PD-L1 Antibody (PDL1/2746) - Azide and BSA Free

Western Blot: PD-L1 Antibody (PDL1/2746) - Azide and BSA Free [NBP2-80491] - Western Blot Analysis of RAW, A549, THP1, MOLT-4, Raji, and MDA-MB-231 cell lysates using PD-L1 Mouse Monoclonal Antibody (PDL1/2746).

Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: PD-L1 Antibody (PDL1/2746) - Azide and BSA Free [NBP2-80491] - Immunofluorescent staining of Jurkat cells. PD-L1 Antibody (PDL1/2746) followed by goat anti-Mouse IgG-CF488 (Green). Nuclei are stained with Reddot (Red)

Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: PD-L1 Antibody (PDL1/2746) - Azide and BSA Free [NBP2-80491] - Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human Basal Cell Carcinoma stained with PD-L1 Antibody (PDL1/2746).

Flow Cytometry: PD-L1 Antibody (PDL1/2746) - Azide and BSA Free [NBP2-80491] - Flow Cytometric Analysis of human Jurkat cells. PD-L1 Antibody (PDL1/2746) followed by goat anti-Mouse IgG-CF488 (Orange); cells alone (Blue); Isotype Control (Red).

Western Blot: PD-L1 Antibody (PDL1/2746) - Azide and BSA Free [NBP2-80491] - Western Blot Analysis of HEK293 and HepG2 cell lysates using PD-L1 Mouse Monoclonal Antibody (PDL1/2746).

Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: PD-L1 Antibody (PDL1/2746) - Azide and BSA Free [NBP2-80491] - Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human Lung SCC stained with PD-L1 Antibody (PDL1/2746).

Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: PD-L1 Antibody (PDL1/2746) - Azide and BSA Free [NBP2-80491] - Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human Cervical Carcinoma stained with PD-L1 Antibody (PDL1/2746).

Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: PD-L1 Antibody (PDL1/2746) - Azide and BSA Free [NBP2-80491] - Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human Breast Carcinoma stained with PD-L1 Antibody (PDL1/2746).

Protein Array: PD-L1 Antibody (PDL1/2746) - Azide and BSA Free [NBP2-80491] - Analysis of Protein Array containing more than 19,000 full-length human proteins using PD-L1 Antibody (PDL1/2746).

Product Discontinued

PD-L1 Antibody (PDL1/2746) - Azide and BSA Free Summary

• Immunogen: Recombinant fragment (around aa 39-191) of human PD-L1 (PDL1/2746) protein (exact sequence is proprietary)
• Localization: Cell Surface and Cytoplasmic
• Isotype: IgG2b Kappa
• Clonality: Monoclonal
• Host: Mouse
• Gene: CD274
• Purity: Protein A or G purified

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • CyTOF-ready
  • ELISA 1:100-1:2000
  • Flow Cytometry 1-2ug/million cells
  • Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence 1-2ug/ml
  • Immunohistochemistry 1-2ug/ml
  • Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin 1-2ug/ml
  • Protein Array
  • Western Blot 1-2ug/ml
• Application Notes: ELISA: For coating, order antibody without BSA).
  Immunohistochemistry (Formalin-fixed): 1-2ug/ml for 30 minutes at RT. Staining of formalin-fixed tissues requires heating tissue sections in 10mM Tris with 1mM EDTA, pH 9.0, for 45 min at 95C followed by cooling at RT for 20 minutes.
  Optimal dilution for a specific application should be determined.
• Theoretical MW: 37-50 kDa.
  Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors.

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Store at 4C short term. Aliquot and store at -20C long term. Avoid freeze-thaw cycles.
• Buffer: 10 mM PBS
• Preservative: No Preservative
• Concentration: 1 mg/ml
• Purity: Protein A or G purified

Alternate Names for PD-L1 Antibody (PDL1/2746) - Azide and BSA Free

• anti-PD-L1
• Avelumab
• B7-H
• B7H1
• B7-H1
• B7H1PDCD1L1
• CD274 antigenMGC142294
• CD274 molecule
• CD274
• PDCD1L1
• PDCD1LG1
• PDCD1LG1MGC142296
• PD-L1 blocking
• PD-L1 ihc
• PD-L1 immunohistochemistry
• PD-L1 western blot
• PDL1
• PD-L1
• PD-L1B7 homolog 1
• PDL1PDCD1 ligand 1
• programmed cell death 1 ligand 1
• Programmed death ligand 1

