Recombinant Rat PDGF-AA Protein, CF

• Reactivity: Rt
• Applications: Bioactivity
• Format: Carrier-Free

Recombinant Rat PDGF-AA Protein, CF Summary

• Details of Functionality: Measured in a cell proliferation assay using NR6R‑3T3 mouse fibroblast cells. Raines, E.W. et al. (1985) Methods Enzymol. 109:749. The ED₅₀ for this effect is 3-9 ng/mL.
• Source: E. coli-derived rat PDGF-AA protein
  Ser87-Arg196
• Accession #: AAB59693.1
• N-terminal Sequence: Ser87
• Structure / Form: Disulfide-linked homodimer
• Protein/Peptide Type: Recombinant Proteins
• Gene: Pdgfa
• Purity: >97%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain
• Endotoxin Note: <0.01 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Bioactivity
• Theoretical MW: 12.5 kDa (monomer).
  Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors.

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in Acetonitrile and TFA.
• Purity: >97%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in sterile 4 mM HCl.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for Recombinant Rat PDGF-AA Protein, CF

• PDGF1
• PDGF-A
• PDGFAA
• PDGF-AA

Background

The platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) family consists of proteins derived from four genes (PDGF-A, -B, -C, and -D) that form four disulfide-linked homodimers (PDGF-AA, -BB, -CC, and -DD) and one heterodimer (PDGF-AB) (1, 2). These proteins regulate diverse cellular functions by binding to and inducing the homo- or hetero-dimerization of two receptors (PDGF R alpha and R beta ). Whereas alpha / alpha homo-dimerization is induced by PDGF-AA, -BB, -CC, and -AB, alpha / beta hetero-dimerization is induced by PDGF-AB,-BB, -CC, and -DD, and beta / beta homo-dimerization is induced only by PDGF-BB, and -DD (1 - 4). Both PDGF R alpha and R beta are members of the class III subfamily of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) that have five immunoglobulin-like domains in their extracellular region and a split kinase domain in their intracellular region. Ligand-induced receptor dimerization results in autophosphorylation in trans resulting in the activation of several intracellular signaling pathways that can lead to cell proliferation, cell survival, cytoskeletal rearrangement, cell migration and extracellular matrix production. Rat PDGF-A chain cDNA encodes a 204 amino acid (aa) residue precursor protein with a 20 aa signal peptide, a 65 aa propeptide that is removed by proteolysis, and a 119 aa mature protein. By alternative splicing, a short form lacking 8 C-terminal aa residues also exists. The long form contains the 8 aa basic insert which promotes intracellular cell retention and association with cell matrix. PDGF-A is expressed in multiple cell types and tissues. Based on PDGF-A knockout studies, PDGF-A appears to be important for the development of oligodendrocytes, testicular Leydig cells, alveolar smooth muscle cells, hair follicles and intestinal villus (1).

1. Betshotz, C. et al. (2001) BioEssays 23:494.
2. Ostman, A. and A.H. Heldin (2001) Advances in Cancer Research 80:1.
3. Gilbertson, D. et al. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276:27406.
4. LaRochells, W.J. et al. (2001) Nature Cell Biol. 3:517.

Publications for PDGF-AA (1055-AA)(13)

