF2 (immunoprecipitation with anti-LSD1 antibody followed by immunoblotting with anti-TRF2 antibody); (E) & reduced occupancy of the repressor complex REST, Co-REST & LSD1 on silencing TRF2 on p21 promoter. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-11177-1), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb110-57130_rabbit-polyclonal-trf-2-antibody-31020241528452.jpg)
![Chromatin Immunoprecipitation: TRF-2 Antibody - BSA Free [NB110-57130] - TRF2 occupancy on G4-motif sites on gene promoters within cells.A, telomeric enrichment was tested for TRF2 ChIP samples performed in HT1080 cells. Telomeric signal was normalized to signal from ALU probe. B, TRF2 occupancy at gene promoter sites in HT1080 cells (endogenous TRF2 & TRF2-overexpressed) quantified using ChIP-qRT PCR. TRF2 ChIP/IgG (mock) enrichment was normalized to 1% input; CTCF promoter (which does not harbor a TRF2 peak) was used as negative control; error bars correspond to S.D., & statistical significance was calculated by paired t test (*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01). For the TRF2-overexpressed condition (in red), all p values were <0.01. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31575660), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb110-57130_rabbit-polyclonal-trf-2-antibody-310202415293320.jpg)
![Western Blot: TRF-2 Antibody - BSA Free [NB110-57130] - Repressive chromatin induced on p21 promoter in TRF2 dependent way. (A–C) Loss of chromatin activation marks H3K4Me, H3K4Me2 in stable TRF2 expressed HT1080 cells (A); increase in LSD1 occupancy in TRF2 over-expressing HT1080 cells. (B) (Full images are shown in Supplementary Figures S6 & S7); Co-immunoprecipitation of TRF2 with LSD1 (immunoprecipitation with anti-TRF2 antibody followed by immunoblotting with anti-LSD1 or anti-TRF2 antibody) (C); (D) Reverse Co-immunoprecipitation of LSD1 with TRF2 (immunoprecipitation with anti-LSD1 antibody followed by immunoblotting with anti-TRF2 antibody); (E) & reduced occupancy of the repressor complex REST, Co-REST & LSD1 on silencing TRF2 on p21 promoter. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-11177-1), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb110-57130_rabbit-polyclonal-trf-2-antibody-310202415363710.jpg)
![Chromatin Immunoprecipitation: TRF-2 Antibody - BSA Free [NB110-57130] - Thousands of extra-telomeric TRF2 binding sites found across the genome.A, extra-telomeric TRF2 peaks found in HT1080 cells following TRF2 ChIP-Seq: 20304 TRF2 peaks were common between two independent experiments. B, distribution of common TRF2 peaks around TSSs. Distance from the TSS is shown in kb. C, replicate consistency plot generated using irreproducible discovery rate analysis; 1956 peaks found at ≤0.01 are marked. D, distribution of 1956 TRF2 peaks with IDR 0.01 (TRF2HC peaks) around the TSS. Distance from the TSS is shown in kb. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31575660), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb110-57130_rabbit-polyclonal-trf-2-antibody-310202415371955.jpg)
![Western Blot: TRF-2 Antibody - BSA Free [NB110-57130] - TRF1HP1 alpha allele-specific protection effects upon si-TRF2-induced telomeric damage. 72 h after transfection, a TRF2 knockdown efficiency with antibody against TRF2 (anti-TRF2) & GAPDH (anti-GAPDH) as loading control. (−) si-non-targeting; (+) si-TRF2. Quantification of TIFs in b si-non-targeting (n = 32–47 nuclei per group) or c si-TRF2. Left *p = 0.0188, right *p = 0.0192, **p = 0.0042, ****p < 0.0001 (n = 31–48 nuclei per group). b, c Significance is assessed by one-way ANOVA & Dunnett’s multiple comparison test with 95% confidence level. Error bars represent s.e.m. Note the similar pattern among TRF1HP1 alpha alleles in c compared to the corresponding allele pattern in Fig. 4b Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30181605), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb110-57130_rabbit-polyclonal-trf-2-antibody-310202415284520.jpg)
![Chromatin Immunoprecipitation: TRF-2 Antibody - BSA Free [NB110-57130] - TRF2 peaks harbor G-quadruplex motifs genome-wide.A, schematic representation of a G4 motif; sequence pattern with loop/stem & PG4 motif formed by a tetrad of guanine trimers interspersed with loops that can vary in length. B & C, PG4 motifs & TRF2 peaks significantly overlap. High-confidence TRF2-binding sites (TRF2HC peaks) determined by ChIP-Seq in HT1080 cells were significantly enriched in PG4-motif sequences (B), & conversely, PG4-motif sequences were enriched within TRF2HC peaks (C). Nonoverlapping PG4 motifs were considered for analysis; for control analysis, 100 regions of identical length for each TRF2 peak were taken. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01 (Fisher's exact test). Error bars, S.D. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31575660), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb110-57130_rabbit-polyclonal-trf-2-antibody-31020241538415.jpg)
![Western Blot: TRF-2 Antibody - BSA Free [NB110-57130] - Repressive chromatin induced on p21 promoter in TRF2 dependent way. (A–C) Loss of chromatin activation marks H3K4Me, H3K4Me2 in stable TRF2 expressed HT1080 cells (A); increase in LSD1 occupancy in TRF2 over-expressing HT1080 cells. (B) (Full images are shown in Supplementary Figures S6 & S7); Co-immunoprecipitation of TRF2 with LSD1 (immunoprecipitation with anti-TRF2 antibody followed by immunoblotting with anti-LSD1 or anti-TRF2 antibody) (C); (D) Reverse Co-immunoprecipitation of LSD1 with TRF2 (immunoprecipitation with anti-LSD1 antibody followed by immunoblotting with anti-TRF2 antibody); (E) & reduced occupancy of the repressor complex REST, Co-REST & LSD1 on silencing TRF2 on p21 promoter. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-11177-1), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb110-57130_rabbit-polyclonal-trf-2-antibody-310202415392522.jpg)
![Western Blot: TRF-2 Antibody - BSA Free [NB110-57130] - TRF2 transcriptionally regulates p21 expression through promoter occupancy. (A) Quantitative ChIP using TRF2 antibody gives enriched binding of TRF2 on p21 promoter in HT1080 & MDA-MB-231 cells, IgG was used as isotypic antibody control; normalized with 10% input (data represented as mean ± SEM, for three replicates). (B,C) TRF2 represses p21 promoter activity. In luciferase assay, si-RNA-mediated silencing or TRF2 over expression resulted in increased (B, *p value < 0.05, Student’s t-test; data represented as mean ± SEM of three replicates) or reduction (C, *p value < 0.05, Student’s t-test; data represented as mean ± SEM of three replicates) in p21 promoter activity in HT1080 & MDA-MB-231 cells, respectively; over expression of TRF2 devoid of DNA binding [deletion of basic (delB), myb (delM) & both basic/myb (delB-delM) domains] resulted in partial or complete rescue of p21 promoter activity in HT1080 & MDA-MB-231 cells (data represented as mean ± SEM, for three replicates) (C). (D,E) HT1080 cells over expressing TRF2 show reduced p21 protein expression, bar graph shows the densitometry analysis of three different immunoblot replicates (*p value < 0.05, Student’s t-test; data represented as mean ± SEM of three replicates). (E) (Full images are shown in Supplementary Figure S5); TRF2 silencing results in increase in p21 protein, bar graph shows the densitometry analysis of three different immunoblots (*p value < 0.05, Student’s t-test; data represented as mean ± SEM of three replicates) (F); & mRNA expression in HT1080 cells (*p value < 0.05, Student’s t-test; data represented as mean ± SEM of three replicates, GAPDH used as internal control for real-time PCR). Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-11177-1), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb110-57130_rabbit-polyclonal-trf-2-antibody-31020241624926.jpg)
![Chromatin Immunoprecipitation: TRF-2 Antibody - BSA Free [NB110-57130] - TRF2 occupancy at gene promoters is sensitive to intracellular G-quadruplex–binding ligand 360A.A, TRF2 occupancy at gene promoter sites was checked by ChIP qRT-PCR in HT1080 cells following overexpression of TRF2 in the presence or absence of 360A. Error bars, S.D. from three independent experiments; CTCF promoter was used as a negative control. B, TRF2 level was checked by Western blotting in the presence of the ligand 360A in both untransfected & TRF2 transient overexpression conditions. Overexpression was also confirmed by probing for DDK tag. GAPDH was used as loading control. C, expression of target genes was analyzed by qRT-PCR in HT1080 cells following overexpression of TRF2 in the presence or absence of 360A. GAPDH expression was used for normalization; error bars, S.D. from three independent experiments. Statistical significance was calculated by paired t test (*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01). Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31575660), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb110-57130_rabbit-polyclonal-trf-2-antibody-3102024162491.jpg)
![Western Blot: TRF-2 Antibody - BSA Free [NB110-57130] - A. Co-IP analysis of the interaction between DSP & TRF2 in HEK293 cells & MCF-7 cells. B. Co-IP analysis of the interaction between DSP & TRF2 in DSP-EGFP transfected HEK293 cells or DSP△NLS-EGFP transfected HEK293 cells. C. DSP pull down by telomere targeting CASID with the condition of TRF2 knockdown in HEK293 cells. Histone H3 is the loading control. D.TRF1 & TRF2 pull-down assay by telomere targeting CASID with the condition of DSP knockdown in HEK293 cells. E. Left, Dot blot of telomere DNA repeats in chromatin pull down by DSP with the condition of TRF1 or TRF2 knockdown. The dot-blot was performed at least three times & the represented one is shown. Right, the histogram shows the quantitated results of the dot blots. The triple asterisks (***) indicates a p-value less than 0.01. ns. indicates the insignificance difference. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31595153), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb110-57130_rabbit-polyclonal-trf-2-antibody-310202416235527.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: TRF-2 Antibody - BSA Free [NB110-57130] - TERRA & telomere transcription in ALT cells.(a) TERRA northern blot hybridizations of RNA from the indicated cell lines (VA13: WI-38 VA13; 1.2.11: HeLa 1.2.11) pre-treated with RNaseA or left untreated. Ethidium bromide stained 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is shown to control for loading. Long TERRA molecules comprised between the wells of the gels (w) & 28S rRNA are indicated. (b) TERRA CpG-island promoter methylation analysis of the indicated cell lines. Genomic DNA was digested with the methylation sensitive restriction enzyme MspI or its methylation insensitive isoschizomer HpaII. DNA was hybridized using a radioactively labelled probe detecting TERRA promoter CpG-island repeats. Nomet: fragments corresponding to unmethylated restriction products. (c) Dot blot hybridization of DNA immunoprecipitated with antibodies against phosphorylated Serines S2 & S5 of RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain. Hybridizations were performed with a telomeric probe. Quantifications are shown at the bottom. (d) Bars & error bars are averages & s.d. from three independent experiments. (e) Examples of TERRA FISH in the indicated cells. TERRA is shown in red, DAPI-stained DNA in blue. Scale bar, 9 μm. (f) IF/FISH experiments in the indicated cell lines. TERRA is in red, TRF2 in green & PML in blue. In the merge panels, arrowheads point to nuclear foci where the three factors co-localize. Scale bar, 9 μm. (g) Information surface at 0.01 μm detail level of three TERRA-containing APBs. TERRA is in red, TRF2 in green & PML in cyan. Images were generated with Three-Dimensional Structured Illumination Microscopy (3D-SIM). Scale bars, 0.4 μm. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25330849), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb110-57130_rabbit-polyclonal-trf-2-antibody-310202416235545.jpg)
![Western Blot: TRF-2 Antibody - BSA Free [NB110-57130] - TRF2 occupancy at gene promoters is sensitive to intracellular G-quadruplex–binding ligand 360A.A, TRF2 occupancy at gene promoter sites was checked by ChIP qRT-PCR in HT1080 cells following overexpression of TRF2 in the presence or absence of 360A. Error bars, S.D. from three independent experiments; CTCF promoter was used as a negative control. B, TRF2 level was checked by Western blotting in the presence of the ligand 360A in both untransfected & TRF2 transient overexpression conditions. Overexpression was also confirmed by probing for DDK tag. GAPDH was used as loading control. C, expression of target genes was analyzed by qRT-PCR in HT1080 cells following overexpression of TRF2 in the presence or absence of 360A. GAPDH expression was used for normalization; error bars, S.D. from three independent experiments. Statistical significance was calculated by paired t test (*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01). Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31575660), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb110-57130_rabbit-polyclonal-trf-2-antibody-31020241624924.jpg)
![Western Blot: TRF-2 Antibody - BSA Free [NB110-57130] - A. Gene ontology analysis of proteins identified by CASID targeting telomeres. B. Western blot detection of TRF1, POT1, & DSP in the proteins pulled down by CASID with the presence of telo-sgRNA in HEK293 cells. Input represents the initial nuclear extract before the pull-down mediated by CASID. C. left, ChIP assay of telomere binding of TRF2 or DSP in MCF-7 cells & HEK293 cells. The chromatin DNA precipitated by anti-DSP & anti-TRF2 antibodies were analyzed by dot blot using the probes recognizing telomere (Telo-p) or Alu DNA repeats (Alu-p). The detection of Alu DNA repeats serves as negative control. The dot-blot was performed at least three times & the represented one is shown. Right, the histogram shows the quantitated results of the dot blots. The triple asterisks (***) indicates a p-value less than 0.01. D. Fluorescence imaging of DSP-EGFP in MCF-7 cells & U2OS cells. The EGFP signal indicates the localization of DSP-EGFP (green) & the Telo-FISH signal indicates the localization of telomeres (red). The overlapping between DSP-EGFP & Telo-FISH is in yellow as revealed in the enlarged nuclear area. The dCAS9-EGFP construct without telo-sgRNA was used for U2OS transfection & the imaging of EGFP serves as negative control. E. DSP localization in interphase & pro-metaphase nucleus. DSP-EGFP indicates the DSP locations & DAPI indicates the nucleus. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31595153), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb110-57130_rabbit-polyclonal-trf-2-antibody-31020241624912.jpg)
