IGF-II/IGF2 Antibody [Unconjugated]

Recombinant Mouse IGF-II/IGF2 (Catalog # 792-MG) stimulates proliferation in the MCF‑7 human breast cancer cell line in a dose-dependent manner (orange line). Proliferation elicited by Recombinant Mouse IGF-II/IGF2 (30 ng/mL) is neutralized (green line) by increasing concentrations of Mouse IGF-II/IGF2 Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF792). The ND50 is typically 0.5-2.5 µg/mL.

IGF-II/IGF2 was detected in immersion fixed frozen sections of mouse embryo (E13-17) using Mouse IGF-II/IGF2 Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF792) at 15 µg/mL overnight at 4 °C. Tissue was stained using the Anti-Goat HRP-DAB Cell & Tissue Staining Kit (brown; Catalog # CTS008) and counterstained with hematoxylin (blue). View our protocol for Chromogenic IHC Staining of Frozen Tissue Sections.

• Reactivity: Mu
• Applications: WB, IHC, B/N
• Clonality: Polyclonal
• Host: Goat
• Conjugate: Unconjugated
• Concentration: LYOPH

IGF-II/IGF2 Antibody [Unconjugated] Summary

• Immunogen: E. coli-derived recombinant mouse IGF-II/IGF2
  Ala25-Glu91
  Accession # P09535
• Specificity: Detects mouse IGF-II/IGF2 in direct ELISAs and Western blots. In direct ELISAs, approximately 50% cross-reactivity with recombinant human IGF-II/IGF2 is observed.
• Source: N/A
• Isotype: IgG
• Clonality: Polyclonal
• Host: Goat
• Gene: IGF2
• Purity Statement: Antigen Affinity-purified
• Endotoxin Note: <0.10 EU per 1 μg of the antibody by the LAL method.

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Immunohistochemistry 5-15 ug/mL
  • Neutralization 0.5-2.5 ug/mL
  • Western Blot 0.1 ug/mL

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose. *Small pack size (SP) is supplied either lyophilized or as a 0.2 µm filtered solution in PBS.
• Preservative: No Preservative
• Concentration: LYOPH
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute at 0.2 mg/mL in sterile PBS.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for IGF-II/IGF2 Antibody [Unconjugated]

• C11orf43
• chromosome 11 open reading frame 43
• FLJ22066
• FLJ44734
• GRDF
• IGF2
• IGF-2
• IGFII
• IGF-II
• insulin-like growth factor 2 (somatomedin A)
• insulin-like growth factor II
• insulin-like growth factor type 2
• MSA
• PEG2
• PP9974
• somatomedin-A

Background

IGF-II (Insulin-like growth factor II; also multiplication-stimulating polypeptide/MSP and somatomedin-A) is a secreted 8 kDa polypeptide that belongs to the insulin family of peptide growth factors (1‑3). It is part of a complex system of growth and metabolic-regulating proteins that is particularly important during development. It has been associated with nervous system proliferation and differentiation, myelination, adrenal cortical proliferation, and skeletal growth and differentiation (4). In humans, IGF-II is primarily synthesized by the liver and circulates at high levels in both fetus and adult. In rodents, however, IGF-II levels drop after the perinatal period, an effect attributed to the lack of a key gene promoter (2, 5). This may indicate that postnatally, IGF-II has either a limited or local effect only in rodents. For example, evidence suggests IGF-II may be the intermediary for SHH induction of VEGF attendant with local neovascularization (6). Rodent cells known to express IGF-II include astrocytes (7), hepatocytes (8), osteoblasts (9), embryonic striated muscle cells (10, 11), plus Kupffer cells and Ito cells (12). Mouse IGF-II is synthesized as a 180 amino acid (aa) preproprecursor (13). It contains a 24 aa signal sequence, a 67 aa mature region, and an 89 aa C-terminal prodomain that is alternatively referred to as the E-peptide. Mature IGF-II is 91% and 97% aa identical to human and rat IGF-II, respectively. Proper processing of IGF-II requires the chaperone activity of GRP94 (14). This generates an 8 kDa mature form, an 18 kDa, 156 aa proform, and a potential 11 kDa, 88 aa “Big” form (aa 25-112). This 11 kDa ”Big” form would be equivalent to human 15-16 kDa IGF-II, with the 5 kDa difference attributable to the presence of O-linked glycosylation (15). There is an additional 34 aa proteolytic fragment that is termed preptin and contains aa 93-126 of the preproprecursor. This is distinct from IGF-II, is secreted by pancreatic B cells, and facilitates insulin secretion (16, 17). IGF-II has multiple binding partners. It binds to IGF-I R, the Insulin receptor (IR)-type A and IGF-IR:IR-A hybrids, the type II IGF receptor (IGF-II R), and IGF binding proteins 1-6 (18, 19). The first three receptors initiate downstream signaling events, the IGF-II R sequesters local IGF‑II, and the six IGFBPs regulate IGF-II activity in various tissues.

