Recombinant Mouse Prolactin Protein

• Reactivity: Mu
• Applications: Bioactivity

Recombinant Mouse Prolactin Protein Summary

• Details of Functionality: Measured in a cell proliferation assay using Nb2-11 rat lymphoma cells. Gout, P.W. et al. (1980) Cancer Res. 40:2433. The ED 50 for this effect is 0.25-1 ng/mL.
• Source: E. coli-derived mouse Prolactin protein Leu32-Cys228, with an N-terminal Met
• Accession #: NP_035294
• N-terminal Sequence: Met
• Protein/Peptide Type: Recombinant Proteins
• Gene: Prl
• Purity: >95%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Silver Staining and quantitative densitometry by Coomassie® Blue Staining
• Endotoxin Note: <0.10 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Bioactivity
• Theoretical MW: 22.6 kDa.
  Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors.

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 degreesC as supplied. 1 month, 2 to 8 degreesC under sterile conditions after reconstitution. 3 months, -20 to -70 degreesC under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with BSA as a carrier protein.
• Purity: >95%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Silver Staining and quantitative densitometry by Coomassie® Blue Staining
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in sterile PBS containing at least 0.1% human or bovine serum albumin.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for Recombinant Mouse Prolactin Protein

• PRL
• Prolactin

Background

Prolactin (gene name PRL) is a secreted neuroendocrine pituitary hormone that acts primarily on the mammary gland to promote lactation, but has pleiotropic effects in both males and females (1-3). Mouse Prolactin is predominantly found as 23 kDa non-glycosylated monomers. Mouse prolactin shares 60% and 85% amino acid sequence identity with human and rat prolactin, respectively; however, activation of the human prolactin receptor by rat prolactin has been demonstrated (3). Prolactin is synthesized mainly by the anterior pituitary in all mammals, where secretion is under tonic inhibition by hypothalamic dopamine (2, 3). Secretion can be stimulated by suckling and diurnally by estradiol in rodents during pro-estrus and mating (2). In humans prolactin is also produced peripherally, while in rodents, the only known non-pituitary source is the placenta (1-3). Mouse serum Prolactin declines until mid-pregnancy, but increases in late pregnancy (1). Post-translational modifications such as polymerization, phosphorylation, and proteolytic cleavage can alter the activities of prolactin (3). Cleavage by matrix metalloproteinases or Cathepsin D can produce N-terminal 16 kDa antiangiogenic fragments also called vasoinhibins (4, 5). Thrombin can produce C-terminal 16 kDa fragments that are not antiangiogenic (3). The prolactin receptor (gene name PRLR) is a transmembrane type I glycoprotein that belongs to the cytokine hematopoietic receptor family. Expression of the prolactin receptor is widespread (2, 3). Each prolactin molecule is thought to bind two receptor molecules (6).

1. Linzer, D.I.H. et al. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260:9574.
2. Grattan, D.R. and I.C. Kokay (2008) J. Neuroendocrinol. 20:752.
3. Ben-Jonathan, N. et al. (2008) Endocr. Rev. 29:1.
4. Piwnica, D. et al. (2006) Mol. Endocrinol. 20:3263.
5. Macotela, Y. et al. (2006) J. Cell Sci. 119:1790.
6. Broutin, I. et al. (2010) J. Biol. Chem. 285:8422.

Publications for Prolactin (1445-PL)(4)

Publications using 1445-PL

• Xu, Y;Alves-Wagner, AB;Inada, H;Firouzjah, SD;Osana, S;Amir, MS;Conlin, RH;Hirshman, MF;Nozik, ES;Goodyear, LJ;Nagatomi, R;Kusuyama, J; Placenta-derived SOD3 deletion impairs maternal behavior via alterations in FGF/FGFR-prolactin signaling axis Cell reports 2024-09-25 [PMID: 39325622] (In vivo assay, Mouse)
• Eto K, Nishimura W, Oishi H, Udagawa H, Kawaguchi M, Hiramoto M, Fujiwara T, Takahashi S, Yasuda K MafA is required for postnatal proliferation of pancreatic beta-cells. PLoS ONE, 2014-08-15;9(8):e104184. 2014-08-15 [PMID: 25126749] (Bioassay, Rat)
• Walker , Tara L, Vukovic , Jana, Koudijs , Margaret, Blackmore , Daniel G, Mackay , Eirinn W, Sykes , Alex M, Overall , Rupert W, Hamlin , Adam S, Bartlett , Perry F Prolactin stimulates precursor cells in the adult mouse hippocampus. PLoS ONE, 2012-09-04;7(9):e44371. 2012-09-04 [PMID: 22973440] (Bioassay, In Vivo, Mouse)
• Morales A, Bonnet C, Bourgoin N, Touvier T, Nadam J, Laglaine A, Navarro F, Moulin C, Georges B, Pequignot JM, Bezin L Unexpected expression of orexin-B in basal conditions and increased levels in the adult rat hippocampus during pilocarpine-induced epileptogenesis. Brain Res., 2006-08-10;1109(1):164-75. 2006-08-10 [PMID: 16904080] (Bioassay, Rat)

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: Prl
• Uniprot:
  • NP_035294()