![Western Blot: TRF-2 Antibody - BSA Free [NB110-57130] - TRF2 interacts with lamin A/C.(a) Pull down of endogenous TRF2 in IMR90s. The top panel shows a blot probed for endogenous lamin A/C, & the bottom panel shows a blot with the same samples probed for TRF2. (b) Pull down of endogenously expressed lamin A/C in IMR90s. The top panel shows a blot probed for endogenous TRF2, & the bottom panel shows a blot with the same samples probed for endogenous lamin A/C. (c) Pull down of endogenous lamin A/C in IMR90s exogenously expressing GFP, GFP-TRF2, GFP-TRF delta B delta M or GFP-TRF1. The top panel shows a blot probed for GFP, & the bottom panel shows the same blot probed for lamin A/C. (d) Pull down of endogenous TRF2 in IMR90s exogenously expressing GFP, GFP-LMNA or progerin (GFP-LMNA delta 50). The top panel shows a blot probed for GFP, & the bottom panel shows the same blot probed for TRF2. Asterisks denote IgG bands. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25399868), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb110-57130_rabbit-polyclonal-trf-2-antibody-310202416235540.jpg)
![Western Blot: TRF-2 Antibody - BSA Free [NB110-57130] - Widespread dysregulation of shelterin protein expression in bortezomib-treated HEL & BGC-823 cellsA. & B. mRNA levels of shelterin factors TRF1, TRF2, TPP1, POT1, RAP1 & TIN2 in bortezomib-treated cells. Cells were treated with bortezomib for 24 hours & qPCR was used for quantitative assays. The levels of each target mRNA in bortezomib-treated cells were expressed as percentages of those in untreated cells. (A) HEL cells & (B) BGC-823 cells. C. & D. Immunoblotting assessment of TRF1, TRF2 & POT1 protein expression in bortezomib-treated cells. Same sets of cells above were analyzed for TRF1, TRF2 & POT1 protein levels & shown was representative of three independent experiments. (C) HEL cells & (D) BGC-823 cells. * & **: P < 0.05 & 0.01, respectively. BTZ, bortezomib. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//www.oncotarget.com/lookup/doi/10.18632/oncotarget.5752), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb110-57130_rabbit-polyclonal-trf-2-antibody-31020241623553.jpg)
![Western Blot: TRF-2 Antibody - BSA Free [NB110-57130] - A. Co-IP analysis of the interaction between DSP & TRF2 in HEK293 cells & MCF-7 cells. B. Co-IP analysis of the interaction between DSP & TRF2 in DSP-EGFP transfected HEK293 cells or DSP△NLS-EGFP transfected HEK293 cells. C. DSP pull down by telomere targeting CASID with the condition of TRF2 knockdown in HEK293 cells. Histone H3 is the loading control. D.TRF1 & TRF2 pull-down assay by telomere targeting CASID with the condition of DSP knockdown in HEK293 cells. E. Left, Dot blot of telomere DNA repeats in chromatin pull down by DSP with the condition of TRF1 or TRF2 knockdown. The dot-blot was performed at least three times & the represented one is shown. Right, the histogram shows the quantitated results of the dot blots. The triple asterisks (***) indicates a p-value less than 0.01. ns. indicates the insignificance difference. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31595153), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb110-57130_rabbit-polyclonal-trf-2-antibody-31020241624919.jpg)
![Western Blot: TRF-2 Antibody - BSA Free [NB110-57130] - Telomere deprotection contributes to replication stress lethality. a Western blots of whole cell extracts from HT1080 6TG cells stably transduced with control, TRF2 shRNA (TRF sh-F) or TRF2 over expression (TRF2OE) vectors. b Representative images of cyto-centrifuged chromosome spreads stained with DAPI (blue), gamma -H2AX IF (red) & telomere PNA (green) from control, TRF sh-F or TRF2OE HT1080 6TG cells treated with DMSO or APH. Scale bar represents 10 µm. c, d Quantitation of mitotic telomere DDR foci from Control sh & TRF2 sh-F cells (c) or vector & TRF2OE cells (d) ± DMSO or APH (three biological replicates scoring n = 50 mitotic spreads per replicate compiled in a Tukey box plot, Mann–Whitney test). e Difference in the mean number of mitotic telomeric gamma -H2AX foci between HT1080 6TG TRF2 sh-F or TRF2OE cells & their appropriate vector control. These are a different representation of the same data shown in (c, d) (mean ± s.e.m., n = 3 three biological replications, Student’s t-test). f Mitotic duration to cell death in APH treated control, TRF2 sh-F & or TRF2OE cells (three biological replicates scoring ≥267 mitotic death events per condition are shown in a dot plot, mean ± s.e.m., Mann–Whitney test). g Mitotic outcome of control, TRF2 sh-F & TRF2OE cells treated with APH or DMSO (mean ± s.e.m., n = 3 biological replicates of at least 267 mitoses per condition, Fisher’s Exact Test). For all panels, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01. Source data are provided as a Source Data file Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31530811), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb110-57130_rabbit-polyclonal-trf-2-antibody-310202416235510.jpg)
![Western Blot: TRF-2 Antibody - BSA Free [NB110-57130] - A. Co-IP analysis of the interaction between DSP & TRF2 in HEK293 cells & MCF-7 cells. B. Co-IP analysis of the interaction between DSP & TRF2 in DSP-EGFP transfected HEK293 cells or DSP△NLS-EGFP transfected HEK293 cells. C. DSP pull down by telomere targeting CASID with the condition of TRF2 knockdown in HEK293 cells. Histone H3 is the loading control. D.TRF1 & TRF2 pull-down assay by telomere targeting CASID with the condition of DSP knockdown in HEK293 cells. E. Left, Dot blot of telomere DNA repeats in chromatin pull down by DSP with the condition of TRF1 or TRF2 knockdown. The dot-blot was performed at least three times & the represented one is shown. Right, the histogram shows the quantitated results of the dot blots. The triple asterisks (***) indicates a p-value less than 0.01. ns. indicates the insignificance difference. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31595153), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb110-57130_rabbit-polyclonal-trf-2-antibody-31020241624913.jpg)
![Western Blot: TRF-2 Antibody - BSA Free [NB110-57130] - A. TRF2 or DSP1 pull down by telomere targeting CASID with the condition of MST-312 treatment (left) or hTERT knockdown (right) in MDA-MB-231cells. B. Southern blot of telomere DNA from MDA-MB-231cells treated with MST-312 or with hTERT knockdown. C. Top, Dot blot of telomere DNA repeats from the chromatin pull down by DSP from the cells treated by MST-312 (left) or hTERT knockdown (right). Alu DNA repeats serve as negative control. Bottom, the histogram shows the quantitated results of the dot blots. The triple asterisks (***) indicates a p-value less than 0.01. D. Fluorescence image of DSP-EGFP transfected MDA-MB-231 cells with the conditions of MST-312 treatment or hTERT knockdown. E. Pull down assay of DSP by CASID targeting telomere in WI38 cells with or without ectopically expression of hTERT gene. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31595153), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb110-57130_rabbit-polyclonal-trf-2-antibody-31020241624911.jpg)
![Western Blot: TRF-2 Antibody - BSA Free [NB110-57130] - Attenuation of bortezomib-induced shelterin protein dysregulation by hTERT over-expressionA. & B. Cells expressing ectopic hTERT were treated with bortezomib for 24 hours & mRNA levels of shelterin proteins then analyzed using qPCR. The levels of each target mRNA in bortezomib-treated cells were expressed as percentages of those in untreated cells. (A) HEL-hTERT cells & (B) BGC-823-hTERT cells. C. & D. Immunoblotting assessment of TRF1, TRF2 & POT1 protein expression in bortezomib-treated cells. Same sets of cells above were analyzed for TRF1, TRF2 & POT1 protein levels & shown was representative of three independent experiments. (C) HEL-hTERT cells & (D) BGC-823-hTERT cells.* & **: P < 0.05 & 0.01, respectively. BTZ, bortezomib. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//www.oncotarget.com/lookup/doi/10.18632/oncotarget.5752), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb110-57130_rabbit-polyclonal-trf-2-antibody-310202416235549.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: TRF-2 Antibody - BSA Free [NB110-57130] - RNaseH1 depletion leads to RPA activation at ALT telomeres.(a) HeLa & U2OS cells were transfected with the indicated siRNAs & 48 & 72 h later protein extracts were prepared. Western blot analysis was performed using antibodies against RNaseH1, RPA32 phosphorylated at Serine 33 (pSer33), total RPA32 & KAP1 (loading control). The asterisk indicates a cross-reacting band. Cells treated for 6 h with 5 mM hydroxyurea (HU) were used as controls for pSer33 activation. (b) SiRNA transfected cells were subjected to indirect immunofluorescence using antibodies against TRF2 (to visualize telomeres; red) & pSer33 (green). DNA was counterstained with DAPI (blue). Arrows point to examples of pSer33 foci co-localizing with TRF2 (TIFs). Scale bar, 9 μm. Cells treated for 6 h with 5 mM HU were used as controls for pSer33 activation. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25330849), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb110-57130_rabbit-polyclonal-trf-2-antibody-310202416235532.jpg)
![Western Blot: TRF-2 Antibody - BSA Free [NB110-57130] - TRF2 interacts with lamin A/C.(a) Pull down of endogenous TRF2 in IMR90s. The top panel shows a blot probed for endogenous lamin A/C, & the bottom panel shows a blot with the same samples probed for TRF2. (b) Pull down of endogenously expressed lamin A/C in IMR90s. The top panel shows a blot probed for endogenous TRF2, & the bottom panel shows a blot with the same samples probed for endogenous lamin A/C. (c) Pull down of endogenous lamin A/C in IMR90s exogenously expressing GFP, GFP-TRF2, GFP-TRF delta B delta M or GFP-TRF1. The top panel shows a blot probed for GFP, & the bottom panel shows the same blot probed for lamin A/C. (d) Pull down of endogenous TRF2 in IMR90s exogenously expressing GFP, GFP-LMNA or progerin (GFP-LMNA delta 50). The top panel shows a blot probed for GFP, & the bottom panel shows the same blot probed for TRF2. Asterisks denote IgG bands. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25399868), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb110-57130_rabbit-polyclonal-trf-2-antibody-31020241624921.jpg)
![Western Blot: TRF-2 Antibody - BSA Free [NB110-57130] - Widespread dysregulation of shelterin protein expression in bortezomib-treated HEL & BGC-823 cellsA. & B. mRNA levels of shelterin factors TRF1, TRF2, TPP1, POT1, RAP1 & TIN2 in bortezomib-treated cells. Cells were treated with bortezomib for 24 hours & qPCR was used for quantitative assays. The levels of each target mRNA in bortezomib-treated cells were expressed as percentages of those in untreated cells. (A) HEL cells & (B) BGC-823 cells. C. & D. Immunoblotting assessment of TRF1, TRF2 & POT1 protein expression in bortezomib-treated cells. Same sets of cells above were analyzed for TRF1, TRF2 & POT1 protein levels & shown was representative of three independent experiments. (C) HEL cells & (D) BGC-823 cells. * & **: P < 0.05 & 0.01, respectively. BTZ, bortezomib. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//www.oncotarget.com/lookup/doi/10.18632/oncotarget.5752), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb110-57130_rabbit-polyclonal-trf-2-antibody-310202416235531.jpg)
![Western Blot: TRF-2 Antibody - BSA Free [NB110-57130] - TRF2 interacts with lamin A/C.(a) Pull down of endogenous TRF2 in IMR90s. The top panel shows a blot probed for endogenous lamin A/C, & the bottom panel shows a blot with the same samples probed for TRF2. (b) Pull down of endogenously expressed lamin A/C in IMR90s. The top panel shows a blot probed for endogenous TRF2, & the bottom panel shows a blot with the same samples probed for endogenous lamin A/C. (c) Pull down of endogenous lamin A/C in IMR90s exogenously expressing GFP, GFP-TRF2, GFP-TRF delta B delta M or GFP-TRF1. The top panel shows a blot probed for GFP, & the bottom panel shows the same blot probed for lamin A/C. (d) Pull down of endogenous TRF2 in IMR90s exogenously expressing GFP, GFP-LMNA or progerin (GFP-LMNA delta 50). The top panel shows a blot probed for GFP, & the bottom panel shows the same blot probed for TRF2. Asterisks denote IgG bands. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25399868), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb110-57130_rabbit-polyclonal-trf-2-antibody-3102024162490.jpg)
