GDF-3 Antibody (741614)

GDF-3 was detected in immersion fixed BG01V human embryonic stem cells using Mouse Anti-Human GDF-3 Mono-clonal Antibody (Catalog # MAB5754) at 10 µg/mL for 3 hours at room temperature. Cells were stained using the Northern-Lights™ 557-conjugated Anti-Mouse IgG Secondary Antibody (red; Catalog # NL007) and counterstained with DAPI (blue). Specific staining was localized to cytoplasm. View our protocol for Fluorescent ICC Staining of Cells on Coverslips.

• Reactivity: Hu
• Applications: ICC/IF
• Clone: 741614
• Clonality: Monoclonal
• Host: Mouse
• Conjugate: Unconjugated
• Concentration: LYOPH

GDF-3 Antibody (741614) Summary

• Immunogen: Chinese hamster ovary cell line CHO-derived recombinant human GDF-3
  Ala251-Gly364
  Accession # Q9NR23
• Specificity: Detects human GDF-3 in direct ELISAs. In direct ELISAs, no cross-reactivity with recombinant human (rh) GDF-1, rhBMP-2, or rhBMP-6 is observed and approximately 5% cross-reactivity with recombinant mouse GDF-3 homodimer is observed.
• Source: N/A
• Isotype: IgG1
• Clonality: Monoclonal
• Host: Mouse
• Gene: GDF3
• Purity Statement: Protein A or G purified from hybridoma culture supernatant

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Immunocytochemistry 8-25 ug/mL

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose. *Small pack size (SP) is supplied either lyophilized or as a 0.2 µm filtered solution in PBS.
• Preservative: No Preservative
• Concentration: LYOPH
• Reconstitution Instructions: Sterile PBS to a final concentration of 0.5 mg/mL.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for GDF-3 Antibody (741614)

• GDF3
• GDF-3
• growth differentiation factor 3
• growth/differentiation factor 3
• KFS3
• MCOP7
• MCOPCB6
• Vgr-2

Background

GDF-3 (previously called Vgr-2) is a TGF-beta superfamily member belonging to the growth/differentiation factor family (1, 2). GDF-3 is expressed in undifferentiated embryonic stem (ES) cells, white adipose tissue and the brain (2-4). The 364 amino acid (aa) human GDF-3 contains a 21 aa signal sequence, a 229 aa propeptide and a 114 aa mature region that contains one potential N-glycosylation site. The mature region contains a cysteine-knot structure that is conserved throughout family members. However, it lacks the fourth cysteine which is responsible for the formation of an inter-molecular disulfide bond, so GDF-3 may exist as a non-covalent homodimer (2, 5). Mature human GDF-3 shares 83%, 83%, 91%, 92% and 93% aa identity with mouse, rat, bovine, canine and equine GDF-3, respectively. Most of GDF-3 is present as the uncleaved prepro form (6). The uncleaved and the mature forms both appear to have activity, but that activity may differ (5-8). All forms can oppose BMPs. In human ES cells, inhibition of BMP-2 signaling by GDF-3 maintains pluripotency (5, 7). GDF-3 also influences early cell fate decisions; for example, deletion of mouse GDF-3 produces defects in the anterior visceral endoderm of the pre-gastrulation embryo (6-8). GDF-3 cooperates with GDF-1 in embryogenesis, and the mature protein has nodal-like activity (8, 9). Although GDF family members signal through BMP receptors (ALK-1, -2, -3 and -6), which activate Smads 1, 5 and 8, GDF-3 signaling through ALK-4 and ALK-7, which activate Smads 2 and 3, has also been reported (9, 10). In adipocytes, GDF-3 is induced by a high fat diet, promoting adipogenesis and obesity (3, 10, 11).

1. Levine, A.J. and A.H. Brivanlou (2006) Cell Cycle 5:1069.
2. McPherron, A.C. and S.-J. Lee (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268:3444.
3. Wang, W. et al. (2004) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 321:1024.
4. Hexige, S. et al. (2005) Neurosci. Lett. 389:83.
5. Levine, A.J. et al. (2009) Dev. Biol. 325:43.
6. Levine, A.J. and A.H. Brivanlou (2005) Development 133:209.
7. Peerani, R. et al. (2007) EMBO J. 26:4744.
8. Chen, C. et al. (2006) Development 133:319.
9. Andersson, O. et al. (2007) Dev. Biol. 311:500.
10. Andersson, O. et al. (2008) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 105:7252.
11. Shen, J.J. et al. (2009) Mol. Endocrinol. 23:113.

Limitations

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: GDF3
• Uniprot:
  • Q9NR23(Human)