Recombinant Human PRDC/GREM2 Protein, CF

Recombinant Human PRDC/GREM2 (Catalog # 8436-PR) inhibits BMP-4-induced activity in MC3T3‑E1 mouse preosteoblast cells. The ED50 for this effect is 0.03-0.12 μg/mL

• Reactivity: Hu
• Applications: Bioactivity
• Format: Carrier-Free

Recombinant Human PRDC/GREM2 Protein, CF Summary

• Details of Functionality: Measured by its ability to inhibit BMP-4-induced activity in MC3T3‑E1 mouse preosteoblast cells. The ED₅₀ for this effect is 0.03-0.12 μg/mL
• Source: E. coli-derived human PRDC/GREM2 protein
  Arg22-Gln168 with an N-terminal Met
• Accession #: Q9H772
• N-terminal Sequence: Met
• Structure / Form: Disulfide-linked homodimer
• Protein/Peptide Type: Recombinant Proteins
• Gene: GREM2
• Purity: >95%, by SDS-PAGE with silver staining.
• Endotoxin Note: <0.10 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Bioactivity
• Theoretical MW: 17 kDa.
  Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors.
• SDS-PAGE: 18 kDa, reducing conditions

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in HCl.
• Purity: >95%, by SDS-PAGE with silver staining.
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute at 500 μg/mL in 4 mM HCl

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for Recombinant Human PRDC/GREM2 Protein, CF

• CKTSF1B2
• CKTSF1B2FLJ21195
• Cysteine knot superfamily 1, BMP antagonist 2
• DAN domain family member 3
• DAND3
• DAND3Prdc
• GREM2
• gremlin 2
• gremlin 2, cysteine knot superfamily, homolog
• gremlin-2
• PRDC
• PRDCgremlin 2, cysteine knot superfamily, homolog (Xenopus laevis)
• Protein related to DAN and cerberus

Background

PRDC/GREM2 (Protein Related to DAN and Cerberus/Gremlin-2) is a secreted BMP antagonist belonging to the Cerberus/DAN (CAN) family. Similar to other CAN family members, PRDC/GREM2 has 6 conserved cysteine residues that form a cysteine knot, and two additional cysteine residues located in the loops of the cysteine knot (1-3). Mature human PRDC/GREM2 is synthesized as a 168 amino acid (aa) monomer. At the amino acid level, mature human PRDC/GREM2 shares 97% sequence identity with mature mouse PRDC/GREM2. PRDC/GREM2 is biologically active as a homodimer that assembles its subunits in a head-to-tail orientation. PRDC/GREM2 is up-regulated through Wnt/ beta -catenin signaling and has been shown to potently inhibit BMP-2, -4, and -7 (4-6). During early development PRDC/GREM2 is involved in tooth morphogenesis, osteogenesis, and neurogenesis (7-9). In the adult, PRDC/GREM2 is involved in bone repair and bone remodeling (10). PRDC/GREM2 has been detected in the adult ovary, brain, spleen, and colon (11). The biological activity of PRDC/GREM2 can be blocked by binding to heparin (4).

1. Pearce, J.J. et al. (1999) Dev. Biol. 209:98.
2. Kattamuri, C. et al. (2012) Protein Expr. Purif. 82:389.
3. Minabe-Saegusa, C. et al. (1998) Dev. Growth Differ. 40:343.
4. Nolan, K. et al. (2013) Structure 21:1417.
5. Kattamuri, C. et al. (2012) J. Mol. Biol. 424:313.
6. Im, J. et al. (2007) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 354:296.
7. Vogel, P. et al. (2014) Vet. Pathol. [Epub ahead of print; PMID 24686385].
8. Kriebitz, N.N. et al. (2009) Dev. Biol. 336:280.
9. Ideno, H. et al. (2009) Exp. Cell Res. 315:474.
10. Dean, D.B. et al. (2010) J. Anat. 216:625.
11. Sudo, S. et al. (2004) J. Biol. Chem. 279:23134.

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: GREM2
• Uniprot:
  • Q9H772()