![Western Blot: TRF-2 Antibody - BSA Free [NB110-57130] - TRF2 transcriptionally regulates p21 expression through promoter occupancy. (A) Quantitative ChIP using TRF2 antibody gives enriched binding of TRF2 on p21 promoter in HT1080 & MDA-MB-231 cells, IgG was used as isotypic antibody control; normalized with 10% input (data represented as mean ± SEM, for three replicates). (B,C) TRF2 represses p21 promoter activity. In luciferase assay, si-RNA-mediated silencing or TRF2 over expression resulted in increased (B, *p value < 0.05, Student’s t-test; data represented as mean ± SEM of three replicates) or reduction (C, *p value < 0.05, Student’s t-test; data represented as mean ± SEM of three replicates) in p21 promoter activity in HT1080 & MDA-MB-231 cells, respectively; over expression of TRF2 devoid of DNA binding [deletion of basic (delB), myb (delM) & both basic/myb (delB-delM) domains] resulted in partial or complete rescue of p21 promoter activity in HT1080 & MDA-MB-231 cells (data represented as mean ± SEM, for three replicates) (C). (D,E) HT1080 cells over expressing TRF2 show reduced p21 protein expression, bar graph shows the densitometry analysis of three different immunoblot replicates (*p value < 0.05, Student’s t-test; data represented as mean ± SEM of three replicates). (E) (Full images are shown in Supplementary Figure S5); TRF2 silencing results in increase in p21 protein, bar graph shows the densitometry analysis of three different immunoblots (*p value < 0.05, Student’s t-test; data represented as mean ± SEM of three replicates) (F); & mRNA expression in HT1080 cells (*p value < 0.05, Student’s t-test; data represented as mean ± SEM of three replicates, GAPDH used as internal control for real-time PCR). Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-11177-1), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb110-57130_rabbit-polyclonal-trf-2-antibody-310202416235546.jpg)
![Western Blot: TRF-2 Antibody - BSA Free [NB110-57130] - TRF2 transcriptionally regulates p21 expression through promoter occupancy. (A) Quantitative ChIP using TRF2 antibody gives enriched binding of TRF2 on p21 promoter in HT1080 & MDA-MB-231 cells, IgG was used as isotypic antibody control; normalized with 10% input (data represented as mean ± SEM, for three replicates). (B,C) TRF2 represses p21 promoter activity. In luciferase assay, si-RNA-mediated silencing or TRF2 over expression resulted in increased (B, *p value < 0.05, Student’s t-test; data represented as mean ± SEM of three replicates) or reduction (C, *p value < 0.05, Student’s t-test; data represented as mean ± SEM of three replicates) in p21 promoter activity in HT1080 & MDA-MB-231 cells, respectively; over expression of TRF2 devoid of DNA binding [deletion of basic (delB), myb (delM) & both basic/myb (delB-delM) domains] resulted in partial or complete rescue of p21 promoter activity in HT1080 & MDA-MB-231 cells (data represented as mean ± SEM, for three replicates) (C). (D,E) HT1080 cells over expressing TRF2 show reduced p21 protein expression, bar graph shows the densitometry analysis of three different immunoblot replicates (*p value < 0.05, Student’s t-test; data represented as mean ± SEM of three replicates). (E) (Full images are shown in Supplementary Figure S5); TRF2 silencing results in increase in p21 protein, bar graph shows the densitometry analysis of three different immunoblots (*p value < 0.05, Student’s t-test; data represented as mean ± SEM of three replicates) (F); & mRNA expression in HT1080 cells (*p value < 0.05, Student’s t-test; data represented as mean ± SEM of three replicates, GAPDH used as internal control for real-time PCR). Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-11177-1), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb110-57130_rabbit-polyclonal-trf-2-antibody-31020241624927.jpg)
![Western Blot: TRF-2 Antibody - BSA Free [NB110-57130] - Attenuation of bortezomib-induced shelterin protein dysregulation by hTERT over-expressionA. & B. Cells expressing ectopic hTERT were treated with bortezomib for 24 hours & mRNA levels of shelterin proteins then analyzed using qPCR. The levels of each target mRNA in bortezomib-treated cells were expressed as percentages of those in untreated cells. (A) HEL-hTERT cells & (B) BGC-823-hTERT cells. C. & D. Immunoblotting assessment of TRF1, TRF2 & POT1 protein expression in bortezomib-treated cells. Same sets of cells above were analyzed for TRF1, TRF2 & POT1 protein levels & shown was representative of three independent experiments. (C) HEL-hTERT cells & (D) BGC-823-hTERT cells.* & **: P < 0.05 & 0.01, respectively. BTZ, bortezomib. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//www.oncotarget.com/lookup/doi/10.18632/oncotarget.5752), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb110-57130_rabbit-polyclonal-trf-2-antibody-310202416235529.jpg)
![Simple Western: TRF-2 Antibody (4A794.15) [NB100-56506] - Image shows a specific band for TRF2 in 1.0 mg/mL of HeLa lysate. This experiment was performed under reducing conditions using the 12-230 kDa separation system. Non-specific interaction with the 230 kDa Simple Western standard may be seen with this antibody.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/TRF-2-Antibody-4A794-15-Simple-Western-NB100-56506-img0010.jpg "Simple Western: TRF-2 Antibody (4A794.15) [NB100-56506] - Image shows a specific band for TRF2 in 1.0 mg/mL of HeLa lysate. This experiment was performed under reducing conditions using the 12-230 kDa separation system. Non-specific interaction with the 230 kDa Simple Western standard may be seen with this antibody.")
![Western Blot: TRF-2 Antibody (4A794.15) [NB100-56506] - Analysis in human Jurkat cell lysate at 2 ug/mL. Goat anti-mouse Ig HRP secondary antibody and PicoTect ECL substrate solution were used.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/TRF-2-Antibody-4A794-15-Western-Blot-NB100-56506-img0008.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: TRF-2 Antibody (4A794.15) [NB100-56506] - Transitional cell carcinoma, urinary bladder, stained with TRF2 antibody (4 ug/mL), peroxidase-conjugate and DAB chromogen. Note specific nuclear staining. Tumor/normal adjacent tissue array slide was used for this test. Staining of formalin-fixed tissues is enhanced by boiling tissue sections in 10 mM sodium citrate buffer, pH 6.0 for 10-20 min followed by cooling at RT for 20 min.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/TRF-2-Antibody-4A794-15-Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin-NB100-56506-img0012.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: TRF-2 Antibody (4A794.15) [NB100-56506] - Localization of candidate RNAs at telomeres. Localization of SNORD17 at telomeres in human U-2 OS cells. Cells were fixed and sequentially incubated with Abs against TRF-2 and AlexaFluor 488-conjugated anti-mouse IgG. Subsequently, the cells were hybridized with the RNA probes and subjected to fluorescence microscopy. Three different cells are shown. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0123387), licensed under a CC-BY license.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/TRF-2-Antibody-4A794-15-Immunocytochemistry-Immunofluorescence-NB100-56506-img0018.jpg)
![Flow Cytometry: TRF-2 Antibody (4A794.15) [NB100-56506] - Intracellular flow cytometric analysis of TRF2 in 10^6 human Jurkat cells using 0.1 ug of NB100-56506. The shaded histogram represents cells alone, blue represents isotype control and red represents NB100-56506, anti-TRF2.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/TRF-2-Antibody-4A794-15-Flow-Cytometry-NB100-56506-img0001.jpg)
![Western Blot: TRF-2 Antibody (4A794.15) [NB100-56506] - Total protein from mouse 3T3 cells was separated on a 12% gel by SDS-PAGE, transferred to PVDF membrane and blocked in 5% non-fat milk in TBST. The membrane was probed with 2.0 ug/mL anti-TRF2 in 1% non-fat milk in TBST and detected with an anti-mouse HRP secondary antibody using chemiluminescence.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/TRF-2-Antibody-4A794-15-Western-Blot-NB100-56506-img0016.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: TRF-2 Antibody (4A794.15) [NB100-56506] - Localization of candidate RNAs at telomeres. Localization of NEAT1 at telomeres in human U-2 OS cells. Cells were fixed and sequentially incubated with Abs against TRF-2 and AlexaFluor 488-conjugated anti-mouse IgG. Subsequently, the cells were hybridized with the RNA probes and subjected to fluorescence microscopy. Three different cells are shown. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0123387), licensed under a CC-BY license.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/TRF-2-Antibody-4A794-15-Immunocytochemistry-Immunofluorescence-NB100-56506-img0019.jpg)
![Flow Cytometry: TRF-2 Antibody (4A794.15) [NB100-56506] - An intracellular stain was performed on A431 cells with TRF2 Antibody [4A794.15] NB100-56506 (blue) and a matched isotype control (orange). Cells were fixed with 4% PFA and then permeabilized with 0.1% saponin. Cells were incubated in an antibody dilution of 1.0 ug/mL for 30 minutes at room temperature, followed by Mouse IgG (H+L) Cross-Adsorbed Secondary Antibody, Dylight 550 (35503, Thermo Fisher).](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/TRF-2-Antibody-4A794-15-Flow-Cytometry-NB100-56506-img0020.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: TRF-2 Antibody (4A794.15) [NB100-56506] - Staining of TRF2-bound telomeres in human HeLa cells (Courtesy of Fotiadou, et al, 2004).](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/TRF-2-Antibody-4A794-15-Immunocytochemistry-Immunofluorescence-NB100-56506-img0005.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: TRF-2 Antibody (4A794.15) [NB100-56506] - HeLa cells were fixed for 10 minutes using 10% formalin and then permeabilized for 5 minutes using 1X PBS + 0.5% Triton-X100. The cells were incubated with anti-TRF-2 (4A794.15) conjugated to FITC [NB100-56506F] at 5 ug/mL for 1 hour at room temperature. Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (Blue). Cells were imaged using a 40X objective.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/TRF-2-Antibody-4A794-15-Immunocytochemistry-Immunofluorescence-NB100-56506-img0017.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: TRF-2 Antibody (4A794.15) - BSA Free [NB100-56506] - ZBTB48‐dependent loss of MTFP1 phenocopies MTFP1 depletionFluorescence microscopy analysis of the structure & localization of the mitochondrial network in HeLa WT & ZBTB48 KO clones. Mitochondria are marked with the MitoTracker dye (red), & nuclei are counterstained with DAPI (blue). Scale bars represent 20 μm.The same analysis as in (A) for U2OS WT & ZBTB48 KO clones. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28500257), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-56506_mouse-monoclonal-trf-2-antibody-4a794-15-31020241534325.jpg)
![Western Blot: TRF-2 Antibody (4A794.15) - BSA Free [NB100-56506] - TRF2 delta B delta M expression induces chromosome end-to-end fusions in all inducible cell lines(A) Immunoblots of MCF-10A, TO, SH-TO & SV-TO cell lines with & without DOX & HEK 293T. After 96 h of DOX treatment, the inducible cell lines expressed the truncated TRF2 delta B delta M protein (50 kDa); in contrast, uninduced cell lines, MCF-10A parental cell line & HEK 293T cells displayed only the endogen TRF2 protein (66 kDa). Lamin B1 was used as loading control. (B) After sustained expression of TRF2 delta B delta M for 96 h there was a significant increase in aberrant metaphases only in TO cells when compared to uninduced matched cells. (C) Nevertheless, the efficacy of the inducible system was validated by the statistical increase of cells with end-to-end fusions in all inducible cell lines. (D) Moreover, a high incidence of fusions per cell was found in all modified cell lines after sustained TRF2 depletion. Data was presented as mean + SEM. (E) Example of TO, SH-TO & SV-TO karyotypes after 96 h of TRF2 delta B delta M expression. Open arrows indicate clonal aberrations in the parental MCF-10A cell line. Insets in the karyotype show rearranged chromosomes stained with centromeric (green) & telomeric (red) PNA probes. Note the presence of telomere FISH signals at the fusion point of chromatid- or chromosome-type end-to-end fusions. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//www.oncotarget.com/lookup/doi/10.18632/oncotarget.25502), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-56506_mouse-monoclonal-trf-2-antibody-4a794-15-31020241682158.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: TRF-2 Antibody (4A794.15) - BSA Free [NB100-56506] - ZBTB48 ZnF11 necessary to bind to telomeres. Sequence‐specific DNA pull‐downs w/ either telomeric (TTAGGG)/a control sequence (GTGAGT) for FLAG‐ZBTB48 WT, domain deletion constructs for different zinc finger & combinations of deletion constructs w/ ZnF10/11 point mutants. Domain structures indicated - right.Sequence‐specific DNA pull‐downs for FLAG‐ZBTB48 WT & ZnF11 point mutant for telomeric repeat sequences of different phyla (green) & their respective scrambled controls (blue).Protein expression analysis of ZBTB48 by WB for cell lines used. GAPDH serves as a loading control.IF stainings for exogenous FLAG‐ZBTB48 WT & point mutants for ZnF10 & ZnF11 in U2OS cells. The same analysis as in Fig 1E performed & average co‐localization frequencies shown (n = 24–37 cells).Co‐localization analysis of endogenous ZBTB48/exogenous FLAG‐ZBTB48 WT w/ TRF2 in HeLa cells by IF (IF) staining. Image illustrating co‐localization between ZBTB48/FLAG‐ZBTB48 WT (green) & TRF2 (red) as a marker for telomeres is shown w/ DAPI (blue) used as nuclear counterstain. Co‐localization events indicated by white arrows. Quantification of frequency of co‐localization events (right) done after 3D reconstruction of acquired z‐stacks (n = 30 cells).Co‐localization analysis of endogenous ZBTB48/exogenous FLAG‐ZBTB48 WT w/ TRF2 in HeLa 1.3 cells by IF (IF) staining analogous to (E) (n = 30 cells).Co‐localization analysis of endogenous ZBTB48/exogenous FLAG‐ZBTB48 WT w/ TRF2 in HT1080 super‐telomerase cells by IF (IF) staining analogous to (E) (n = 30 cells).Data information: (D–G) Scale bars = 5 μm. Error bars indicate standard deviations, & P‐values based on Student's t‐test.Source data available online for this figure. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28500257), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-56506_mouse-monoclonal-trf-2-antibody-4a794-15-31020241553721.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: SCP3/SYCP3 Antibody [NB300-232] - Chromosome spread for sycp3. ICC/IF image submitted by a verified customer review.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/SCP3-SYCP3-Antibody-Immunocytochemistry-Immunofluorescence-NB300-232-img0013.jpg "Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: SCP3/SYCP3 Antibody [NB300-232] - Chromosome spread for sycp3. ICC/IF image submitted by a verified customer review.")
![Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: SCP3/SYCP3 Antibody [NB300-232] - IHC analysis of a formalin fixed and paraffin embedded tissue section of Mouse testis using SCP3 antibody at 1:1000 dilution. The signal was detected using HRP-DAB detection method and the nuclei were counterstained with hematoxylin. The antibody generated a specific signal of SCP3 in the spermatogonial cells and the spermatocytes. The signal was strongest in the nuclei of spermatogonial cells.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/SCP3-SYCP3-Antibody-Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin-NB300-232-img0011.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: SCP3/SYCP3 Antibody [NB300-232] - Exposure to DEHP impairs meiotic progression of oocytes from pachytene to diplotene. Immunolabeling of the oocyte chromosomes with anti-SYCP3 antibody (red) and Hoechst 33342 (blue). All experiments were repeated at least three times independently. (* P600 spermatocytes in each stage. b, c The immunostaining of SYCP3 in the testicular sections (b) & surface-spread chromatin preparations of Uhrf1 deletion & control mice (c); d the percentage of spermatocytes with abnormal SYCP3 location. e Double immunofluorescence of testicular spread preparations of the adult mice, SYCP3 (green) & SYCP1 (red). f The percentage of spermatocytes with abnormal SYCP1 location. Lep leptotene, Zyg zygotene, Pac pachytene, Dip diplotene. Data are presented as mean ± SEM of three mice. ***p ≤ 0.001. Scale bar, 25 μm in b, 5 μm in c, e. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32081844), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb300-232_rabbit-polyclonal-scp3-sycp3-antibody-31020241621832.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: SCP3/SYCP3 Antibody - BSA Free [NB300-232] - Dynamic expression of germ cell markers in human fetal ovaries. (A) Histological sections of human ovaries at W10.5, W14, W17 & W21.5, immunostained for the early germ cell marker (nuclear) POU5F1 (red) & late germ cell marker (cytoplasmic) DDX4 (green). In zone 1, most germ cells are POU5F1+DDX4−/low; in zone 2 & 3, most germ cells are DDX4+. Several germ cells in zone 3 have developed into primordial follicles. Inserts are magnifications of the dotted boxes. (B) Histological sections of human ovaries at W10.5, W14, W17 & W21.5, immunostained for the meiotic markers H2AFX (red) & SYCP3 (green). Inserts are magnifications of the dotted boxes. Note the presence of autofluorescent red blood cells. Scale bars are 200 µm & in the magnified inserts 20 µm. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26834021), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb300-232_rabbit-polyclonal-scp3-sycp3-antibody-31020241620376.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: SCP3/SYCP3 Antibody - BSA Free [NB300-232] - CYP51 regulates the expression of the meiosis-specific cohesin subunits REC8 & STAG3. (A,B) RS21745 treatment decreased REC8 & STAG3 expression. Ovaries at 14.5 dpc were cultured with 10 μM RS21745 for 3 days in vitro. (A) Expression of the cohesin subunits following RS21745 treatment by qRT-PCR. All qRT-PCR values were normalized to beta -actin & were expressed as a relative ratio to the control; the means±s.e.m. of 3 values are shown. (B) Expression of REC8 & STAG3 following RS21745 treatment by western blotting GAPDH was used as internal reference. (C–F) Inhibition of CYP51 disturbed the distribution of both REC8 & STAG3 on the chromosomes. (C,E) In the control groups, REC8 & STAG3 expression was observed at high levels in zygotene oocytes. In the CYP51 inhibition groups, the cohesin signals were absent in zygotene cells. (D,F) The percentage of REC8-positive or STAG3-positive oocytes at the zygotene stage was recorded. Unidentified germ cells were not included in the analyses. Scale bars: 10 μm. The data are presented as the means±s.e.m. of 3–9 ovaries per group. Asterisk (*) denotes a statistically significant difference between the control & the treatment groups. ***P<0.001 (t-test). Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30420384), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb300-232_rabbit-polyclonal-scp3-sycp3-antibody-310202416212332.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: SCP3/SYCP3 Antibody - BSA Free [NB300-232] - Induction of meiosis is compromised in the cortical germ cells of D17 embryos subject to oestrogen level alterations. (A) D17 (HH43) left gonad sections immunostained for gamma H2AX (green) & P63 (red); nuclei are counterstained with DAPI (blue). (B) Sections from the D17 (HH43) left gonad shown in A immunostained for gamma H2AX (green) & SYCP3 (red). ZW-WT, ZW wild type; ZW-Fa, ZW treated with fadrozole from D7-7.5 (HH31); ZW-E2, ZW treated with beta -oestradiol at D7-7.5; ZZ-E2, ZZ treated with beta -oestradiol at D7-7.5; ZW-Fa(sr), ZW, partially sex-reversed gonad, treated with fadrozole at D4; ZZ-E2(sr), ZZ, partially sex-reversed gonad, treated with beta -oestradiol at D4. All gonadal models have a cortical domain containing germ cells. In ZW-Fa ovary & ZW-E2 ovary, most cortical germ cells express SYCP3 like the ZW-WT control. In ZW-Fa(sr) ovotestis, very few germ cells express gamma H2AX & SYCP3 (orange dotted circled areas). In ZZ-E2(sr) ovotestis & ZZ-E2 testis overlain by a cortex, some cortical germ cells express gamma H2AX but none expresses SYCP3. White dotted line highlights the cortical domain borders. See Fig. S4 for the medullary structure of the ZZ-E2, ZW-Fa(sr) & ZZ-E2(sr) models. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32001442), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb300-232_rabbit-polyclonal-scp3-sycp3-antibody-310202416212348.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: SCP3/SYCP3 Antibody - BSA Free [NB300-232] - Exposure to DEHP impairs meiotic progression of oocytes from pachytene to diplotene. (a) Immunolabeling of the oocyte chromosomes with anti-SYCP3 antibody (red) & Hoechst 33342 (blue). (b) Effect of DEHP on meiotic progression of oocytes throughout prophase I stages; percentage of each group is presented as mean±SD. Control: 36.27±0.80% pachytene & 54.99±0.66% diplotene; 10 μM & 100 μM DEHP 57.79±4.22% & 56.62±6.62% pachytene & 39.79±4.22% & 36.62±6.62% diplotene, respectively. (c) Representative WB showing the effect of DEHP on the expression of germ cell (DAZL) & meiotic (STRA8 & SCP3) specific proteins. (d) Effect of DEHP on the levels of mRNA in the ovarian tissues of germ cell (Mvh & Dazl), meiotic (Stra8, Rec8, Scp1 & Scp3). All experiments were repeated at least three times independently. (* P<0.05; ** P<0.01) Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28771232), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb300-232_rabbit-polyclonal-scp3-sycp3-antibody-310202416212391.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: SCP3/SYCP3 Antibody - BSA Free [NB300-232] - Loss of lamin C2 has no effect on meiotic telomere attachment.(A) 3D-preserved swab preparations showing wildtype (A) & knockout (A′) spermatocytes simultaneously labelled with anti-TRF1 & SUN1 antibodies. As in the wildtype, in lamin C2−/− spermatocytes virtual all telomeres appear to be attached to the NE as indicated by co-localisation of TRF1 & SUN1 signals. Scale bars 5 µm. (B) Quantifications of co-localised & non-co-localised TRF1/SUN1 signals (see A) revealed that ratios of co-localised to non-co-localised spots comparing wildtype & knockout spermatocytes show no significant difference (wildtype n = 33; lamin C2−/− n = 45; Pearson's Chi2 test p-value: 0.799). (C,D) Chromosome spread preparations of pachytene-like lamin C2−/− spermatocytes showing that all telomeres are associated with SUN1. In (C) TeloFISH & in (D) anti-SUN1 staining in co-localisation with SYCP3. Scale bars 10 µm. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1003261), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb300-232_rabbit-polyclonal-scp3-sycp3-antibody-310202416212363.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry: SCP3/SYCP3 Antibody - BSA Free [NB300-232] - FANCM expression in human fetal ovaries.(A) Relative FANCM mRNA abundance was measured by RT-qPCR in human fetal ovaries from 5 to 32 weeks post-fertilization (wpf). (B) Germ cells (D2-40+) & somatic cells (D2-40-) were sorted from three ovaries ranging from 8 to 12 wpf & FANCM expression was measured. ACTB was used to normalize FANCM expression in all samples. Dots represent different ovaries & the mean is indicated by the line. (C) Immunohistochemistry of FANCM in human fetal & adult ovaries. Fetal ovaries at 8 & 22 wpf & adult ovaries were studied. FANCM positive cells appear in yellow/brown color (monoclonal FANCM CV5.1 antibody, Novus Biologicals, Abingdon, UK). Ovarian sections were counterstained with hematoxylin (blue staining). Oo, oogonia; Pa, oocyte at the pachytene stage of meiosis I, D, oocyte at the diplotene stage of meiosis I; Pr, oocyte in primordial follicle. (D) Co-staining in 22 wpf ovaries, for FANCM (purple) & DDX4 (brown) confirmed the germ cell identity of FANCM-positive cells (left). Successive staining for FANCM & SYCP3 in the same section (panels a & b). Negative control performed with non-immune mouse IgG (right). Scale bar: 10 μm. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29231814), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb300-232_rabbit-polyclonal-scp3-sycp3-antibody-3102024162184.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: SCP3/SYCP3 Antibody - BSA Free [NB300-232] - Loss of lamin C2 has no effect on meiotic telomere attachment.(A) 3D-preserved swab preparations showing wildtype (A) & knockout (A′) spermatocytes simultaneously labelled with anti-TRF1 & SUN1 antibodies. As in the wildtype, in lamin C2−/− spermatocytes virtual all telomeres appear to be attached to the NE as indicated by co-localisation of TRF1 & SUN1 signals. Scale bars 5 µm. (B) Quantifications of co-localised & non-co-localised TRF1/SUN1 signals (see A) revealed that ratios of co-localised to non-co-localised spots comparing wildtype & knockout spermatocytes show no significant difference (wildtype n = 33; lamin C2−/− n = 45; Pearson's Chi2 test p-value: 0.799). (C,D) Chromosome spread preparations of pachytene-like lamin C2−/− spermatocytes showing that all telomeres are associated with SUN1. In (C) TeloFISH & in (D) anti-SUN1 staining in co-localisation with SYCP3. Scale bars 10 µm. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1003261), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb300-232_rabbit-polyclonal-scp3-sycp3-antibody-310202416212314.jpg)
![Simple Western: SCP1 Antibody [NB300-229] - Simple Western lane view shows a specific band for SCP1 in 0.5 mg/ml of Human Testis (left) and Mouse Testis (right) lysate. This experiment was performed under reducing conditions using the 12-230 kDa separation system.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/SCP1-Antibody-Simple-Western-NB300-229-img0010.jpg "Simple Western: SCP1 Antibody [NB300-229] - Simple Western lane view shows a specific band for SCP1 in 0.5 mg/ml of Human Testis (left) and Mouse Testis (right) lysate. This experiment was performed under reducing conditions using the 12-230 kDa separation system.")
