Complement C4b/d Antibody (C4D203)

Product Discontinued

Complement C4b/d Antibody (C4D203) Summary

• Immunogen: Recombinant human Complement 4d protein
• Localization: Intracytoplasmic vacuoles of endothelial cells and Secreted
• Marker: Acute Humoral Rejection Marker
• Specificity: This MAb is specific to Complement 4d (C4d) and it reacts with the secreted as well as cell-bound C4d.C4d is a degradation product of the activated complement factor C4b. Complement 4b is typically activated by binding of Abs to specific target molecules. Following activation and degradation of the C4 molecule, thio-ester groups are exposed, which allow transient, covalent binding of the degradation product Complement 4d to endothelial cell surfaces and extracellular matrix components of vascular basement membranes near the sites of C4 activation. The presence of C4d in peritubular capillaries is a key indicator for acute humoral (i.e. antibody-mediated) rejection of kidney, heart, pancreas and lung allografts. As an established marker of antibody-mediated acute renal allograft rejection and its proclivity for endothelium, this component can be detected in peritubular capillaries in chronic renal allograft rejection as well as hyperacute rejection, acute vascular rejection, acute cellular rejection, and borderline rejection. It has been shown to be a significant predictor of transplant kidney graft survival. Anti-C4d, combined with anti-C3d, can be utilized as a tool for diagnosis of allograft rejection that may warrant a prompt and aggressive anti-rejection treatment.
• Isotype: IgG1
• Clonality: Monoclonal
• Host: Mouse
• Gene: C4B
• Purity: Protein A or G purified

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Immunofluorescence 0.5 - 1.0 ug/ml
• Application Notes: Hu-chromosome location: 6p21.3
  Molecular weight of antigen: 192kDa (predicted)
• Theoretical MW: 192 kDa.
  Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors.

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Store at 4C.
• Buffer: 10mM PBS and 0.05% BSA
• Preservative: 0.05% Sodium Azide
• Concentration: 0.2 mg/ml
• Purity: Protein A or G purified

Alternate Names for Complement C4b/d Antibody (C4D203)

• basic C4
• Basic complement C4
• C3 and PZP-like alpha-2-macroglobulin domain-containing protein 3
• C4B1
• C4B12
• C4B2
• C4B3
• C4FMGC164979
• CH
• Chido form of C4
• CO4C4B5
• complement C4-B
• complement C4B1a
• complement component 4B (Chido blood group)
• complement component 4B
• CPAMD3FLJ60561
• EC 2.1.1.144
• EC 2.7.11

Background

In eukaryotic cells, DNA is associated with histones and other proteins to form chromatin. The cell division cycle constitutes a series of processes that have evolved to create two genetically identical daughter cells from a mother cell. One of these processes is the conversion of relatively amorphous, extended interphase chromatin into condensed, highly ordered mitotic chromosomes. Proper mitotic chromosome condensation is essential for the correct segregation of sister chromatids into two daughter cells. The basic unit of chromatin is the nucleosome core particle, which consists of 140 bp DNA wrapped around an octameric core containing two each of the four conserved core histones: H2A, H2B, H3 and H4. A fifth histone, the linker histone H1, interacts with DNA of variable length, linking adjacent nucleosome cores, and further compacting the chromatin. Chromatin changes are initiated during G2 phase of the cell cycle, in preparation for cell division. The most striking morphological change is chromatin condensation, which becomes apparent during prophase and is maximal during the subsequent stages of mitosis. Histone H1 and the N-terminal tail of H3 have key roles in the folding and inter-association of the chromatin fiber. Two currently known phosphorylation sites are present in the N-terminus of H3; serine-10 and serine-28.1,2 Mitogenic stimulation, oncogenic transformation, or induction of oncogenic ras expression are accompanied with increase in serine-10 phosphorylation of the H3 N-terminal domain. Indeed, it has been shown that phosphorylated H3 is associated with c-fos and c-myc genes in stimulated cells. Phosphorylation of H3, at both serine-10 and -28, coincides with the induction of mitotic chromosome condensation. H3 phosphorylation may contribute to proto-oncogene induction by modulating chromatin structure and releasing blocks in elongation. In contrast to H1 hyperphosphorylation, site-specific phosphorylation of core histone H3 at serine-10 and -28 appears to occur exclusively during mitosis in mammalian cells. H3 dephosphorylation occurs quite rapidly after mitosis and serine-10/28 remain unphosphorylated throughout the remainder of interphase. PP1 has been identified as the H3 phosphatase. Monoclonal antibodies reacting specifically with phosphorylated histone H3, are useful tools to study molecular mechanisms associated with the G2 to M transition and chromatin condensation, and for the analysis of protein kinase(s) and phosphatase(s) involved in H3 phosphorylation or dephosphorylation. They may also be used in multiparameter analysis to relate H3 phosphorylation in individual cells to the cell

Limitations

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: C4B