Publications using 1055-AA

• Forman, TE;Sajek, MP;Larson, ED;Mukherjee, N;Fantauzzo, KA; PDGFR? signaling regulates Srsf3 transcript binding to affect PI3K signaling and endosomal trafficking eLife 2024-12-04 [PMID: 39630148] (Bioassay, Rat)
• L Yao, BH Rathnakar, HR Kwon, H Sakashita, JH Kim, A Rackley, JJ Tomasek, WL Berry, LE Olson Temporal control of PDGFRalpha regulates the fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition in wound healing Cell Reports, 2022-08-16;40(7):111192. 2022-08-16 [PMID: 35977484] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• T Shimizu, H Murakoshi, H Matsumoto, K Ichino, A Hattori, S Ueno, A Ishida, N Tajiri, H Hida Tension Sensor Based on Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Reveals Fiber Diameter-Dependent Mechanical Factors During Myelination Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, 2021-08-02;15(0):685044. 2021-08-02 [PMID: 34408628] (Bioassay, Rat)
• JL Kadrmas, MC Beckerle, M Yoshigi Genetic analyses in mouse fibroblast and melanoma cells demonstrate novel roles for PDGF-AB ligand and PDGF receptor alpha Sci Rep, 2020-11-09;10(1):19303. 2020-11-09 [PMID: 33168840] (Bioassay, Rat)
• X Hao, X Guan, X Zhao, M Ji, X Wen, P Chen, F Chen, J Yang, Q Lian, L Ye, H Chen Phthalate inhibits Leydig cell differentiation and promotes adipocyte differentiation Chemosphere, 2020-08-06;262(0):127855. 2020-08-06 [PMID: 32799149] (Bioassay, Rat)
• S Ogawa, M Hagiwara, S Misumi, N Tajiri, T Shimizu, A Ishida, N Suzumori, M Sugiura-Og, H Hida Transplanted Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells Survive in the Brain of a Rat Neonatal White Matter Injury Model but Less Mature in Comparison with the Normal Brain Cell Transplant, 2020-01-01;29(0):9636897209460. 2020-01-01 [PMID: 32757665] (Bioassay, Rat, Transgenic Rat)
• X Guan, P Chen, X Zhao, X Hao, F Chen, M Ji, X Wen, H Lin, L Ye, H Chen Characterization of stem cells associated with seminiferous tubule of adult rat testis for their potential to form Leydig cells Stem Cell Res, 2019-10-15;41(0):101593. 2019-10-15 [PMID: 31704538] (Tissue Culture, Rat)
• R Lopez-Bell, S Puig, PJ Huang, CR Tsai, HN Turner, MJ Galko, HB Gutstein Growth factor signaling regulates mechanical nociception in flies and vertebrates J. Neurosci., 2019-05-28;0(0):. 2019-05-28 [PMID: 31138657] (Bioassay, In Vivo, Rat)
• Retinal Proteoglycans Act as Cellular Receptors for Basement Membrane Assembly to Control Astrocyte Migration and Angiogenesis Cell Rep, 2016-11-08;17(7):1832-1844. 2016-11-08 [PMID: 27829154] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• Poehler A, Xiang W, Spitzer P, May V, Meixner H, Rockenstein E, Chutna O, Outeiro T, Winkler J, Masliah E, Klucken J Autophagy modulates SNCA/alpha-synuclein release, thereby generating a hostile microenvironment. Autophagy, 2014-01-01;10(12):2171-92. 2014-01-01 [PMID: 25484190] (Bioassay, Rat)
• Yang J, Wang J, Pan L, Li H, Rao C, Zhang X, Niu G, Qu J, Hou L BMP4 is required for the initial expression of MITF in melanocyte precursor differentiation from embryonic stem cells. Exp Cell Res, 2013-09-27;320(1):54-61. 2013-09-27 [PMID: 24080013] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• Schneider L, Stock CM, Dieterich P, Jensen BH, Pedersen LB, Satir P, Schwab A, Christensen ST, Pedersen SF The Na+/H+ exchanger NHE1 is required for directional migration stimulated via PDGFR-alpha in the primary cilium. J. Cell Biol., 2009-04-06;185(1):163-76. 2009-04-06 [PMID: 19349585] (Bioassay, Hamster, Mouse)
• Yang X, Chrisman H, Weijer CJ PDGF signalling controls the migration of mesoderm cells during chick gastrulation by regulating N-cadherin expression. Development, 2008-10-02;135(21):3521-30. 2008-10-02 [PMID: 18832396] (Bioassay, Chicken)

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: Pdgfa
• Uniprot:
  • AAB59693.1()