![Western Blot: SCP1 Antibody [NB300-229] - Meiotic chromosome spreads from wild type and Fance mutant (MT) primary spermatocytes isolated from the testes at 20 dpp. Each chromatin spread was staged by analyzing SYCP3 (red) and SYCP1 (green), which are axial element and central region components of the synaptonemal complex respectively. Most of the Fance mutant spermatocytes displayed normal synapsis (middle panels); however a sub-set displayed synapsis abnormalities including an association between non-homologous chromosome ends (arrow head) and abnormal SYCP3 structures (arrows). Dearth and Delayed Maturation of Testicular Germ Cells in Fanconi Anemia E Mutant Male Mice. PLoS One (2016)](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/SCP1-Antibody-Western-Blot-NB300-229-img0014.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: SCP1 Antibody - BSA Free [NB300-229] - Double immunofluorescence of testicular spread preparations of the adult mice, SYCP3 (green) and SCP1 (red). Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32081844/) licensed under a CC-BY license.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/SCP1-Antibody---BSA-Free-Immunocytochemistry-Immunofluorescence-NB300-229-img0017.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: SCP1 Antibody [NB300-229] - Punctate staining of murine SCP1 in mouse ovary using NB300-229.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/SCP1-Antibody-Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin-NB300-229-img0008.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: SCP1 Antibody [NB300-229] - SCP1 labeled in mouse pachytene preparation (red), using NB300-229. CDK2 staining, near teleomeres, is also present (green).](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/SCP1-Antibody-Immunocytochemistry-Immunofluorescence-NB300-229-img0007.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: SCP1 Antibody [NB300-229] - Spermatocytes cells fixed in PFA. Detected with anti-mouse 594. ICC/IF image submitted by a verified customer review.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/SCP1-Antibody-Immunocytochemistry-Immunofluorescence-NB300-229-img0012.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: SCP1 Antibody [NB300-229] - Mouse spermatozoa. Green: SCP1 staining. ICC/IF image submitted by a verified customer review.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/SCP1-Antibody-Immunocytochemistry-Immunofluorescence-NB300-229-img0013.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: SCP1 Antibody [NB300-229] - Mouse spermatocyte. Red: scp1 colocalized with scp3 (green). ICC/IF image submitted by a verified customer review.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/SCP1-Antibody-Immunocytochemistry-Immunofluorescence-NB300-229-img0015.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: SCP1 Antibody - BSA Free [NB300-229] - Immunostaining of SCP3/SYCP3 (NB300-231) and SCP1 on adult Cxxc1 het and CKO chromosome spreads. Green, SCP3/SYCP3; orange, SCP1. Scale bar, 10 um. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30365547/) licensed under a CC-BY license.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/SCP1-Antibody---BSA-Free-Immunocytochemistry-Immunofluorescence-NB300-229-img0016.jpg)
![Chromatin Immunoprecipitation: SCP1 Antibody - BSA Free [NB300-229] - Meiotic spreads.Meiotic chromosome spreads from wild type & Fance mutant (MT) primary spermatocytes isolated from the testes at 20 dpp. Each chromatin spread was staged by analyzing SYCP3 (red) & SYCP1 (green), which are axial element & central region components of the synaptonemal complex respectively. Most of the Fance mutant spermatocytes displayed normal synapsis (middle panels); however a sub-set displayed synapsis abnormalities including an association between non-homologous chromosome ends (arrow head) & abnormal SYCP3 structures (arrows). Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0159800), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb300-229_rabbit-polyclonal-scp1-antibody-310202415345326.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: SCP1 Antibody - BSA Free [NB300-229] - Meiotic progression & chromosome paring in XX, XO & XY oocytes.(A) Meiotic progression in XX, XO & XY oocytes. The graphs show the percentages of the meiotic stage at the day of culture indicated. L, leptotene; Z, zygotene; P, pachytene; D, diplotene. (B) Pairing of homologous chromosomes in XX, XO & XY oocytes. Images show the immunofluorescence analysis of SYCP3 (white) & SYCP1 (red), & FISH analysis of the X chromosome (green) & Y chromosome (purple). The dashed squares in the merged images are shown at high magnification (right). The numbers of samples showing the phenotype are shown with the total number tested (left). Arrowheads indicate asynapsed bivalents at the end of the chromosomes. Scale bars, 10 μm. (C) Pairing rates of autosomes & sex chromosomes. Each value was calculated from three independent experiments (see also Materials & Methods). P values were calculated by Tukey’s HSD test. ***P600 spermatocytes in each stage. b, c The immunostaining of SYCP3 in the testicular sections (b) & surface-spread chromatin preparations of Uhrf1 deletion & control mice (c); d the percentage of spermatocytes with abnormal SYCP3 location. e Double immunofluorescence of testicular spread preparations of the adult mice, SYCP3 (green) & SYCP1 (red). f The percentage of spermatocytes with abnormal SYCP1 location. Lep leptotene, Zyg zygotene, Pac pachytene, Dip diplotene. Data are presented as mean ± SEM of three mice. ***p ≤ 0.001. Scale bar, 25 μm in b, 5 μm in c, e. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32081844), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb300-229_rabbit-polyclonal-scp1-antibody-310202416212369.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: TPX2 Antibody [NB500-179] - Analysis of TPX2 at the mitotic spindle microtubules and poles in a HeLa metaphase cell. ICC/IF image submitted by a verified customer review.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/TPX2-Antibody-Immunocytochemistry-Immunofluorescence-NB500-179-img0004.jpg "Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: TPX2 Antibody [NB500-179] - Analysis of TPX2 at the mitotic spindle microtubules and poles in a HeLa metaphase cell. ICC/IF image submitted by a verified customer review.")
![Flow Cytometry: TPX2 Antibody [NB500-179] - RHAMM is not a cell surface but an intracellular cytoskeletal protein in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells. (C) Alcohol permeabilized mouse ES cells, however, were strongly positive for both RHAMM and the intracellular positive control protein TPX2 (right panel). Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0073548) licensed under a CC-BY license.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/TPX2-Antibody-Flow-Cytometry-NB500-179-img0005.jpg)
![Western Blot: TPX2 Antibody [NB500-179] - Analysis of TPX2 expression in 1) HeLa, 2) Ntera2, 3) K-562 and 4) Raji whole cell lysates using NB500-179.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/TPX2-Antibody-Western-Blot-NB500-179-img0001.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: TPX2 Antibody [NB500-179] - Staining of HeLa cells fixed in 3.5% paraformaldehyde using NB 500-179 (1:1,000). Nuclear staining during interphase and spindle staining during mitosis.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/TPX2-Antibody-Immunocytochemistry-Immunofluorescence-NB500-179-img0003.jpg)
![Simple Western: TPX2 Antibody [NB500-179] - Lane view shows a specific band for TPX2 using HeLa cell lysate and antibody at 1:250. Electropherogram image of corresponding Simple Western lane view. Image reported by internal validation.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/TPX2-Antibody-Simple-Western-NB500-179-img0006.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: TPX2 Antibody [NB500-179] - Depletion of TPX2 or Aurora-A reduces cell viability of BRCA2-deficient breast cancer cells. a HCC1806-shBRCA2dox, HCC38-shBRCA2dox, SUM149-shBRCA2dox, & MB231-shBRCA2dox were grown on coverslips & treated with doxycycline (3 days) and/or irradiated (IR, 5 Gy) as indicated. Subsequently, cells were stained for RAD51 & gamma H2AX. Scale bars represent 5 μm. b Quantification of results from a. Percentages of cells with ≥5 RAD51 foci per nucleus are indicated (n ≥ 31). c Percentages of cell survival of doxycycline-treated cells vs untreated cells, transfected with indicated siRNAs. Unpaired two-tailed t tests were used to test for statistical significance (*p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001). d BT-549 cells were transfected with siTPX2 or control siRNA (CTR). Cells were grown on coverslips for 3 days after which they were incubated with EdU conjugated to azide-Alexa 488 (10 μM) for 15 min. Subsequently, cells were fixed & stained for 53BP1 & gamma H2AX. Amounts of 53BP1 & gamma H2AX foci per cell of at least 30 EdU-positive cells were counted. Means & standard deviations are depicted. Mann–Whitney U tests were used to analyze statistical significance (*p ≤ 0.05, ** = p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001, ns not significant). e BT-549 cells were transfected as in d, irradiated (IR, 5 Gy), & fixated 0.5 or 6 h after irradiation. Amounts of 53BP1 & gamma H2AX foci per cell were counted. Means & standard deviations are depicted. Mann–Whitney U tests were used to analyze statistical significance (*p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001, ns = not significant) Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30177840), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb500-179_rabbit-polyclonal-tpx2-antibody-31020241616051.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: TPX2 Antibody [NB500-179] - TPX2 depletion preferentially affects cell viability in BRCA2-deficient cancer cells. a BT-549-shBRCA2dox cells were left untreated or were treated with doxycycline (2 or 4 days), & subsequently harvested for western blotting for BRCA2 & actin. b BT-549-shBRCA2dox cells were treated as in panel A, & mRNA expression levels of BRCA2 were analyzed relative to GAPDH using qRT-PCR. c BT-549-shBRCA2dox cells were grown on coverslips & treated with doxycycline (3 days) and/or irradiated (IR, 5 Gy) as indicated. At 3 h after irradiation, cells were fixed & analyzed for RAD51 & gamma H2AX foci formation. Scale bars represent 5 μm. d Percentages of cells with ≥5 RAD51 foci per nucleus are indicated. (n ≥ 50 per condition). e BT-549-shBRCA2dox cells were treated with doxycycline (3 days) & were subsequently transfected with indicated siRNAs. A total of 30,000 cells were plated 48 h following transfection. Viable cells were counted 5 days later. Percentages of cell survival of doxycycline-treated vs untreated cells are depicted. Error bars indicate standard deviations of two experimental replicates. Unpaired two-tailed t tests were used to test for statistical significance (*p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001) Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30177840), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb500-179_rabbit-polyclonal-tpx2-antibody-310202416171435.jpg)
![Western Blot: NDC80 Antibody (9G3.23) [NB100-338] - HEC1 antibody [9G3.23] detects HEC1 protein by western blot analysis. Various whole cell extracts and HeLa nuclear extracts (30 ug) were separated by 7.5% SDS-PAGE, and the membrane was blotted with HEC1 antibody [9G3.23] diluted at 1:1000. The HRP-conjugated anti-mouse IgG antibody (NBP2-193821) was used to detect the primary antibody, and the signal was developed with Trident femto Western HRP Substrate.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/NDC80-Antibody-9G3-23-Western-Blot-NB100-338-img0016.jpg "Western Blot: NDC80 Antibody (9G3.23) [NB100-338] - HEC1 antibody [9G3.23] detects HEC1 protein by western blot analysis. Various whole cell extracts and HeLa nuclear extracts (30 ug) were separated by 7.5% SDS-PAGE, and the membrane was blotted with HEC1 antibody [9G3.23] diluted at 1:1000. The HRP-conjugated anti-mouse IgG antibody (NBP2-193821) was used to detect the primary antibody, and the signal was developed with Trident femto Western HRP Substrate.")
