Recombinant Mouse CCL4/MIP-1 beta Protein

• Reactivity: Mu
• Applications: Bioactivity

Recombinant Mouse CCL4/MIP-1 beta Protein Summary

• Details of Functionality: Measured by its ability to chemoattract BaF3 mouse pro‑B cells transfected with human CCR5. The ED₅₀ for this effect is 2.50-25.0 ng/mL.
• Source: E. coli-derived mouse CCL4/MIP-1 beta protein
  Ala24-Asn92
• Accession #: Q5QNV9
• N-terminal Sequence: Ala24
• Protein/Peptide Type: Recombinant Proteins
• Gene: Ccl4
• Purity: >97%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain.
• Endotoxin Note: <0.01 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Bioactivity
• Theoretical MW: 7.8 kDa.
  Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors.

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in Acetonitrile and TFA with BSA as a carrier protein.
• Purity: >97%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain.
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in sterile PBS containing at least 0.1% human or bovine serum albumin.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for Recombinant Mouse CCL4/MIP-1 beta Protein

• ACT2
• ACT-2
• AT744.1
• C-C motif chemokine 4
• CCL4
• chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4
• Exodus-3
• G-26 T-lymphocyte-secreted protein
• G-26
• HC21
• LAG1
• LAG-1
• Lymphocyte activation gene 1 protein
• Macrophage inflammatory protein 1-beta
• MIP1 beta
• MIP-1 beta
• MIP1B
• MIP1B1
• MIP-1-beta
• MIP-1-beta(1-69)
• PAT 744
• Protein H400
• SCYA2
• SCYA4
• secreted protein G-26
• SIS-gamma
• small inducible cytokine A4 (homologous to mouse Mip-1b)
• Small-inducible cytokine A4
• T-cell activation protein 2

Background

CCL4, also known as macrophage inflammatory protein 1 beta (MIP-1 beta , is a 12 kDa beta chemokine that is secreted at sites of inflammation by activated leukocytes, lymphocytes, vascular endothelial cells, and pulmonary smooth muscle cells (1, 2). CCL4 attracts a variety of immune cells to sites of microbial infection as well as to other pathologic inflammation such as allergic asthma and ischemic myocardium (3 - 8). A CCL4 deficiency in mice promotes the development of autoantibodies, possibly as a result of compromised regulatory T cell recruitment (6). CCL4 is secreted from activated monocytes as a heterodimer with CCL3/MIP-1 alpha (9). The first two N-terminal amino acids can be cleaved from human CCL4 by CD26/DPPIV (10, 11). Both the full length and truncated forms exert biological activity through CCR5, and the truncated form additionally interacts with CCR1 and CCR2 (10). In humans, the ability of CCL4 to bind CCR5 inhibits the cellular entry of M-tropic HIV-1 which utilizes CCR5 as a coreceptor (2). Both forms of CCL4 block HIV-1 infection of T cells by inducing the downregulation of CCR5 (10). Mature mouse CCL4 shares 77% and 86% aa sequence identity with human and rat CCL4, respectively.

1. Rot, A. and U.H. von Andrian (2004) Annu. Rev. Immunol. 22:891.
2. Menten, P. et al. (2002) Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 13:455.
3. Sun, X. et al. (2006) Infec. Immun. 74:5943.
4. Bisset, L.R. and Schmid-Grendelmeier, P. (2005) Curr. Opin. Pulm. Med. 11:35.
5. Frangogiannis, N.G. (2004) Inflamm. Res. 53:585.
6. Bystry, R.S. et al. (2001) Nat. Immunol. 2:1126.
7. Oliveira, S.H.P. et al. (2002) J. Leukoc. Biol. 71:1019.
8. Schall, T.J. et al. (1993) J. Exp. Med. 177:1821.
9. Guan, E. et al. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276:12404.
10. Guan, E. et al. (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277:32348.
11. Guan, E. et al. (2004) J. Cell. Biochem. 92:53.

