Recombinant Mouse Epiregulin Protein, CF

• Reactivity: Mu
• Applications: Bioactivity
• Format: Carrier-Free

Recombinant Mouse Epiregulin Protein, CF Summary

• Details of Functionality: Measured in a cell proliferation assay using Balb/3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblast cells. Rubin, J.S. et al. (1991) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:415. The ED₅₀ for this effect is 0.3-1 ng/mL.
• Source: E. coli-derived mouse Epiregulin protein
  Val56-Leu101, with an N-terminal Met
• Accession #: NP_031976
• N-terminal Sequence: Met
• Protein/Peptide Type: Recombinant Proteins
• Gene: Ereg
• Purity: >97%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Silver Staining and quantitative densitometry by Coomassie® Blue Staining.
• Endotoxin Note: <0.10 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Bioactivity
• Theoretical MW: 5.5 kDa.
  Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors.

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS.
• Purity: >97%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Silver Staining and quantitative densitometry by Coomassie® Blue Staining.
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in sterile PBS.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for Recombinant Mouse Epiregulin Protein, CF

• Epiregulin
• ER
• EREG
• proepiregulin

Background

Epiregulin is a member of the EGF family of growth factors which includes, among others, epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor (TGF)-alpha, amphiregulin (ARG), HB (heparin-binding)-EGF, betacellulin, and the various heregulins. They are all synthesized as transmembrane precursors and converted to soluble forms by proteolytic cleavage. Epiregulin was originally purified from the mouse fibroblast-derived tumor cell line NIH3T3/T7 (1). The mouse Epiregulin cDNA encodes for a transmembrane precursor of 162 amino acid in length, with the mature soluble form comprising residues 56 - 101 (2). The mode of action of Epiregulin is similar to other EGF family members in that it binds to and activates the tyrosine-kinase, ErbB-family receptors (ErbB1 through B4) (3). Although it stimulates phosphorylation of all four receptors, it appears to interact primarily with ErbB1 and ErbB4. Epiregulin has the broadest specificity of the EGF-like ligands but seems to preferentially activate heterodimeric receptor complexes (4). Epiregulin exhibits a variety of biological effects. It was originally shown to both inhibit growth of several epithelial tumor cells and stimulate growth of fibroblasts and other types of cells (1). Epiregulin expression is upregulated in a number of carcinoma cell lines. It has also been shown to be an autocrine growth factor in human epidermal keratinocytes (5). Epiregulin has also been shown to play a role in the early steps of pregnancy, regulating attachment of the blastocyst to the uterine epithelium during the implantation process (6).

1. Toyoda, H. et al. (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270:7495.
2. Toyoda, H. et al. (1995) FEBS Lett. 377:403.
3. Komurasaki, T. et al. (1997) Oncogene 15:2841.
4. Shelly, M. et al. (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273:10496.
5. Shirakata, Y. et al. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275:5748.
6. Das, S.K. et al. (1997) Dev. Biol. 190:178.

Publications for Epiregulin (1068-EP/CF)(7)

Publications using 1068-EP/CF

• E Domènech-M, A Brandt, TT Lemmetyine, L Wartiovaar, TP Mäkelä, S Ollila Tellu: an object detector algorithm for automatic classification of intestinal organoids Disease Models & Mechanisms, 2023-03-13;0(0):. 2023-03-13 [PMID: 36804687] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• YC Wang, XX Leng, CB Zhou, SY Lu, CK Tsang, J Xu, MM Zhang, HM Chen, JY Fang Non-enzymatic role of SOD1 in intestinal stem cell growth Cell Death & Disease, 2022-10-20;13(10):882. 2022-10-20 [PMID: 36266264] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• F Westendorp, ON Karpus, PJ Koelink, JLM Vermeulen, S Meisner, J Koster, NVJA Büller, ME Wildenberg, V Muncan, GR van den Br Epithelium-derived Indian Hedgehog restricts stromal expression of ErbB family members that drive colonic tumor cell proliferation Oncogene, 2021-01-21;0(0):. 2021-01-21 [PMID: 33479497] (Bioassay, Transgenic Mouse)
• LJ Martin, SB Smith, A Khoutorsky, CA Magnussen, A Samoshkin, RE Sorge, C Cho, N Yosefpour, S Sivaselvac, S Tohyama, T Cole, TM Khuong, E Mir, DG Gibson, JS Wieskopf, SG Sotocinal, JS Austin, CB Meloto, JH Gitt, C Gkogkas, N Sonenberg, JD Greenspan, RB Fillingim, R Ohrbach, GD Slade, C Knott, R Dubner, AG Nackley, A Ribeiro-da, GG Neely, W Maixner, DV Zaykin, JS Mogil, L Diatchenko Epiregulin and EGFR interactions are involved in pain processing J. Clin. Invest., 2017-08-07;0(0):. 2017-08-07 [PMID: 28783046] (In Vivo, Mouse)
• Shuhaibar L, Egbert J, Edmund A, Uliasz T, Dickey D, Yee S, Potter L, Jaffe L Dephosphorylation of juxtamembrane serines and threonines of the NPR2 guanylyl cyclase is required for rapid resumption of oocyte meiosis in response to luteinizing hormone. Dev Biol, 2015-10-30;409(1):194-201. 2015-10-30 [PMID: 26522847] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• Harada M, Kamimura D, Arima Y, Kohsaka H, Nakatsuji Y, Nishida M, Atsumi T, Meng J, Bando H, Singh R, Sabharwal L, Jiang J, Kumai N, Miyasaka N, Sakoda S, Yamauchi-Takihara K, Ogura H, Hirano T, Murakami M Temporal expression of growth factors triggered by epiregulin regulates inflammation development. J Immunol, 2015-01-02;194(3):1039-46. 2015-01-02 [PMID: 25556244] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• Patel RD, Kim DJ, Peters JM The aryl hydrocarbon receptor directly regulates expression of the potent mitogen epiregulin. Toxicol. Sci., 2005-09-28;89(1):75-82. 2005-09-28 [PMID: 16192470] (Bioassay, Mouse)

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: Ereg
• Uniprot:
  • NP_031976()