![Western Blot: NDC80 Antibody (9G3.23) [NB100-338] - WB analysis of NDC80 in U2OS Whole Cell Lysate. Verified customer review from 1DegreeBio.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/NDC80-Antibody-9G3-23-Western-Blot-NB100-338-img0007.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: NDC80 Antibody (9G3.23) [NB100-338] - Mouse anti-Hec1 and rabbit anti-Hec1 (phospho Ser165) antibodies were used to co-stain MCF10A cells. Insets show kinetochores of misaligned chromosomes. DAPI staining shows chromatin.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/NDC80-Antibody-9G3-23-Immunocytochemistry-Immunofluorescence-NB100-338-img0003.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: NDC80 Antibody (9G3.23) [NB100-338] - IF analysis of NDC80 in fixed human cell lines of RPE1, H4, and 42MGBA. Image courtesy of anonymous customer product review.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/NDC80-Antibody-9G3-23-Immunocytochemistry-Immunofluorescence-NB100-338-img0004.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: NDC80 Antibody (9G3.23) [NB100-338] - IF analysis of NDC80 in PTK1 cells.Verified customer review from 1DegreeBio.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/NDC80-Antibody-9G3-23-Immunocytochemistry-Immunofluorescence-NB100-338-img0008.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: NDC80 Antibody (9G3.23) [NB100-338] - NDC80 antibody [9G3.23] detects NDC80 protein at kinetochore by immunofluorescent analysis.Sample: HeLa cells were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde at RT for 15 min.Green: NDC80 stained by NDC80 antibody [9G3.23] (NB100-338) diluted at 1:500.Blue: Fluoroshield with DAPI .](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-338_mouse-monoclonal-ndc80-antibody-9g3-23-9102024205614.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: NDC80 Antibody (9G3.23) [NB100-338] - NDC80 antibody [9G3.23] detects NDC80 protein at kinetochore by immunofluorescent analysis.Sample: HeLa cells were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde at RT for 15 min.Green: NDC80 stained by NDC80 antibody [9G3.23] (NB100-338) diluted at 1:1000.Red: alpha Tubulin, a cytoskeleton marker, stained by alpha Tubulin antibody diluted at 1:1000.Blue: Fluoroshield with DAPI .](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-338_mouse-monoclonal-ndc80-antibody-9g3-23-91020242024619.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: NDC80 Antibody (9G3.23) [NB100-338] - NDC80 antibody [9G3.23] detects NDC80 protein at kinetochore by immunofluorescent analysis.Sample: HeLa cells were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde at RT for 15 min.Green: NDC80 stained by NDC80 antibody [9G3.23] (NB100-338) diluted at 1:500.Red: alpha Tubulin 4a, a cytoskeleton marker, stained by alpha Tubulin 4a antibody diluted at 1:500.Blue: Hoechst 33342 staining.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-338_mouse-monoclonal-ndc80-antibody-9g3-23-9102024200109.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: NDC80 Antibody (9G3.23) [NB100-338] - NDC80 antibody [9G3.23] detects NDC80 protein at kinetochore by immunofluorescent analysis.Sample: HeLa cells were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde at RT for 15 min.Green: NDC80 stained by NDC80 antibody [9G3.23] (NB100-338) diluted at 1:500.Red: beta Tubulin, a cytoskeleton marker, stained by beta Tubulin antibody diluted at 1:1000.Blue: Fluoroshield with DAPI .](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-338_mouse-monoclonal-ndc80-antibody-9g3-23-910202420134060.jpg)
![Various whole cell extracts (30 ug) were separated by 7.5% SDS-PAGE, and the membrane was blotted with NDC80 antibody [9G3.23] (NB100-338) diluted at 1:1000. The HRP-conjugated anti-mouse IgG antibody was used to detect the primary antibody, and the signal was developed with Trident ECL plus-Enhanced.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-338_mouse-monoclonal-ndc80-antibody-9g3-23-western-blot-1411202518334521.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: SCP3/SYCP3 Antibody [NB300-231] - Immunostaining of SCP3/SYCP3 (NB300-231) and SCP1 (NB300-229) on adult Cxxc1 het and CKO chromosome spreads. Green, SCP3/SYCP3; orange, SCP1. Scale bar, 10 um. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30365547/) licensed under a CC-BY license.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/SCP3-SYCP3-Antibody-Immunocytochemistry-Immunofluorescence-NB300-231-img0014.jpg "Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: SCP3/SYCP3 Antibody [NB300-231] - Immunostaining of SCP3/SYCP3 (NB300-231) and SCP1 (NB300-229) on adult Cxxc1 het and CKO chromosome spreads. Green, SCP3/SYCP3; orange, SCP1. Scale bar, 10 um. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30365547/) licensed under a CC-BY license.")
![Immunohistochemistry: SCP3/SYCP3 Antibody [NB300-231] - Punctate staining of murine SCP3 in mouse ovary using NB300-231.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/SCP3-SYCP3-Antibody-Immunohistochemistry-NB300-231-img0005.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: SCP3/SYCP3 Antibody [NB300-231] - Distinct forms of ubiquitin regulation by RNF8 and SCML2. (C-F) Immunostaining on meiotic chromosome spreads of FK2 and SYCP3 antibodies. Dotted circles are sex chromosomes and Scale bar are 10 micrometers. At least 30 spermatocytes from each substage are shown from at least 3 independent mice per mouse model. Immunostaining intensity is qualified by densitometry across the indicated path and plotted in a relative intensity of 0-1 (normalized among stages). Citation: Adams SR, Maezawa S, Alavattam KG, Abe H, Sakashita A, Shroder M, et al. (2018) RNF8 and SCML2 cooperate to regulate ubiquitination and H3K27 acetylation for escape gene activation on the sex chromosomes. PLoS Genet 14(2): e1007233. //doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1007233](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/SCP3-SYCP3-Antibody-ICC-IF-Negative-NB300-231-img0006.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: SCP3/SYCP3 Antibody [NB300-231] - (A-D) Immunostaining of D27C4 and SYCP3 on meiotic chromosome spreads. Dotted circles indicate sex chromosomes and scale bar is 10 micrometers. At least 30 spermatocytes from each substage are shown from at least 3 independent mice per mouse model. Immunostaining intensity is qualified by densitometry across the indicated path and plotted in a relative intensity of 0-1 (normalized among stages).Citation: Adams SR, Maezawa S, Alavattam KG, Abe H, Sakashita A, Shroder M, et al. (2018) RNF8 and SCML2 cooperate to regulate ubiquitination and H3K27 acetylation for escape gene activation on the sex chromosomes. PLoS Genet 14(2): e1007233. //doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1007233](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/SCP3-SYCP3-Antibody-ICC-IF-Negative-NB300-231-img0007.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: SCP3/SYCP3 Antibody [NB300-231] - (A) Immunostaining of D27C4 and SYCP3 on wild-type meiotic chromosome spreads. Representative images are shown for each category through the early pachytene stage for spermatocytes from 9 independent mice. (C) Immunostaining of SYCP3 and D27C4 on Mdc1-KO meiotic chromosome spreads. Representative images are shown through the early pachytene stage for spermatocytes from 3 independent Mdc1-KO mice. (A and C) Dotted circles indicate sex chromosomes and scale bar is 10 micrometers. Immunostaining intensity is qualified by densitometry across the indicated path and plotted in a relative intensity of 0-1 (normalized among stages).Citation: Adams SR, Maezawa S, Alavattam KG, Abe H, Sakashita A, Shroder M, et al. (2018) RNF8 and SCML2 cooperate to regulate ubiquitination and H3K27 acetylation for escape gene activation on the sex chromosomes. PLoS Genet 14(2): e1007233. //doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1007233](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/SCP3-SYCP3-Antibody-ICC-IF-Negative-NB300-231-img0008.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: SCP3/SYCP3 Antibody [NB300-231] - (A-D) Immunostaining of E6C5 and SYCP3 on meiotic chromosome spreads. Dotted circles indicate sex chromosomes and scale bar is 10 micrometers. At least 30 spermatocytes from each substage are shown from at least 3 independent mice per mouse model.Citation: Adams SR, Maezawa S, Alavattam KG, Abe H, Sakashita A, Shroder M, et al. (2018) RNF8 and SCML2 cooperate to regulate ubiquitination and H3K27 acetylation for escape gene activation on the sex chromosomes. PLoS Genet 14(2): e1007233. //doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1007233](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/SCP3-SYCP3-Antibody-ICC-IF-Negative-NB300-231-img0009.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: SCP3/SYCP3 Antibody [NB300-231] - (A, B) Immunostaining of SCML2 and SYCP3 on meiotic chromosome spreads. Dotted circles indicate sex chromosomes and scale bar is 10 micrometers. At least 30 spermatocytes from each substage are shown from at least 3 independent mice per mouse model.Citation: Adams SR, Maezawa S, Alavattam KG, Abe H, Sakashita A, Shroder M, et al. (2018) RNF8 and SCML2 cooperate to regulate ubiquitination and H3K27 acetylation for escape gene activation on the sex chromosomes. PLoS Genet 14(2): e1007233. //doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1007233](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/SCP3-SYCP3-Antibody-ICC-IF-Negative-NB300-231-img0010.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: SCP3/SYCP3 Antibody [NB300-231] - (A-D) Immunostaining of H3K4me2 and SYCP3 on meiotic chromosome spreads. Dotted circles: sex chromosomes. (E) Regulation of H3K4me2. (F, G) Immunostaining of H3K4me2 and SYCP3 on wild-type and Scml2-KO meiotic chromosome spreads. All: Dotted circles indicate sex chromosomes and scale bar is 10 micrometers. Immunostaining intensity is qualified by densitometry across the indicated path and plotted in a relative intensity of 0-1 (normalized among stages).Citation: Adams SR, Maezawa S, Alavattam KG, Abe H, Sakashita A, Shroder M, et al. (2018) RNF8 and SCML2 cooperate to regulate ubiquitination and H3K27 acetylation for escape gene activation on the sex chromosomes. PLoS Genet 14(2): e1007233. //doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1007233](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/SCP3-SYCP3-Antibody-ICC-IF-Negative-NB300-231-img0011.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: SCP3/SYCP3 Antibody [NB300-231] - (A-D) Immunostaining of H3K27ac and SYCP3 on meiotic chromosome spreads. At least 30 spermatocytes from each substage are shown from at least 3 independent mice per mouse model. Immunostaining intensity is qualified by densitometry across the indicated path and plotted in a relative intensity of 0-1 (normalized among stages). (E) Model of the regulation of H3K27ac. (F) Immunostaining of SYCP3 and H3K27ac on wild-type and Rnf8-KO round spermatids. At least 30 round spermatids shown from at least 3 independent mice. All: Dotted circles indicate sex chromosomes and scale bar is 10 micrometers.Citation: Adams SR, Maezawa S, Alavattam KG, Abe H, Sakashita A, Shroder M, et al. (2018) RNF8 and SCML2 cooperate to regulate ubiquitination and H3K27 acetylation for escape gene activation on the sex chromosomes. PLoS Genet 14(2): e1007233. //doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1007233](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/SCP3-SYCP3-Antibody-ICC-IF-Negative-NB300-231-img0012.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: SCP3/SYCP3 Antibody [NB300-231] - Mouse spermatocytes stained with biotin-conjugated anti-SYCP3 detected with streptavidin-Alexa Fluor 594 (left panel), streptavidin Alexa Fluor 488 (right panel). Image from verified customer review.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/SCP3-SYCP3-Antibody-Immunocytochemistry-Immunofluorescence-NB300-231-img0013.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: SCP3/SYCP3 Antibody [NB300-231] - SCP3 labeled in mouse pachytene preparation (red), using NB 300-231. CDK2 staining, near teleomeres, is also present (green).](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/SCP3-SYCP3-Antibody-Immunocytochemistry-Immunofluorescence-NB300-231-img0003.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: SCP3/SYCP3 Antibody [NB300-231] - CXXC1 is expressed in the spermatocytes in the presence or absence of PRDM9.(A) Immunofluorescence staining for CXXC1 & PRDM9 in adult B6, 14-dpp B6 & 14-dpp Prdm9-/- seminiferous tubule cross sections. Green, CXXC1; red, PRDM9; blue, DAPI. SC, Sertoli cell; Z, zygonema; P, pachynema; RS, round spermatid. Scale bars, first 4 columns: 50 μm, last column: 10 μm. (B) Immunofluorescence staining for CXXC1 & PRDM9 on chromosome spreads from adult B6. Green, SYCP3; orange, PRDM9; magenta, CXXC1. Scale bars, 10 μm. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30365547), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb300-231_rabbit-polyclonal-scp3-sycp3-antibody-310202415392592.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: SCP3/SYCP3 Antibody [NB300-231] - RNF8 is required for polyubiquitination of the sex chromosomes: Immunostaining with E6C5 antibody, which recognizes polyubiquitination.(A-D) Immunostaining of SYCP3 & E6C5 on meiotic chromosome spreads. Dotted circles: sex chromosomes. Scale bar: 10 μm. Representative images are shown for at least 30 spermatocytes from each substage, from at least 3 independent mice per mouse model. (E) Schematic of ubiquitin targets recognized by the E6C5 antibody in each mouse model. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1007233), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb300-231_rabbit-polyclonal-scp3-sycp3-antibody-310202415291958.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: SCP3/SYCP3 Antibody [NB300-231] - RNF8-dependent H2AK119ub is removed by SCML2: Immunostaining with D27C4 antibody, which recognizes H2AK119ub.(A-D) Immunostaining of SYCP3 & D27C4 (H2AK119ub) on meiotic chromosome spreads. Dotted circles: sex chromosomes. Scale bar: 10 μm. Representative images are shown for at least 30 spermatocytes from each substage, from at least 3 independent mice per mouse model. The intensity of immunostaining is quantified by densitometry across the indicated path (‘ to”) & plotted in a relative intensity range of 0–1, which is normalized among all images in this figure, Fig 3 & S2 Fig. (E) Updated model of distinct forms of regulation of ubiquitination by RNF8 & SCML2, including RNF8-dependent H2AK119ub, which is removed by SCML2 based on data in this figure. (F) Schematic of ubiquitin targets recognized by the D27C4 (H2AK119ub) antibody in each mouse model. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1007233), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb300-231_rabbit-polyclonal-scp3-sycp3-antibody-310202416205194.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: SCP3/SYCP3 Antibody [NB300-231] - Distinct forms of ubiquitin regulation by RNF8 & SCML2: Immunostaining with FK2 antibody, which recognizes both mono- & polyubiquitinated conjugates.