Recombinant Human Lymphotoxin-alpha/TNF-beta

Product Discontinued

Recombinant Human Lymphotoxin-alpha/TNF-beta Summary

• Details of Functionality: Measured in a cytotoxicity assay using L‑929 mouse fibroblast cells in the presence of the metabolic inhibitor actinomycin D. Matthews, N. and M.L. Neale (1987) in Lymphokines and Interferons, A Practical Approach. Clemens, M.J. et al. (eds): IRL Press. 221. The ED₅₀ for this effect is 0.1-0.4 ng/mL.
• Source: E. coli-derived human Lymphotoxin-alpha/TNF-beta protein
  Leu35-Leu205, with an N-terminal Met
  Accession # P01374
• Accession #: P01374
• N-terminal Sequence: Met
• Protein/Peptide Type: Recombinant Proteins
• Purity: >95%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain
• Endotoxin Note: <1.0 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Bioactivity
• Theoretical MW: 18.8 kDa; The Recombinant Human Lymphotoxin-alpha /TNF-beta preparations may also contain some N‑terminally truncated bioactive forms of Lymphotoxin-alpha /TNF-beta which lack 22, 15, or 3 N-terminal residues..
  Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors.
• SDS-PAGE: 14-19 kDa, reducing conditions

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with BSA as a carrier protein.
• Purity: >95%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in sterile PBS containing at least 0.1% human or bovine serum albumin.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for Recombinant Human Lymphotoxin-alpha/TNF-beta

• LT
• LTA
• LT-alpha
• lymphotoxin alpha (TNF superfamily, member 1)
• Lymphotoxin alpha
• Lymphotoxinalpha
• Lymphotoxin-alpha
• tnfb
• TNF-beta
• TNFBlymphotoxin-alpha
• TNFSF1
• TNFSF1B
• TNFSF1TNF-beta
• tumor necrosis factor beta
• Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 1

Background

Tumor necrosis factor beta (TNF-beta ), also known as lymphotoxin-alpha (LT-alpha ), and TNF-alpha , are two structurally and functionally related proteins that bind to the same cell surface receptors (TNF RI and TNF RII) and produce a vast range of similar, but not identical, effects. Among these effects is the ability to kill certain tumor cells directly, from which the names tumor necrosis factor and lymphotoxin both derive. Mature TNF‑ beta /LT‑ alpha and TNF-alpha share approximately 35% protein sequence homology and the biologically active secreted forms of both proteins are homotrimers. Whereas TNF-alpha can exist as a type II membrane protein, TNF-beta /LT-alpha possesses a typical signal peptide sequence and is a secreted protein. It has been shown that TNF‑ beta /LT‑ alpha is also present on the cell surface of activated T, B and LAK cells as a heteromeric complex with LT-beta , a type II membrane protein that is another member of the TNF ligand family. The genes for TNF-alpha , TNF‑ beta /LT‑ alpha , and LT‑ beta are closely linked within the major histocompatibility complex.

TNF-beta /LT-alpha is expressed in activated T- and B‑lymphocytes. In addition to its cytotoxic action on tumor cells, TNF-beta /LT-alpha has been shown to be a mediator of inflammation and immune function. Evidence is also accumulating that TNF-beta /LT-alpha and TNF-alpha are mediators in the pathogenesis of certain autoimmune diseases. TNF-beta /LT-alpha has also been shown to have a role in lymphoid organ development. Human and mouse TNF-beta /LT-alpha share approximately 74% homology in their amino acid sequence and exhibit cross-species activity.

Publications for Lymphotoxin-alpha/TNF-beta (211-TB)(8)

Publications using 211-TB

• M Fellermann, C Huchler, L Fechter, T Kolb, F Wondany, D Mayer, J Michaelis, S Stenger, K Mellert, P Möller, TFE Barth, S Fischer, H Barth Clostridial C3 Toxins Enter and Intoxicate Human Dendritic Cells Toxins (Basel), 2020-09-01;12(9):. 2020-09-01 [PMID: 32883045] (Bioassay, Human)
• TK Darling, PN Mimche, C Bray, B Umaru, LM Brady, C Stone, CE Eboumbou M, TE Lane, LS Ayong, TJ Lamb EphA2 contributes to disruption of the blood-brain barrier in cerebral malaria PLoS Pathog., 2020-01-30;16(1):e1008261. 2020-01-30 [PMID: 31999807] (Bioassay, Human)
• JG Chen, X Liu, M Munshi, L Xu, N Tsakmaklis, MG Demos, A Kofides, ML Guerrera, GG Chan, CJ Patterson, KE Meid, J Gustine, T Dubeau, P Severns, JJ Castillo, ZR Hunter, J Wang, SJ Buhrlage, NS Gray, SP Treon, G Yang BTKCys481Serdrives ibrutinib resistance via ERK1/2, and protects BTKWild-TypeMYD88 mutated cells by a paracrine mechanism Blood, 2018-03-01;0(0):. 2018-03-01 [PMID: 29496671] (Bioassay, Human)
• Sarhan D, Palma M, Mao Y, Adamson L, Kiessling R, Mellstedt H, Osterborg A, Lundqvist A Dendritic cell regulation of NK-cell responses involves lymphotoxin-alpha, IL-12, and TGF-beta. Eur J Immunol, 2015-04-17;45(6):1783-93. 2015-04-17 [PMID: 25773885] (Bioassay, Human)
• Steeland S, Puimege L, Vandenbroucke R, Van Hauwermeiren F, Haustraete J, Devoogdt N, Hulpiau P, Leroux-Roels G, Laukens D, Meuleman P, De Vos M, Libert C Generation and characterization of small single domain antibodies inhibiting human tumor necrosis factor receptor 1. J Biol Chem, 2014-12-23;290(7):4022-37. 2014-12-23 [PMID: 25538244] (Bioassay, Human)
• Yaden B, Wang Y, Wilson J, Culver A, Milner A, Datta-Mannan A, Shetler P, Croy J, Dai G, Krishnan V Inhibition of activin A ameliorates skeletal muscle injury and rescues contractile properties by inducing efficient remodeling in female mice. Am J Pathol, 2014-04-01;184(4):1152-66. 2014-04-01 [PMID: 24655377] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• Vang , Amanda G, Housley , William, Dong , Hongli, Basole , Chaitali, Ben-Sasson , Shlomo Z, Kream , Barbara, Epstein , Paul M, Clark , Robert B, Brocke , Stefan Regulatory T-cells and cAMP suppress effector T-cells independently of PKA-CREM/ICER: a potential role for Epac. Biochem J, 2013-12-15;456(3):463-73. 2013-12-15 [PMID: 24007532] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• Johnson LA, Clasper S, Holt AP, Lalor PF, Baban D, Jackson DG An inflammation-induced mechanism for leukocyte transmigration across lymphatic vessel endothelium. J. Exp. Med., 2006-11-20;203(12):2763-77. 2006-11-20 [PMID: 17116732] (Bioassay, Human)

Bioinformatics

• Uniprot:
  • P01374()