1. LeRoith, D. and C.T. Roberts Jr. (2003) Cancer Lett. 195:127.
2. Werner, H. and D. LeRoith (2000) Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 57:932.
3. Pavelic, J. et al. (2007) Indian J. Med. Res. 125:511.
4. Varela-Nieto, I. et al. (2007) Curr. Pharm. Des. 13:687.
5. Rotwein, P. and L.J. Hall (1990) DNA Cell Biol. 10:725.
6. Chao, W. and P.A. D-Amore (2008) Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 19:111.
7. Rotwein, P. et al. (1988) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:265.
8. Goya, L. et al. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274:24633.
9. McCarthy, T.L. et al. (1992) Endocrinology 130:1303.
10. Zindy, F. et al. (1992) J. Hepatol. 14:30.
11. Holthuizen, P.E. et al. (1993) Regul. Pept. 48:77.
12. Merrick, D. et al. (2007) BMC Dev. Biol. 7:65.
13. Stempien, M.M. et al. (1986) DNA 5:357.
14. Ostrovsky, O. et al. (2009) Mol. Biol. Cell 20:1855.
15. Daughaday, W.H. et al. (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:5823.
16. Buchanan, C.M. et al. (2001) Biochem. J. 360:431.
17. Cornish, J. et al. (2007) Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 292:E117.
18. Denley, A. et al. (2005) Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 16:421.
19. Belfiore, A. (2007) Curr. Pharm. Des. 13:671.

Limitations

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

Publications for IGF-II/IGF2 Antibody (AF792)(5)

Publications using AF792

• K Mussar, S Pardike, TM Hohl, G Hardiman, V Cirulli, L Crisa A CCR2+ myeloid cell niche required for pancreatic ? cell growth JCI Insight, 2017;2(15):. 2017 [PMID: 28768911] (Neutralization, Mouse)
• Ostrovsky O, Ahmed NT, Argon Y The chaperone activity of GRP94 toward insulin-like growth factor II is necessary for the stress response to serum deprivation. Mol. Biol. Cell, 2009;20(6):1855-64. 2009 [PMID: 19158397] (Western Blot, Mouse)
• Scolnick JA, Cui K, Duggan CD, Xuan S, Yuan XB, Efstratiadis A, Ngai J Role of IGF signaling in olfactory sensory map formation and axon guidance. Neuron, 2008;57(6):847-57. 2008 [PMID: 18367086] (IHC-Fr, Mouse)
• Wanderling S, Simen BB, Ostrovsky O, Ahmed NT, Vogen SM, Gidalevitz T, Argon Y GRP94 is essential for mesoderm induction and muscle development because it regulates insulin-like growth factor secretion. Mol. Biol. Cell, 2007;18(10):3764-75. 2007 [PMID: 17634284] (Western Blot, Mouse)
• Tanaka H, Yamamoto M, Hashimoto N, Miyakoshi M, Tamakawa S, Yoshie M, Tokusashi Y, Yokoyama K, Yaginuma Y, Ogawa K Hypoxia-independent overexpression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha as an early change in mouse hepatocarcinogenesis. Cancer Res., 2006;66(23):11263-70. 2006 [PMID: 17145871] (Western Blot, Mouse)

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: IGF2
• Uniprot:
  • P09535()