(A) Schematic of spermatogenesis. (B) Model of distinct forms of regulation of ubiquitination by RNF8 & SCML2. (C-F) Immunostaining of SYCP3 & FK2 on meiotic chromosome spreads. Dotted circles: sex chromosomes. Scale bar: 10 μm. Representative images are shown for at least 30 spermatocytes from each substage, from at least 3 independent mice per mouse model. The intensity of immunostaining is quantified by densitometry across the indicated path (‘ to”) & plotted in a relative intensity range of 0–1, which is normalized among the samples at the same stage. (G) Schematic of ubiquitin targets recognized by the FK2 antibody in each mouse model. A pink circle denotes RNF8-dependent ubiquitination & an orange circle denotes events mediated by a different E3 ubiquitin ligase. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1007233), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb300-231_rabbit-polyclonal-scp3-sycp3-antibody-310202416212367.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: SCP3/SYCP3 Antibody [NB300-231] - No major meiotic DSB repair or chromosome synapsis defects are observed in Cxxc1 CKO testis.(A) Immunostaining of SYCP3 & gamma H2AX on adult Cxxc1 het & CKO chromosome spreads. Green, SYCP3; magenta, gamma H2AX. Scale bar, 10 μm. (B) Spermatocyte stage proportion in adult Cxxc1 het (n = 1,062 from two individuals) & CKO (n = 1,105 from two individuals) spermatocytes based on SYCP3/SYCP1/ gamma H2AX staining. p = 0.7 by Chi-square test. (C) Immunostaining of SYCP3 & SYCP1 on adult Cxxc1 het & CKO chromosome spreads. Green, SYCP3; orange, SYCP1. Scale bar, 10 μm. (D) Crossover number measured by MLH1 staining on chromosome spreads of adult Cxxc1 het & CKO spermatocytes. Left, magenta, SYCP3; green, MLH1. Scale bar, 10 μm. Right, number of MLH1 foci per late pachynema in Cxxc1 het (n = 32 from two individuals) & CKO (n = 33 from two individuals). Bars represent mean ± SD. p = 0.4 by Student’s t-test. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30365547), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb300-231_rabbit-polyclonal-scp3-sycp3-antibody-3102024162188.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: SCP3/SYCP3 Antibody [NB300-231] - Meiotic spreads show deletion of Dicer1 disrupts progression of meiosis I.(A) It was possible to identify the 5 sub-stages of meiosis I by combining the reactivity patterns of two antibodies against synaptonemal complex protein 3 (SYCP3) & gamma H2AX. SYCP3 is a protein essential for synapsis of homologous chromosomes & gamma H2AX localizes to double-strand breaks & XY bodies during meiosis. A total of 200 spreads were counted in testis cell preparations from WT & GCKO mice at P22. (B) Chi square analysis shows GCKO testes contained significantly higher numbers of germ cell spreads at the leptotene & zygotene stages of meiosis I & fewer spreads at pachytene, diplotene & metaphase I stages (P<0.001), suggesting that the loss of Dicer1 lead to disruptions in progression through meiosis I. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23056286), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb300-231_rabbit-polyclonal-scp3-sycp3-antibody-310202416212316.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: SCP3/SYCP3 Antibody [NB300-231] - PRDM9 expression & catalytic function are not impaired in Cxxc1 CKO.(A) Immunostaining of PRDM9 shows unchanged pattern in adult CKO seminiferous tubules compared to the heterozygous control. Red, PRDM9; grey, DAPI. Scale bar, 20 μm. (B) PRDM9 & SYCP3 expression patterns are not changed in CXXC1 CKO chromosome spreads compared to the heterozygous control. Co-immunostaining of CXXC1 & PRDM9 on chromosome spreads from adult Cxxc1 het & CKO mice. Green, SYCP3; orange, PRDM9; magenta, CXXC1. First 4 rows, het control; last 4 rows, Cxxc1 CKO. Scale bar, 10 μm. (C) Meiosis progression occurs normally in Cxxc1 CKO testes. Immunostaining of H3K4me3 in adult Cxxc1 het & CKO chromosome spreads. Green, SYCP3; magenta, H3K4me3. Scale bar, 10 μm. (D) Testis-specific gene expression is not changed in Cxxc1 CKO testes. H3K4me3 ChIP-qPCR with chromatin isolated form Cxxc1 het & CKO mice. Promoter regions form Actinb & Sycp3, Dom2 hotspots PbxI & Fcgr4 were amplified. Cst hotspot HlxI was used as a negative control. Bars present mean ± SD of three biological replicates. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30365547), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb300-231_rabbit-polyclonal-scp3-sycp3-antibody-310202416205179.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: SCP3/SYCP3 Antibody [NB300-231] - DSB number is not affected in Cxxc1 CKO.The DSB number was determined by three markers reflecting different stages of their processing. (A) DMC1 staining on Cxxc1 control & CKO chromosome spread. Bottom panels, distribution plot of DMC1 foci in early zygotene (n = 22 in het, n = 34 in CKO), late zygotene (n = 29 in het, n = 36 in CKO) & pachytene (n = 36 in het, n = 26 in CKO) spermatocytes. (B) RAD51 staining on Cxxc1 control & CKO chromosome spread. Bottom panels, distribution plot of RAD51 foci in early zygotene (n = 22 in het, n = 13 in CKO), late zygotene (n = 24 in het, n = 11 in CKO) & pachytene (n = 52 in het, n = 36 in CKO) spermatocytes. (C) RPA staining on Cxxc1 control & CKO chromosome spread. Bottom panels, distribution plot of RPA foci in early zygotene (n = 35 in het, n = 43 in CKO), late zygotene (n = 33 in het, n = 28 in CKO) & pachytene (n = 89 in het, n = 92 in CKO) spermatocytes. For A-C, two individuals per genotype were measured. Bars represent mean ± SD. Scale bar, 10 μm. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30365547), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb300-231_rabbit-polyclonal-scp3-sycp3-antibody-310202416203720.jpg)
![Western Blot: NuMA Antibody [NB500-174] - Analysis of NuMA expression in Cos7 whole cell lysate.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/NuMA-Antibody-Western-Blot-NB500-174-img0001.jpg "Western Blot: NuMA Antibody [NB500-174] - Analysis of NuMA expression in Cos7 whole cell lysate.")
![Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: NuMA Antibody [NB500-174] - Human HeLa cells fixed with 3.5% formaldehyde and stained with NB500-174 at 1:1000. The staining pattern shows the typical pattern for NuMA in the cell nucleus during interphase and on spindles during mitosis.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/NuMA-Antibody-Immunocytochemistry-Immunofluorescence-NB500-174-img0003.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: NuMA Antibody [NB500-174] - Analysis of FFPE tissue section of human placenta using rabbit polyclonal NuMA antibody (NB500-174) at 5 ug/mL. Strong nuclear with moderate cytoplasmic immuno-reactivity of NuMA was observed in syncytiotrophoblast, cytiotrophoblasts, Hofbauer cells and the endothelial cells of chorionic villi capillaries. 10X Magnification.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/NuMA-Antibody-Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin-NB500-174-img0013.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: NuMA Antibody [NB500-174] - NuMA antibody was tested in HeLa cells with DyLight 488 (green). Nuclei and alpha-tubulin were counterstained with DAPI (blue) and DyLight 550 (red).](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/NuMA-Antibody-Immunocytochemistry-Immunofluorescence-NB500-174-img0005.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: NuMA Antibody [NB500-174] - NuMA antibody was tested in HeLa cells with DyLight 488 (green). Nuclei and alpha-tubulin were counterstained with DAPI (blue) and DyLight 550 (red).](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/NuMA-Antibody-Immunocytochemistry-Immunofluorescence-NB500-174-img0006.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: NuMA Antibody [NB500-174] - Dynactin and NuMA display specific, steady-state binding at mitotic minus-ends. See also Figure 1-figure supplement 1 and Videos 1-3. Representative immunofluorescence image showing co-localization of NuMA (green) and p150 (dynactin subunit; cyan) at microtubule minus-ends in mitotic PtK2 cells (post-NEB) fixed after washout of 5 uM nocodazole. Scale bar, 10 um. Inset: zoom of white box, with 1 um scale bar. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//elifesciences.org/articles/29328), licensed under a CC-BY license.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/NuMA-Antibody-Immunocytochemistry-Immunofluorescence-NB500-174-img0024.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: NuMA Antibody [NB500-174] - Analysis of FFPE tissue section of human normal breast using rabbit polyclonal NuMA antibody (NB500-174) at 5 ug/mL. The breast ductal/acinar epithelial cells, the myoepithelial cells and some cells in the surrounding connective tissue depicted a strong nuclear along with moderate cytoplasmic immuno-positivity for NuMA protein. The intra-lobular and the surrounding connective tissue also developed weak/potentially non-specific staining. 10X Magnification.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/NuMA-Antibody-Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin-NB500-174-img0007.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: NuMA Antibody [NB500-174] - Analysis of FFPE tissue section of human normal spleen using rabbit polyclonal NuMA antibody (NB500-174) at 5 ug/mL. Most of the cells developed a strong nuclear along with moderate cytoplasmic immuno-positivity for NuMA protein. 10X Magnification.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/NuMA-Antibody-Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin-NB500-174-img0008.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: NuMA Antibody [NB500-174] - Analysis of FFPE tissue section of human normal skin using rabbit polyclonal NuMA antibody (NB500-174) at 5 ug/mL. Almost all the cells in the epidermal layer and the cells in the connective tissue of dermal layer depicted very strong nuclear along with moderate cytoplasmic immuno-positivity for NuMA protein. 10X Magnification.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/NuMA-Antibody-Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin-NB500-174-img0009.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: NuMA Antibody [NB500-174] - Analysis of FFPE tissue section of human normal brain using rabbit polyclonal NuMA antibody (NB500-174) at 5 ug/mL. The cells in the brain tissue depicted strong specific nuclear along with weak cytoplasmic immuno-positivity for NuMA protein. 10X Magnification.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/NuMA-Antibody-Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin-NB500-174-img0010.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: NuMA Antibody [NB500-174] - Analysis of FFPE tissue section of human normal kidney using rabbit polyclonal NuMA antibody (NB500-174) at 5 ug/mL. The cells of various tubules/ducts and Bowman's capsule in the renal tissue depicted strong nuclear along with relatively weak cytoplasmic immuno-positivity for NuMA protein. 10X Magnification.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/NuMA-Antibody-Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin-NB500-174-img0011.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: NuMA Antibody [NB500-174] - Analysis of FFPE tissue section of human normal prostate using rabbit polyclonal NuMA antibody (NB500-174) at 5 ug/mL. The prostatic alveolar glandular epithelium as well as the surrounding fibromuscular stroma cells showed a strong nuclear immuno-reactivity for NuMA protein. Almost all the cells developed some cytoplasmic staining also. 10X Magnification.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/NuMA-Antibody-Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin-NB500-174-img0012.jpg)
![Simple Western: NuMA Antibody [NB500-174] - Image shows a specific band for NuMA in 0.2 mg/mL of HeLa lysate. This experiment was performed under reducing conditions using the 66-440 kDa separation system.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/NuMA-Antibody-Simple-Western-NB500-174-img0023.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: SMC1 Antibody [NB100-204] - FFPE section of mouse colon carcinoma CT26. Antibody: Affinity purified rabbit anti-SMC1 used at a dilution of 1:5,000 (0.2ug/ml). Detection: DAB](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/SMC1-Antibody-Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin-NB100-204-img0008.jpg "Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: SMC1 Antibody [NB100-204] - FFPE section of mouse colon carcinoma CT26. Antibody: Affinity purified rabbit anti-SMC1 used at a dilution of 1:5,000 (0.2ug/ml). Detection: DAB")
![Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: SMC1 Antibody [NB100-204] - FFPE section of human ovarian carcinoma. Antibody: Affinity purified rabbit anti-SMC1 used at a dilution of 1:5,000 (0.2ug/ml). Detection: DAB](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/SMC1-Antibody-Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin-NB100-204-img0007.jpg)
![Simple Western: SMC1 Antibody [NB100-204] - Simple Western lane view shows a specific band for SMC1 in 0.5 mg/ml of Hek293 (left) and HeLa (right) lysate. This experiment was performed under reducing conditions using the 12-230 kDa separation system.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/SMC1-Antibody-Simple-Western-NB100-204-img0006.jpg)
![SMC1 Antibody [NB100-204] - Detection of human and mouse SMC1 by western blot. Samples: Whole cell lysate (50 ug) from HeLa, HEK293T, Jurkat, mouse TCMK-1, and mouse NIH 3T3 cells prepared using NETN lysis buffer. Antibody: Affinity purified rabbit anti-SMC1 antibody NB100-204 used for WB at 0.1 ug/ml. Detection: Chemiluminescence with an exposure time of 3 seconds.Previous](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/SMC1-Antibody-NB100-204-img0009.jpg)
![SMC1 Antibody [NB100-204] - Detection of human SMC1 by western blot of immunoprecipitates. Samples: Whole cell lysate (1.0 mg per IP reaction; 20% of IP loaded) from HeLa cells prepared using NETN lysis buffer. Antibodies: Affinity purified rabbit anti-SMC1 antibody NB100-204 used for IP at 6 ug per reaction. SMC1 was also immunoprecipitated by rabbit anti-SMC1 recombinant monoclonal antibody NB2-76412. For blotting immunoprecipitated SMC1, NB100-204 was used at 1:1000. Detection: Chemiluminescence with an exposure time time of 10 seconds.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/SMC1-Antibody-NB100-204-img0010.jpg)
![Western Blot: Kif2a Antibody [NB500-180] - Western blot shows lysates of HEK293T human embryonic kidney parental cell line and Kif2a knockout (KO) HEK293T cell line. PVDF membrane was probed with 1:10000 of Rabbit Anti-Human Kif2a Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # NB500-180) followed by HRP-conjugated Anti-Rabbit IgG Secondary Antibody (Catalog #HAF008). Specific band was detected for Kif2a at approximately 100 kDa (as indicated) in the parental HEK293T cell line, but is not detectable in the knockout HEK293T cell line. This experiment was conducted under reducing conditions.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Kif2a-Antibody-Knockout-Validated-NB500-180-img0007.jpg "<b>Genetic Strategies Validation. </b>Western Blot: Kif2a Antibody [NB500-180] - Western blot shows lysates of HEK293T human embryonic kidney parental cell line and Kif2a knockout (KO) HEK293T cell line. PVDF membrane was probed with 1:10000 of Rabbit Anti-Human Kif2a Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # NB500-180) followed by HRP-conjugated Anti-Rabbit IgG Secondary Antibody (Catalog #HAF008). Specific band was detected for Kif2a at approximately 100 kDa (as indicated) in the parental HEK293T cell line, but is not detectable in the knockout HEK293T cell line. This experiment was conducted under reducing conditions.")