Publications for CCL4/MIP-1 beta (451-MB)(11)

Publications using 451-MB

• C Anastasaki, J Mo, JK Chen, J Chatterjee, Y Pan, SM Scheaffer, O Cobb, M Monje, LQ Le, DH Gutmann Neuronal hyperexcitability drives central and peripheral nervous system tumor progression in models of neurofibromatosis-1 Nature Communications, 2022-05-19;13(1):2785. 2022-05-19 [PMID: 35589737] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• J Chatterjee, S Sanapala, O Cobb, A Bewley, AK Goldstein, E Cordell, X Ge, JR Garbow, MJ Holtzman, DH Gutmann Asthma reduces glioma formation by T cell decorin-mediated inhibition of microglia Nature Communications, 2021-12-08;12(1):7122. 2021-12-08 [PMID: 34880260] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• X Chen, Y He, Q Wei, C Wang Basil Polysaccharide Reverses Development of Experimental Model of Sepsis-Induced Secondary Staphylococcus aureus Pneumonia Mediators of Inflammation, 2021-05-18;2021(0):5596339. 2021-05-18 [PMID: 34054345] (In Vivo, Mouse)
• X Guo, Y Pan, M Xiong, S Sanapala, C Anastasaki, O Cobb, S Dahiya, DH Gutmann Midkine activation of CD8+ T cells establishes a neuron-immune-cancer axis responsible for low-grade glioma growth Nat Commun, 2020-05-01;11(1):2177. 2020-05-01 [PMID: 32358581] (Cell Culture, Mouse)
• M Jo, JH Kim, G Song, M Seo, E Mi Hwang, K Suk Astrocytic orosomucoid-2 modulates microglial activation and neuroinflammation J. Neurosci, 2017-02-13;0(0):. 2017-02-13 [PMID: 28193696] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• Sato S, Zhang X The Friend leukaemia virus integration 1 (Fli-1) transcription factor affects lupus nephritis development by regulating inflammatory cell infiltration into the kidney. Clin Exp Immunol, 2014-07-01;177(1):102-9. 2014-07-01 [PMID: 24580413] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• Fujihara Y, Takato T, Hoshi K Macrophage-inducing FasL on chondrocytes forms immune privilege in cartilage tissue engineering, enhancing in vivo regeneration. Stem Cells, 2014-05-01;32(5):1208-19. 2014-05-01 [PMID: 24446149] (Bioassay, Human, Mouse)
• Shojaei F, Wu X, Zhong C, Yu L, Liang XH, Yao J, Blanchard D, Bais C, Peale FV, van Bruggen N, Ho C, Ross J, Tan M, Carano RA, Meng YG, Ferrara N Bv8 regulates myeloid-cell-dependent tumour angiogenesis. Nature, 2007-12-06;450(7171):825-31. 2007-12-06 [PMID: 18064003] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• Tavares E, Minano FJ Differential sensitivities of pyrogenic chemokine fevers to CC chemokine receptor 5 antibodies. Fundam Clin Pharmacol, 2004-04-01;18(2):163-9. 2004-04-01 [PMID: 15066130] (In Vivo, Mouse)
• Menten P, Saccani A, Dillen C, Wuyts A, Struyf S, Proost P, Mantovani A, Wang JM, Van Damme J Role of the autocrine chemokines MIP-1alpha and MIP-1beta in the metastatic behavior of murine T cell lymphoma. J. Leukoc. Biol., 2002-10-01;72(4):780-9. 2002-10-01 [PMID: 12377948] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• Bless NM, Huber-Lang M, Guo RF, Warner RL, Schmal H, Czermak BJ, Shanley TP, Crouch LD, Lentsch AB, Sarma V, Mulligan MS, Friedl HP, Ward PA Role of CC chemokines (macrophage inflammatory protein-1 beta, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, RANTES) in acute lung injury in rats. J. Immunol., 2000-03-01;164(5):2650-9. 2000-03-01 [PMID: 10679105] (In Vivo, Rat)

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: Ccl4
• Uniprot:
  • Q5QNV9()