Recombinant Human Lymphotoxin alpha2/beta1 Protein, CF

• Reactivity: Hu
• Applications: Bioactivity
• Format: Carrier-Free

Recombinant Human Lymphotoxin alpha2/beta1 Protein, CF Summary

• Details of Functionality: Measured in a cytotoxicity assay using L-929 mouse fibroblast cells. The ED 50 for this effect is 0.5-3 ng/mL.
• Source: Spodoptera frugiperda, Sf 21 (baculovirus)-derived human Lymphotoxin protein Leu35-Leu205 (LT alpha ) & Leu54-Gly244 (LT beta ), both with an N-terminal Met & Thr41 - Leu205 (LT alpha )
• Accession #: P01374 (LT alpha ) & Q06643 (LT beta )
• N-terminal Sequence: Met & Thr41 (LT alpha ) & Met (LT beta )
• Structure / Form: Noncovalently-linked heterotrimer
• Protein/Peptide Type: Recombinant Proteins
• Gene: LTA
• Purity: >95%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain
• Endotoxin Note: <1.0 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Bioactivity
• Theoretical MW: 18 kDa (LT alpha ), 18.5 kDa ( LT beta ).
  Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors.
• SDS-PAGE: 18 - 26 kDa, reducing conditions

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 degreesC as supplied. 1 month, 2 to 8 degreesC under sterile conditions after reconstitution. 3 months, -20 to -70 degreesC under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS.
• Purity: >95%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in sterile PBS.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for Recombinant Human Lymphotoxin alpha2/beta1 Protein, CF

• LT
• Lymphotoxin alpha
• Lymphotoxin
• tnfb
• TNFSF1
• TNLG1E

Background

Lymphotoxin-alpha (LT-alpha ), also known as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) beta , and lymphotoxin-beta (LT-beta ) are members of the TNF family. LT-alpha cDNA encodes a 205 amino acid secreted soluble protein with a 34 amino acid signal sequence. LT-beta cDNA encodes a 244 amino acid type II membrane protein with an N-terminal cytoplasmic domain (residues 1 - 18), a transmembrane region (residues 19 - 48), and an extracellular domain (residues 49 - 244). Secreted LT-alpha assembles as a soluble homotrimer, LT-alpha 3. In addition, secreted LT-alpha also complexes with the membrane associated LT-beta to generate two types of heterotrimers, LT-alpha 1/ beta 2 and LT-alpha 2/ beta 1 (1). The soluble LT-alpha 3 binds both TNF RI (p55) and TNF RII (p75). In contrast, the predominant membrane-bound heterotrimer, LT-alpha 1/ beta 2, binds only to the lymphotoxin beta receptor (LT beta R). LT-alpha 2/ beta 1 is capable of binding LT beta R, TNF RI (p55), and TNF RII (p75). LT plays a role in normal lymphoid organogenesis (2, 3). Transgenic LT-alpha knock-out mice exhibited a loss in lymph node development, a change in splenic architecture, and impaired germinal center formation (4). LT is expressed by activated naive CD4 cells, unpolarized IL-2-secreting effectors, and Th1 effectors. A loss of LT expression and lack of TNF-alpha or TNF-beta secretion is associated with prior exposure to IL-4 and a Th2 phenotype (5).

1. Browning et al. (1993) Cell 72:847.
2. Ettinger et al. (1996) PNAS 93:13102.
3. Cuff et al. (1998) J. Immunol. 161:6853.
4. Browning et al. (1997) J. Immunol. 159:3288.
5. Gramaglia et al. (1999) J. Immunol. 162:1333.

Publications for Lymphotoxin (679-TX/CF)(3)

Publications using 679-TX/CF

• AW Clarke, L Poulton, D Shim, D Mabon, D Butt, M Pollard, V Pande, J Husten, J Lyons, C Tian, AG Doyle An anti-TL1A antibody for the treatment of asthma and inflammatory bowel disease MAbs, 2018-03-05;0(0):1-43. 2018-03-05 [PMID: 29436901] (Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR, Human)
• Kitamura , Jiro, Uemura , Munehiro, Kurozumi , Mafumi, Sonobe , Makoto, Manabe , Toshiaki, Hiai , Hiroshi, Date , Hiroshi, Kinoshita , Kazuo Chronic lung injury by constitutive expression of activation-induced cytidine deaminase leads to focal mucous cell metaplasia and cancer. PLoS ONE, 2015-02-06;10(2):e0117986. 2015-02-06 [PMID: 25659078] (Bioassay, Human)
• Hikichi Y, Tsuji I, Shintani Y LIGHT, a member of the tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily, prevents tumor necrosis factor-alpha-mediated human primary hepatocyte apoptosis, but not Fas-mediated apoptosis. J. Biol. Chem., 2002-10-18;277(51):50054-61. 2002-10-18 [PMID: 12393901] (Bioassay, Human)

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: LTA
• Uniprot:
  • P01374 (LT alpha ) & Q06643 (LT beta )()