![<b>Genetic Strategies Validation. </b>Western Blot: Kif2a Antibody [NB500-180] - Analysis of Kif2a in Hela, 3T3 and PC12 lysate.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Kif2a-Antibody-Western-Blot-NB500-180-img0003.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: Kif2a Antibody [NB500-180] - Kif2a antibody was tested in HeLa cells with DyLight 488 (green). Nuclei and alpha-tubulin were counterstained with DAPI (blue) and DyLight 550 (red).](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Kif2a-Antibody-Immunocytochemistry-Immunofluorescence-NB500-180-img0005.jpg)
![Simple Western: Kif2a Antibody [NB500-180] - Lane view shows a specific band for Kif2a in 0.5 mg/ml of HeLa lysate. This experiment was performed under reducing conditions using the 12-230 kDa separation system.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Kif2a-Antibody-Simple-Western-NB500-180-img0006.jpg)
![Western Blot: POT1 Antibody [NB500-176] - Detection of POT1 in HeLa nuclear extracts (25 ug) using NB500-176(1:500). ECL detection 1 min.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/POT1-Antibody-Western-Blot-NB500-176-img0003.jpg "Western Blot: POT1 Antibody [NB500-176] - Detection of POT1 in HeLa nuclear extracts (25 ug) using NB500-176(1:500). ECL detection 1 min.")
![<b>Biological Strategies Validation. </b>Western Blot: POT1 Antibody [NB500-176] - Immunoblotting assessment of TRF1, TRF2 and POT1 protein expression in bortezomib-treated cells. Same sets of cells above were analyzed for TRF1, TRF2 and POT1 protein levels and shown was representative of three independent experiments. BGC-823-hTERT cells. Image collected and cropped by Citeab from the following publication (Bortezomib-mediated down-regulation of telomerase and disruption of telomere homeostasis contributes to apoptosis of malignant cells. Oncotarget (2015) licensed under a CC-BY license.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/POT1-Antibody-Western-Blot-NB500-176-img0004.jpg)
![Immunoprecipitation: TRF-2 Antibody [NB100-56694] - Analysis of TRF-2 in HL60 cells. Lane 1. IP (mouse anti-TRF2). Lane 2. IP with control mouse IgG. Lane 3 IP with goat anti-TRF2. Lane 4. IP with pre-immune goat Ig. Lanes 1-4. WB. TRF2 is detected as a ~ 66 kD protein.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/TRF-2-Antibody-Immunoprecipitation-NB100-56694-img0006.jpg "Immunoprecipitation: TRF-2 Antibody [NB100-56694] - Analysis of TRF-2 in HL60 cells. Lane 1. IP (mouse anti-TRF2). Lane 2. IP with control mouse IgG. Lane 3 IP with goat anti-TRF2. Lane 4. IP with pre-immune goat Ig. Lanes 1-4. WB. TRF2 is detected as a ~ 66 kD protein.")
![Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: TRF-2 Antibody [NB100-56694] - Analysis of Human Tonsil using TRF-2 antibody.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/TRF-2-Antibody-Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin-NB100-56694-img0005.jpg)
![<b>Genetic Strategies Validation. </b>Western Blot: TRF-2 Antibody [NB100-56694] - U2OS cells were transduced with a lentiviral vector coding for a Dox inducible control shRNA (shCtrl) or a shRNA against TRF-2 (shTRF2) and selected with puromycin +/- Dox for a week. A) Western blot analysis of TRF-2 expression one week post selection. Membranes were also probed with anti-tubulin antibodies to show the input material loaded. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32320442/) licensed under a CC-BY license.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/TRF-2-Antibody-Knockdown-Validated-NB100-56694-img0007.jpg)
![<b>Genetic Strategies Validation. </b>Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: TRF-2 Antibody [NB100-56694] - U2OS cells were transduced with a lentiviral vector coding for a Dox inducible control shRNA (shCtrl) or a shRNA against TRF-2 (shTRF2) and selected with puromycin +/- Dox for a week. One week post selection, +Dox cells were infected with HHV-6A for 48h and processed for IFA using anti-TRF-2 (green) and anti-IE2 (red). Cells with IE2 in punctate form and cells with large patchy IE2, likely to represent VRC, are shown. Nuclei are outlined by dashed lines. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32320442/) licensed under a CC-BY license.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/TRF-2-Antibody-Knockdown-Validated-NB100-56694-img0008.jpg)
![Western Blot: TRF-2 Antibody [NB100-56694] - TRF2 knockdown affect HHV-6A/B chromosomal integration.A) U2OS cells were transduced with lentiviral vectors expressing a scrambles shRNA (shCtrl) or a shTRF2. After a week of selection, cells were monitored for TRF2 expression by western blot. B) After a week of selection, shCtrl & shTRF2 treated cells were infected with HHV-6A or HHV-6B. After 30 days, DNA was isolated & the relative frequency of integration, relative to shCtrl set at 100%, estimated by ddPCR. *p<0.05. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32320442), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-56694_goat-polyclonal-trf-2-antibody-310202415345328.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: TRF-2 Antibody [NB100-56694] - TRF2 expression in HHV-6A-infected U2OS cells.U2OS cells were infected with HHV-6A & analyzed for TRF2 & IE2 expression at 24h, 48h & 72h post-infection by dual color immunofluorescence. A) Representative immunofluorescence of TRF2 & IE2 expression in bystander & IE2 expressing cells at 24, 48h & 72h post infection. B) Mean relative TRF2 expression ± SD in uninfected (blue), IE2- (green-uninfected bystander) or IE2+ (red-infected) cells at 24h, 48h & 72h post infection. Each symbol represents the relative TRF2 expression from a single nucleus. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32320442), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-56694_goat-polyclonal-trf-2-antibody-310202415304273.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: TRF-2 Antibody [NB100-56694] - Binding of TRF2 to viral DNA during HHV-6A/B infection.A) Schematic representation of the HHV-6A/B genome. The DR6 probe used for hybridization is shown in red. Uninfected & HHV-6A-infected HSB-2 cells (B-D) or uninfected & HHV-6B-infectd Molt-3 cells (E-F) were analyzed for TRF2 binding to viral DNA using ChIP. The input was hybridized with Alu probe to assess quantity of starting material. Anti-IgG (negative control), anti-PolII (positive control) or TRF2 antibodies were used for immunoprecipitation. B) QPCR detection of GAPDH DNA following ChIP. Results are expressed as fold increase over control IgG. C & E) Eluted DNA was hybridized with 32P-labeled Alu, telomeric (TTAGGG)3 or HHV-6A (DR6) probes. After hybridization the membranes were washed & exposed to X-ray films. D & F) Densitometric analysis of relative binding of TRF2 to telomeric & viral DNA. Results of one experiment representative of three are presented & are expressed as signal after normalization to input. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32320442), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-56694_goat-polyclonal-trf-2-antibody-3102024155376.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: TRF-2 Antibody [NB100-56694] - TRF2 is required for IE2 localization with telomeres.U2OS cells were transduced with a lentiviral vector coding for a Dox inducible control shRNA (shCtrl) or a shRNA against TRF2 (shTRF2) & selected with puromycin +/- Dox for a week. A) Western blot analysis of TRF2 expression one week post selection. Membranes were also probed with anti-tubulin antibodies to show the input material loaded. B) One week post selection, +Dox cells were infected with HHV-6A for 48h & processed for IFA using anti-TRF2 (green) & anti-IE2 (red). Cells with IE2 in punctate form & cells with large patchy IE2, likely to represent VRC, are shown. Nuclei are outlined by dashed lines. C) The percentage of HHV-6A infected cells (from B) was estimated after counting a minimum of 700 cells & scoring the IE2+ ones. Results are expressed as mean %IE2+ cells ± SD. D) Mean percentage ± SD of IE2 localizing with telomeres in the presence (shCtrl +Dox) & absence (shTRF2 +Dox) of TRF2. Each dot represents the % of IE2 foci localizing with telomeres in one nucleus. ****p<0.0001. E) IF-FISH confocal images of shCtrl (+Dox) & shTRF2 (+Dox) cells analyzed for TRF2 (green), IE2 (red) & telomeres (cyan). Nuclei are outlined by dashed circles. Examples of IE2 localizing with telomeres (top row) or not found with telomeres (bottom row) are highlighted by the dashed polygons. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32320442), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-56694_goat-polyclonal-trf-2-antibody-31020241612657.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: TRF-2 Antibody [NB100-56694] - Binding of TRF2 to viral DNA during HHV-6A/B infection.A) Schematic representation of the HHV-6A/B genome. The DR6 probe used for hybridization is shown in red. Uninfected & HHV-6A-infected HSB-2 cells (B-D) or uninfected & HHV-6B-infectd Molt-3 cells (E-F) were analyzed for TRF2 binding to viral DNA using ChIP. The input was hybridized with Alu probe to assess quantity of starting material. Anti-IgG (negative control), anti-PolII (positive control) or TRF2 antibodies were used for immunoprecipitation. B) QPCR detection of GAPDH DNA following ChIP. Results are expressed as fold increase over control IgG. C & E) Eluted DNA was hybridized with 32P-labeled Alu, telomeric (TTAGGG)3 or HHV-6A (DR6) probes. After hybridization the membranes were washed & exposed to X-ray films. D & F) Densitometric analysis of relative binding of TRF2 to telomeric & viral DNA. Results of one experiment representative of three are presented & are expressed as signal after normalization to input. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32320442), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-56694_goat-polyclonal-trf-2-antibody-310202415523926.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: TRF-2 Antibody [NB100-56694] - A) A stick diagram of the IE2 protein with various domains identified is presented. B) Colocalization of HHV-6A IE2 protein with telomeres in the absence of viral DNA. U2OS cells were transfected with an empty vector, with IE2 expression vector or with IE2 delta 1290–1500 expression vector. Forty-eight hours later cells were processed for dual color immunofluorescence. Telomeres were labeled in cyan & IE2 in red. Nuclei are outlined by dashed lines. Examples of IE2 colocalizing with telomeres are presented in a 3D view (white arrows). C) The graph represents the mean ± SD % of WT IE2 & delta 1290–1500 IE2 localizing with telomeres. D) Lack of colocalization between HHV-6A p41 & telomeres in uninfected cells. U2OS cells were transfected with an empty vector or with a p41 expression vector. Forty-eight hours later cells were processed for dual color immunofluorescence. TRF2 was labeled green, p41 in red & nuclei outlined by a dashed line. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32320442), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-56694_goat-polyclonal-trf-2-antibody-310202415541930.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: TRF-2 Antibody [NB100-56694] - Colocalization of shelterin complex proteins & HHV-6A IE2 protein at VRC & cellular telomeres.A) U2OS cells were mock-infected or infected with HHV-6A for 48h after which cells were processed for IF-FISH. Telomeres were labeled in magenta, TRF2 in green & IE2 in red. The panels in the middle row show images of cells with IE2 patches overlapping with large, diffuse TRF2 & telomeric staining (rectangles). The panels in the third row represent infected cells with punctate IE2 pattern colocalizing with TRF2 & telomeres (dashed squares). The colocalization of IE2, TRF2 & telomeres are shown in both 2D & 3D images. B) Uninfected & HHV-6A-infected U2OS cells were transfected with an empty vector, a myc-tagged-TRF1 expression vector. Forty-eight hours later cells were processed for IF-FISH. TRF1 was labeled in green & IE2 in red. Nuclei were stained with DAPI. Images on the far right show 2D colocalization of TRF1 with IE2. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32320442), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-56694_goat-polyclonal-trf-2-antibody-31020241612621.jpg)