Background

Programmed-death ligand 1 (PD-L1), also known as CD274 and B7-H1, is a 33 kDa type I glycoprotein containing 290 amino acids (aa) belonging to the protein B7 family and serves as part of an immune checkpoint (1,2). PD-L1 contains an Ig-V and Ig-C-like extracellular domain, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic tail lacking canonical signaling motifs (2,3). PD-L1 is the ligand that binds the receptor programmed-death 1 (PD-1) which is highly expressed on active T cells (1-3). PD-L1 is typically upregulated by tumor cells and antigen presenting cells (APCs), but also expressed on T cells, B cells, macrophages, dendritic cells (DC), mast cells, and some non-immune cell types (1-3). In addition to the membrane-bound, PD-L1 is released from cells both in soluble form and bound to extracellular vesicles (4).

PD-L1 binding with receptor PD-1 results in phosphorylation of in the inhibitory tyrosine-based switch motif (ITSM) domain of PD-1, which leads to recruitment of Src homology 2 domain-containing protein tyrosine-phosphatase 2 (SHP-2) and eventual downstream phosphorylation of spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) and phospholipid inositol-3-kinase (PI3K) (1,3). Under normal conditions, the PD-L1/PD-1 signaling axis helps maintain immune tolerance and prevent destructive immune responses by inhibiting T cell activity such as proliferation, survival, cytokine production, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) cytotoxicity (1-3). In the tumor microenvironment (TME), however, the PD-L1/PD-1 signaling axis is hijacked to promote tumor cell survival and limit anti-tumor immune response (1,3). More precisely, tumor cells can escape killing and immune surveillance due to T cell exhaustion and apoptosis (1-3).

Given the role the PD-L1/PD-1 signaling axis plays in tumor cells' ability to evade immune surveillance, it has become a target of several immunotherapeutic agents in recent years (3,5). Antibody immunotherapies that target these inhibitory checkpoint molecules has shown great promise for cancer treatment (3,5). PD-L1 and PD-1 blocking agents have been approved for treatment in a number of cancers including melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), urothelial carcinoma, and Merkel-cell carcinoma (3,5). In many cancers the expression of PD-L1 in the TME has predictive value for response to blocking agents (3). Pembrolizumab, for example, is a PD-1 inhibitor that has been approved by the FDA as a second-line therapy for treatment of metastatic NSCLC in patients whose tumors express PD-L1 with a Tumor Proportion Score (TPS) greater than 1%, but also for first-line treatment in cases where patients' tumors expression PD-L1 with a TPS greater than 50%) (5). The most promising cancer immunotherapy treatments seem to point to combination therapy with both anti-cancer drugs (e.g. Gefitibin, Metformin, Etoposide) with PD-L1/PD-1 antibody blockade inhibitors (e.g. Atezolizumab, Nivolumab) (6).

References

1. Han, Y., Liu, D., & Li, L. (2020). PD-1/PD-L1 pathway: current researches in cancer. American journal of cancer research, 10(3), 727-742.

2. Jiang, Y., Chen, M., Nie, H., & Yuan, Y. (2019). PD-1 and PD-L1 in cancer immunotherapy: clinical implications and future considerations. Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 15(5), 1111-1122. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2019.1571892

3. Sun, C., Mezzadra, R., & Schumacher, T. N. (2018). Regulation and Function of the PD-L1 Checkpoint. Immunity, 48(3), 434-452. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2018.03.014

4. Cha, J. H., Chan, L. C., Li, C. W., Hsu, J. L., & Hung, M. C. (2019). Mechanisms Controlling PD-L1 Expression in Cancer. Molecular cell, 76(3), 359-370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2019.09.030

5. Tsoukalas, N., Kiakou, M., Tsapakidis, K., Tolia, M., Aravantinou-Fatorou, E., Baxevanos, P., Kyrgias, G., & Theocharis, S. (2019). PD-1 and PD-L1 as immunotherapy targets and biomarkers in non-small cell lung cancer. Journal of B.U.ON. : official journal of the Balkan Union of Oncology, 24(3), 883-888.

6. Gou, Q., Dong, C., Xu, H., Khan, B., Jin, J., Liu, Q., Shi, J., & Hou, Y. (2020). PD-L1 degradation pathway and immunotherapy for cancer. Cell death & disease, 11(11), 955. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41419-020-03140-2

Limitations

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: CD274